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San Fernando Valley California Earthquakes of 1971 and 1994identificationInfocontentInfo distributionInfo metadataMaintenance |
| (MI_Metadata) fileIdentifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.photos:G01213 language: eng; USA characterSet: (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8 hierarchyLevel: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: Heather McCullough organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-3707 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain contactInstructions: Contact Data Center role: (CI_RoleCode)http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode dateStamp: 2011-04-07 metadataStandardName: ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data metadataStandardVersion: ISO 19115-2:2009(E) return to top identificationInfo: (MD_DataIdentification) citation: (CI_Citation) title: San Fernando Valley California Earthquakes of 1971 and 1994 date: (CI_Date) date: 1994 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication edition: First identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Document citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (comp) role: (CI_RoleCode) originator citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: National Geophysical Data Center contactInfo: (CI_Contact) address: (CI_Address) city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO role: (CI_RoleCode) publisher presentationForm: abstract: This slide set compares two earthquakes that were separated by a distance of 10 miles and a time of 23 years. Disproving the notion that once an earthquake has occurred, an area is safe from future earthquakes, these events affected much of the same area and even some of the same structures. These two events were the largest of 17 moderate-sized main shock/aftershock sequences that have occurred in the Los Angeles area since 1920. The 1971 shock is referred to in the scientific literature as the San Fernando earthquake. The 1994 shock (also in the San Fernando Valley) is called the Northridge earthquake. This slide set compares the two earthquakes. The pictures show the same type of damage in some cases, and effects at the same site in other cases.The EarthquakesOn February 9, 1971, 14:01 UTC (6:01 A.M. local time), a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurred. The epicenter was located at 34 degrees 25' N, 118 degrees 24' W, 20 miles (32 km) north of downtown Los Angeles, at a depth of 8.4 km (five miles).Twenty-three years later on January 17, 1994, 12:31 UTC (4:31 A.M. local time), a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurred. The epicenter was located at 34 degrees 13' N, 118 degrees 32' W, 20 miles west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles, at a depth of 12 miles (20 km). The 1994 earthquake was centered about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of the 1971 earthquake. Was history repeating itself?The aftershock zones of the two earthquakes overlap, suggesting that some of the aftershocks may be occurring along the same fault systems. Both earthquakes were the result of thrust faulting. However, in 1971 the fault dipped toward the north, away from the population and under the mountains. In 1994, the fault plane dipped toward the south, into the densely populated valley. The 1994 sequence also started deeper (12 miles) as compared to the 1971 sequence, which started at a depth of five miles. The main shock beneath the Northridge suburb occurred on a shallowly-dipping, previously-unknown thrust fault. The focal mechanism of the main shock from both first motions and teleseisms shows a N 60 degrees west dipping and 35 degrees to 45 degrees south dipping plane. The distribution of aftershocks in the San Fernando earthquake suggests southward thrusting along a disc-shaped fault surface, and aftershock depths suggest that the thrust surface dips about 35 degrees N toward N 20 degrees E.The Damage - Although the 1994 earthquake was only slightly larger than the 1971 earthquake, it was much more damaging because of its location beneath the San Fernando Valley and its closer proximity to other communities in the Los Angeles basin. Northridge statistics include 56 dead, 25,000 dwellings uninhabitable, and $10 billion in damage. The 1971 San Fernando earthquake was felt over an area of 80,000 square miles. The statistics include 58 dead and $497.8 million in damage. In the 1971 earthquake, several major hospital complexes were damaged, including the Veterans Administration Hospital, the Olive View Hospital, the Holy Cross Hospital, and the Pacoima Memorial Lutheran Hospital. In the 1994 earthquake, 20 medical facilities had at least one building tagged yellow or red. Spectacular damage occurred to freeways in both earthquakes. In both earthquakes, the I-5 and SR-14 interchange incurred major damage. In the 1971 earthquake, a major fault line crossed the main and siding railroad tracks at Sylmar. In the 1994 earthquake, a 64-car Southern Pacific train was derailed near the earthquake epicenter, spilling 5,000 gallons of sulfuric acid and 3,000 gallons of diesel fuel. In the 1971 event, more than 750 homes and 100 businesses sustained major damage. In the Northridge earthquake (23 years later), companies closed plants and offices, and more than forty retailers reported heavy damage. Apartment complexes all over the San Fernando Valley were severely damaged. Power outages occurred throughout the San Fernando Valley in both events, and gas, water, and telephone services were disrupted. These two events in the San Fernando Valley clearly dispel the myth that an earthquake in an area reduces the threat of future earthquakes. purpose: To provide long-term scientific data stewardship for the Nation's geophysical data, ensuring quality, integrity, and accessibility. credit: Patricia Lockridge status: (MD_ProgressCode) completed pointOfContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: Heather McCullough organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-3707 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain contactInstructions: Contact Data Center role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact resourceMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation) maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) notPlanned graphicOverview: (MD_BrowseGraphic) fileName: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/icons/small_res/20/20_408.jpg fileDescription: A home in Crestview Park on Almetz Street. More than 700 dwellings were evacuated and declared unsafe after the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 fileType: JPEG descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Seismology > Earthquake Occurrences keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Tectonics > Faults keyword: INFOTERRA > Disasters > Catastrophic phenomena > Earthquakes type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords date: descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Photo keyword: Natural Hazard type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Uncontrolled Keywords date: descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: WDC/MGG, BOULDER > World Data Center for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Boulder keyword: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords date: descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: North and Central America > United States > California > Los Angeles > San Fernando Valley type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names date: resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) accessConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions useConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Access Constraints: None Use Constraints: None Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. language: eng; USA topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation extent: (EX_Extent) geographicElement: (EX_GeographicBoundingBox) westBoundLongitude: -118.32 eastBoundLongitude: -118.24 southBoundLatitude: 34.13 northBoundLatitude: 34.25 temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimePeriod: description: Publication Date beginPosition: 1971-02-09 endPosition: 1994-01-31 return to top contentInfo: return to top distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution) distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: TIFF version: distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: TIFF version: distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: TIFF version: distributor: (MD_Distributor) distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: User Services organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-6826 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: ngdc.info@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain role: (CI_RoleCode) distributor distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: Free on the web distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: None orderingInstructions: Ordering Instructions: Product may be downloaded via: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=20&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center turnaround: None distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: $195.00/145.00 plus handling and shipping outside the USA orderingInstructions: Ordering Instructions: Product may be ordered via the online store: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=G01268-CDR-A0001 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center turnaround: 4 Days transferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) transferSize: Real: 25238 onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=20&t=101634&s=0&d=2&d=22 onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=20&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/ onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=20&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 transferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) offLine: (MD_Medium) name: (MD_MediumNameCode) cdRom mediumFormat: (MD_MediumFormatCode) iso9660 return to top metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation) maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: maintenanceNote: This metadata was automatically generated from the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata standard version FGDC-STD-012-2002 using the June 2011 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform. The Spatial Reference Information is not currently mapped over to ISO but will be mapped in future versions. contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: Heather McCullough organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-3707 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain contactInstructions: Contact Data Center role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian |
