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Aerial view of Halape coconut grove on Hawaii Island, Hawaii, after a tsunami was generated by a magnitude 7.5 (Mw) local earthquake. There were thirty-two campers at Halape near the base of the 1,000 foot cliffs of Puu Kapukapu when the foreshock occurred. Rocks falling from the cliffs drove some campers closer to the beach where they were trapped by the first wave (1.5 m). The second wave, measuring 7.9 meters, carried campers into a crevice and a ditch. These structures kept the waves from carrying them out to sea. However, two of the campers were drowned, and 19 others were injured. The photo shows the permanent subsidence of between 3.0 and 3.5 meters at Halape. The local earthquake generated the largest local tsunami of the 20th Century in Hawaii. Image Credit: National Park Service November 29, 1975 Kilauea USA tsunami Two earthquakes occurred in the morning on Hawaii Island. The first earthquake (3 hours 36 minutes local time, 5.1 Ms, epicenter near the Kilauea crater) awakened the entire population of the island. The second earthquake (4 hours 48 minutes local time, 7.2 Ms, off the southeast coast) caused damage (IX) at Hilo and damage (VIII) at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. In many places houses were severely damaged, roads were breached and became unusable due to landslides; electric power lines were broken. Maximum subsidence 3.5 meters along the southeast coast. Maximum width of ground cracks 1 meter in the park. There was a brief eruption of the Kilauea Volcano. The second earthquake generated a locally damaging submarine landslide tsunami that was recorded at tide gauge stations in Alaska, California, Galapagos Islands, Peru, and Chile. Event Data:
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