gov.noaa.ncdc:C00007 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Unknown atlas http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov SOWM Hindcast Wind and Wave Climatology for North Pacific, North Atlantic and Mediterranean is historical digital data set DSI-9786, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). It is a digital ocean atlas. SOWM is the Spectral Ocean Wave Model, a computer software methodology which was developed by Dr. Willard J. Pierson and others and adopted in December 1974 by what was then the US Navy Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FLENUMOCEANCEN). FLENUMOCEANCEN was a predecessor of the current Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). SOWM is a computer-based procedure that produces a directional variance spectrum at specified grid points that are a maximum of 180 nautical miles apart. This spectrum defines the sea surface at each grid point through a two dimensional matrix (direction/ frequency) of 12 directions and 15 frequency bands. The David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC), a predecessor to the US Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD), with Operations Research, Inc. (ORI), developed computer programs to derive a number of numerical parameters from the SOWM spectral wave data. The NCDC used many of the concepts from these programs and others written by FLENUMOCEANCEN to devise a parameterization program that was used for this atlas (DSI-9786). This atlas contains climatological summaries for seven parameters: wind speed and direction, wave height, wave direction, wave slope code, modal wave period, and wave directionality. The first four parameters had appeared in US Navy climatologies. The latter three parameters had not appeared, because they cannot be directly derived from visual observations. However, they can be very important operating considerations. Ship rolling and stability is affected by the wave slope of higher waves. Wave slope of a regular wave is defined as the ratio of wave height to wave length. The modal wave period is the period associated with the maximum wave energy in the wave spectrum. Modal wave periods associated with wavelengths of about 0.75 and 1.25 ship lengths (depending on ship course and speed) can cause resonance pitching and heaving. The modal wave is not necessarily equal to the wave period associated with the higher of the two waves, the sea or the swell as summarized in past US Navy climatologies (US Navy, 1974). Wave directionality is the uniformity of the direction of movement of the waves. If the waves are all moving in a uniform direction, then the directionality is one. When there is no preferred direction of wave movement (a completely confused sea state), the directionality is zero. Obviously, ship response and maneuverability can be affected by the directional spread of the wave energy. Data in this atlas are derived using winds and waves from the period January 1973 to December 1982, i.e. 10 years. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. World Meteorological Organization 1976 WMO No. 446 Geneva, Switzerland World Meteorological Organization World Meteorological Organization 1981 See WMO Resolution 35 (Congress IV) as amended by recommendation 36 (1968-CMM). Cartwright, D. E. 1964 Hogben, N. Lumb, F. E. 1964 SHIP REF. 49 National Physical Laboratory. National Physical Laboratory. National Physical Laboratory. SHIP REF. 49. Cummins, W. E. Bales, S. L. 1980 Nordenstrom, N. 1969 Unknown Unknown DnV report No. 69-21-5 Oslo, Norway. Unknown Pierson, W.J., Jr. Newman, G. James, R.W. 1955 Unknown U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office Lanzanoff, S. M. 1981 Monterey, California Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Gentile, D.M. 1982 Silver Spring, Maryland ORI,Incorporated data set C00007 ANEMOMETERS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WAVE HEIGHT GAUGES WIND VANES SHIPS National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Cartwright, D. E., 1964: A Comparison of Instrumental and Visually Estimated Wave Heights and Periods Recorded on Ocean Weather Ships. Appendix to Hogben, N. and Lumb, F. E., 1964: The presentation of wave data from voluntary observing ships. National Physical Laboratory. SHIP REF. 49. Cummins, W. E. and S. L. Bales, 1980: Extreme value and rare occurrence wave statistics for Northern Hemispheric shipping lanes. S NAME - STAR. Gentile, D.M., 1982: ORI, Incorporated, Silver Spring, Maryland. Personal Communication. Nordenstrom, N., 1969: Methods for predicting long-term distributions of wave loads and probability of failure for ships. App. II, Relationships between visually estimated and theoretical wave heights and periods, DnV report No. 69-21-5, Oslo, Norway. Lanzanoff, S. M., 1981: Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center, Monterey, California. Personal communication. Pierson, W.J., Jr., G. Newman, and R.W. James, 1955: Practical Methods of Observing and Forecasting Ocean Waves by Means of Wave Spectra and Statistics, U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office. World Meteorological Organization, 1976: Handbook on Wave Analysis and Forecasting. WMO No. 446, Geneva, Switzerland World Meteorological Organization, 1981: WMO Guide to Marine Meteorological Services, 1981. See WMO Resolution 35 (Congress IV) as amended by recommendation 36 (1968-CMM). 19730101 19821231 Ground Condition Complete As Needed 130.0 37.0 68.0 3.0 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 oceans 014 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Oceanography GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SEA STATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SWELLS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE FREQUENCY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE LENGTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE PERIOD EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE SPECTRA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE SPEED/DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WIND WAVES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY > SEA SURFACE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY > SEA SURFACE SLOPE GCMD Location Valids NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN MEDITERRANEAN SEA GCMD Location Valids SEA SURFACE SHIPS ANEMOMETERS SHIPS WIND VANES SHIPS WAVE HEIGHT GAUGES SHIPS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS 1 None None Not provided Unknown Completeness information not available. Not derived from another source. Unknown None None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov DSI-9786 Every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of current NOAA quality control procedures. NOAA can only certify that the data provided to its customers is an authentic copy of the records which were accepted for inclusion in NOAA archives. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. 20060629 20060627 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002