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Crater Peak (Mt. Spurr), Alaska: Eruptions of 1992identificationInfocontentInfo distributionInfo metadataMaintenance |
| (MI_Metadata) fileIdentifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.photos:G01228 language: eng; USA characterSet: (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8 hierarchyLevel: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: Heather McCullough organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-3707 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain contactInstructions: Contact Data Center role: (CI_RoleCode)http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode dateStamp: 2011-04-06 metadataStandardName: ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data metadataStandardVersion: ISO 19115-2:2009(E) return to top identificationInfo: (MD_DataIdentification) citation: (CI_Citation) title: Crater Peak (Mt. Spurr), Alaska: Eruptions of 1992 date: (CI_Date) date: 1994 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication edition: First identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Document citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (comp) role: (CI_RoleCode) originator citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: National Geophysical Data Center contactInfo: (CI_Contact) address: (CI_Address) city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO role: (CI_RoleCode) publisher presentationForm: abstract: Alaska has a number of active and potentially active volcanoes. More than one-half of the population of Alaska lives within 300 km of an active volcano. In the last 100 years there have been two eruptions at Mr. Spurr, three at Redoubt Volcano, and four eruptions at the Augustine Volcano. The 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano resulted in 160 million dollars of damageand loss. This set follows the story of Crater Peak activity from June through October, 1992, and discusses precursors, the eruptions, and effects on the environment. Mt. Spurr, located 124 km due west of Anchorage, Alaska, is an ice-covered, silicic-andesite dome complex that has not erupted in historic times. Crater Peak is a satellite vent perched on the southern rim of a Mt. Spurr caldera that formed 10,000-20,000 years ago. Crater Peak, active for at least the last 5,000 years, is a basaltic-andesite stratocone with a summit crater approximately 800 m across at its rim. Prior to the 1992 eruptions, it last erupted in 1953. There were vigorous fumarole fields and a smallwarm lake in the summit crater. Increased seismicity began at Crater Peak in August of 1991. By June of 1992 scientists noted an increase in the temperature and acidity of asummit lake. A flight over the summit on June 26 revealed that the summit lake had drained away. Seismicity increased and Crater Peak erupted explosively on 0704 AST on June 27. The eruption column reached 15 km and ash fall was reported 425 km to the north. Avalanches of hot debris flowed down the south flank and mixed with snow to form debris flows (lahars) that traveled up to six km from the crater. Following the June 27 eruption the volcano's seismicity returned to pre-August 1991 levels. Almost two months later on August 18, a commercial flight over the volcano discovered an ash plume emanating from Crater Peak. Then at 1641 AST, almost without warning, Crater Peak explosively erupted, sending a plume of ash to more than 14 km in altitude. Large volcanic bombs were thrown 750 m above the vent. Lithic blocks of up to one meter diameter were thrown as far as 3.8 km southeast of Crater Peak. Pyroclastic (hot debris) flows traveled as much as three kilometers from the crater rim. The volume of the ash plume was about twice the volume produced by the June eruption. During the night of September 16-17, Crater Peak again erupted. As in the first two eruptions a 15-km tephra cloud and pyroclastic flows also accompanied this eruption. A variety of eruption products including frothy, glassy material and large brown to gray andesitic bombs were produced by all three eruptions. Fragmental debris varying in size from very fine ash to large blocks several meters across littered the slopes of the volcano. The August 18 eruption of Crater Peak produced troublesome ash falls in Anchorage, 124 km distant. Residents had to wear particle masks and take special precautions to protect car engines and electronic equipment. The International Airport at Anchorage was closed for 20 hours by the ash fall. The ash fall from the September 16-17 eruption heavily impacted the communities in the Matanuska-Susitna and Copper River basins. There have been periods of intense seismicity since the eruption in August of 1992. purpose: Make available Damage Photos for research and education credit: Patricia Lockridge status: (MD_ProgressCode) completed pointOfContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: Heather McCullough organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-3707 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain contactInstructions: Contact Data Center role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact resourceMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation) maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) notPlanned graphicOverview: (MD_BrowseGraphic) fileName: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/icons/small_res/35/35_713.jpg fileDescription: Following the August eruption, the inside of Crater Peak was mantled with pryoclastic debris and coarse talus from rock avalanches from the steep crater walls. The actual orifice or vent for the eruptions is located at the back (NW) corner of the crater, here steaming profusely. Other "rootless" fumaroles emit steam through the thick blanket of debris on the crater rim and where banked against the crater walls. fileType: JPEG descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Volcanoes > Eruption Dynamics keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Volcanoes > Lava keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Volcanoes > Magma keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Volcanoes > Pyroclastics keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > Volcanoes > Volcanic Ash/Dust type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords date: descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Lithosphere > Seismic activity > Seismic activity keyword: Lithosphere > Volcanoes > Volcanoes type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: INFOTERRA Keyword Thesaurus date: descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: WDC/MGG, BOULDER > World Data Center for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Boulder keyword: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords date: descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: North America > United States > Alaska > Kenai Peninsula > Spurr, Mount type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names date: resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) accessConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions useConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Access Constraints: None Use Constraints: None Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. aggregationInfo: (MD_AggregateInformation) aggregateDataSetIdentifier: (MD_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: Container Packet ID date: code: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.photos:G01143 associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) language: eng; USA topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation extent: (EX_Extent) geographicElement: (EX_GeographicBoundingBox) westBoundLongitude: -152.25 eastBoundLongitude: -149.53 southBoundLatitude: 61.13 northBoundLatitude: 61.3 temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimePeriod: description: Publication Date beginPosition: 1992-06 endPosition: 1992-10 return to top contentInfo: return to top distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution) distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: TIFF version: distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: TIFF version: distributor: (MD_Distributor) distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: User Services organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-6826 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: ngdc.info@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain role: (CI_RoleCode) distributor distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: $25.00 orderingInstructions: Non-Digital Form: 35 mm slides; Crater Peak (Mt. Spurr), Alaska: Eruptions of 1992 Ordering Instructions: Product may be ordered from the online store via:http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=G01228-SLI-A0001 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center turnaround: 4 Days distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: None orderingInstructions: Ordering Instructions: Product may be downloaded via: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=35&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center turnaround: None distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: $25.00 plus handling orderingInstructions: Ordering Instructions: Product may be ordered from the online store via: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=G01268-CDR-A0001 Custom Order Process: Contact Data Center turnaround: 4 Days transferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=35&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/ onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=35&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 transferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) offLine: (MD_Medium) name: (MD_MediumNameCode) cdRom mediumFormat: (MD_MediumFormatCode) iso9660 return to top metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation) maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: maintenanceNote: This metadata was automatically generated from the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata standard version FGDC-STD-012-2002 using the June 2011 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform. The Spatial Reference Information is not currently mapped over to ISO but will be mapped in future versions. contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: Heather McCullough organisationName: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-3707 facsimile: (303) 497-6513 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: Heather.McCullough@noaa.gov hoursOfService: 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain contactInstructions: Contact Data Center role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian |
