Alternate Views: Get Data, FAQ, ISO Rubric, CSW, HTML, Components, XML

Seismic Creep identificationInfo contentInfo distributionInfo metadataMaintenance

(MI_Metadata)     fileIdentifier:  gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.photos:G01216     language:  eng; USA     characterSet:  (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8     hierarchyLevel:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset     contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)         individualName:  Heather McCullough         organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce         contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)             phone:  (CI_Telephone)                 voice:  (303) 497-3707                 facsimile:  (303) 497-6513             address:  (CI_Address)                 deliveryPoint:  NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway                 city:  Boulder                 administrativeArea:  CO                 postalCode:  80305-3328                 country:  USA                 electronicMailAddress:  Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov             hoursOfService:  7:30 - 5:00 Mountain             contactInstructions:  Contact Data Center         role:  (CI_RoleCode)http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode     dateStamp:  2011-04-06     metadataStandardName:  ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data     metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E) return to top     identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)         citation:  (CI_Citation)             title:  Seismic Creep             date:  (CI_Date)                 date:  1994                 dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication             edition:  First             identifier:  (MD_Identifier)                 code:  Documents             citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)                 organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (comp)                 role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator             citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)                 organisationName:  National Geophysical Data Center                 contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)                     address:  (CI_Address)                         city:  Boulder                         administrativeArea:  CO                 role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher             presentationForm:         abstract:  Seismic creep is the constant or periodic movement on a fault as contrasted with the sudden erupture associated with an earthquake. It is a usually slow deformation of rock resulting from constant stress being applied over a period of time. Sometimes a seismic slip is observed at the ground surface along a ruptured fault that has produced a substantial earthquake. Examples are from the Hollister and Hayward, California, region. Several of the slides are split images of a location, comparing fault movement over the years. Seismic creep is the constant or periodic movement on a fault as contrasted with the sudden rupture associated with an earthquake. It is a usually slow deformation of rock resulting from constant stress being applied over a period of time. Active faults exhibit a variety of deformational phenomena; the most obvious is earthquake slip. In addition, faults may continue to move after an earthquake occurs (after slip), move slowly over time in the absence of earthquake activity (fault creep), or move slowly as pressure builds before an earthquake (pre-seismic slip). Fault creep may be constant over time, or the motion may alternate between periods of slow and relatively rapid movement. Usually, such episodes of fault slip are a seismic-that is, they are not accompanied by local earthquakes. The characteristics of the fault itself and the total mechanical system that produces the fault movement are the major factors determining the type of creep. As more information is acquired about the fault itself and about the stresses upon it, interpretations are made about movement along that fault, including creep. Fault creep (horizontal fault slippage) has been identified on a number of faults around the world including the north Anatolian fault at Ismetpasa in Turkey, along the Jordan Valley rift in Israel, and the Hayward, San Andreas, and Calaveras faults in California. Sometimes a seismic slip is observed at the ground surface along a ruptured fault that has produced a substantial earthquake. For example, along the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California, offsets of road pavement increased by a few centimeters in the days following the June 27, 1966, earthquake. Such continued adjustment of the crustal rock after the initial major offset may be caused partly by the minor slips that produce aftershocks. They may also result from the yielding of the weaker surface rocks and gouge in the fault zone as they accommodate to theadjusted tectonic forces in the region. Seismic creep, when it occurs in developed areas, may result in structural damage. Creep has damaged the huge concrete-lined water tunnel from the Sierra Nevada that brings water to cities on the east of San Francisco Bay. It has damaged Berkeley Memorial Stadium at the University of California and the Almaden Cienega Winery near Hollister. The tunnel and the stadium straddle the active Hayward fault which is undergoing right-lateral slip at the rate of 2 to 5 millimeters a year. When the tunnel was drained in 1966, cracks several centimeters across were discovered. These encircled the concrete lining where the tunnel and fault zone intersect. A concrete drainage culvert under the stadium shows considerable cracking where it crosses the Hayward fault trace; instruments that were placed across the cracks in 1966 show that the right-lateral slipcontinues to occur. Obviously, faults should be avoided when considering locations for man-made structures. When utility lines, roads, and railroads must be laid across active faults, they should have jointed or flexible sections within the fault zone. Slides for this set were provided by Joe Dellinger, AMOCO TTC 1F10, 4502 E. 41st, Tulsa, OK 74135, and by Dr. Sue Ellen Hirschfeld, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Hayward, CA 94542-3088. Their slides are in the public domain, copyright-free. Dr. Eduard Berg asks that you contact him personally if you intend to reproduce his slides. He may be reached at: University of Hawaii, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822.         purpose:  Make available Damage Photos for research and education         credit:  Patricia Lockridge         status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed         pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)             individualName:  Heather McCullough             organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce             contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)                 phone:  (CI_Telephone)                     voice:  (303) 497-3707                     facsimile:  (303) 497-6513                 address:  (CI_Address)                     deliveryPoint:  NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway                     city:  Boulder                     administrativeArea:  CO                     postalCode:  80305-3328                     country:  USA                     electronicMailAddress:  Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov                 hoursOfService:  7:30 - 5:00 Mountain                 contactInstructions:  Contact Data Center             role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact         resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)             maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) notPlanned         graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)             fileName: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/icons/small_res/23/23_465.jpg             fileDescription:  Curb at north end of crosswalk by Central and Locust Streets, August 4, 1992. Graffiti in the cement of the curb indicates it was poured April 22, 1975, so this photo demonstrates 16 years of creep on the Calaveras fault. The coin is used for scale.             fileType:  JPEG         descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)             keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > Erosion/Sedimentation > Entrainment             keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > Erosion/Sedimentation > Erosion             keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > Erosion/Sedimentation > Weathering             keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Tectonics > Faults             type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme             thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)                 title:  NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords                 date:         descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)             keyword:  INFOTERRA > Disasters > Catastrophic phenomena > Landslides             keyword:  INFOTERRA > Lithosphere > Faults > Faults             keyword:  INFOTERRA > Lithosphere > Seismic activity > Seismic activity             type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme             thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)                 title:  INFOTERRA Keyword Thesaurus                 date:         descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)             keyword:  WDC/MGG, BOULDER > World Data Center for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Boulder             keyword:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce             type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme             thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)                 title:  NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords                 date:         descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)             keyword:  Global             type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place             thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)                 title:  NASA/GCMD Location Keywords                 date:         resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)             accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions             useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions             otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: No Constraints Use Constraints: None Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.         language:  eng; USA         topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation         extent:  (EX_Extent)             geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)                 westBoundLongitude:  -122.18                 eastBoundLongitude:  -121.24                 southBoundLatitude:  36.51                 northBoundLatitude:  37.57             temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)                 extent:                   TimePeriod:                     description:  Publication Date                     beginPosition:  1966-12-00                     endPosition:  1993-12-00 return to top     contentInfo: return to top     distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)         distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)             name:  TIFF             version:         distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)             name:  TIFF             version:         distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)             name:  TIFF             version:         distributor:  (MD_Distributor)             distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)                 individualName:  Heather McCullough                 organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce                 contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)                     phone:  (CI_Telephone)                         voice:  303.497.6277                         facsimile:  303.497.6513                     address:  (CI_Address)                         deliveryPoint:  NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC1 325 Broadway                         city:  Boulder                         administrativeArea:  CO                         postalCode:  80305-3328                         country:  USA                         electronicMailAddress:  Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov                     hoursOfService:  7:30 - 5:00 Mountain                     contactInstructions:  Contact Data Center                 role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor             distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)                 fees:  Free on the web             distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)                 fees:  None                 orderingInstructions:  Ordering Instructions: Product may be downloaded via: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=23&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center                 turnaround:  None             distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)                 fees:  $25.00 plus handling and shipping outside the USA                 orderingInstructions:  Ordering Instructions: Product may be ordered from the online store via: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=G01268-CDR-A0001 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center                 turnaround:  4 Days         transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)             transferSize:               Real:  25818             onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)                 linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=23&t=101634&s=0&d=2&d=22             onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)                 linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=23&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44             onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)                 linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/             onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)                 linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=23&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44         transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)             offLine:  (MD_Medium)                 name:  (MD_MediumNameCode) cdRom                 mediumFormat:  (MD_MediumFormatCode) iso9660 return to top     metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)         maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:         maintenanceNote:  This metadata was automatically generated from the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata standard version FGDC-STD-012-2002 using the June 2011 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform. The Spatial Reference Information is not currently mapped over to ISO but will be mapped in future versions.         contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)             individualName:  Heather McCullough             organisationName:  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce             contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)                 phone:  (CI_Telephone)                     voice:  (303) 497-3707                     facsimile:  (303) 497-6513                 address:  (CI_Address)                     deliveryPoint:  NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway                     city:  Boulder                     administrativeArea:  CO                     postalCode:  80305-3328                     country:  USA                     electronicMailAddress:  Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov                 hoursOfService:  7:30 - 5:00 Mountain                 contactInstructions:  Contact Data Center             role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian