gov.noaa.ncdc:C00271 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Unknown tabular digital data http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html#TD1118 http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html#TD1118 http DSI-1118 Documentation NCDC Dataset Documentation for DSI-1118 information Japanese Ship Observations is historical data set DSI-1118, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The Ocean areas covered were wherever Japanese ships operated, except observations made at Ocean Weather Stations (OSVs) X and T, and Japanese Antarctic Whaling Ships. The Japanese ship Soya was not included. The hours 06, 12, 18 and 24 are local mean times (LMT) (24 ismidnight of day ending). Japanese Standard Time is 135E MeridianTime and is +9 hours from GCT. The atmospheric and oceanic surface parameters included in this dataset are hourly observations of air temperature, air pressure, winds, cloud types, skycover, visibility, precipitation, ocean wave height and direction, sea ice, ocean pressure, swell, sea water, suspended solids, currents, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and tides. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. data set C00271 ANEMOMETERS BAROMETERS PRESSURE SENSORS STD > Salinity, Temperature, Depth TEMPERATURE SENSORS THERMOMETERS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WAVE HEIGHT GAUGES WIND VANES SHIPS National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html#TD1118 19370101 19531231 Ground Condition Complete As Needed -180.0 180.0 90.0 -90.0 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 elevation 006 geoscientificInformation 008 oceans 014 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather Earth Sciences > Ocean > Oceanography GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD AMOUNT/FREQUENCY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD CEILING EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD TYPES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AIR QUALITY > VISIBILITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AEROSOLS > DUST/ASH/SMOKE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA > FOG EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA > LIGHTNING EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA > STORMS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > HAIL EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > SLEET EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > SNOW EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SEA STATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SWELLS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > TSUNAMIS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE PERIOD EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE SPEED/DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > ICE EDGES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > ICE EXTENT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > ICE FLOES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > ICE TYPES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > ICEBERGS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > LEADS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > PACK ICE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > TIDES > TIDAL CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > TIDES > TIDAL HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SUSPENDED SOLIDS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > VOLCANOES > VOLCANIC ASH/DUST EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > SEISMOLOGY > EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES EARTH SCIENCE > SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS > IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS > AURORAE GCMD Location Valids GLOBAL OCEAN GCMD Location Valids SEA SURFACE TROPOSPHERE SHIPS ANEMOMETERS SHIPS BAROMETERS SHIPS PRESSURE SENSORS SHIPS THERMOMETERS SHIPS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS SHIPS WIND VANES SHIPS TEMPERATURE SENSORS SHIPS WAVE HEIGHT GAUGES SHIPS Salinity, Temperature, Depth STD 1 None None Not provided Unknown Completeness information not available. Unknown Unknown Positions: 1 Element: Format Code: 1 Definition: Format number for deck 118 Positions: 2 Element: Ship class Code: 0-5 Definition: See code 1 Positions: 3-7 Element: Ship number Code: 00000-99999 Definition: Indicates ships name. Arbitrarily assigned number for each ship stamped on the upper left side of record. Positions: 8-9 Element: Year Code: 37-53 Definition: 1937-1953 Positions: 10-11 Element: Month Code: 01-12 Definition: January-December Positions: 12-13 Element: Day of month Code: 01-31 Definition: Positions: 14-15 Element: Hour LMT Code: 06, 12, 18, 24 Definition: See note*, observation time. Positions: 16 Element: Quadrant Code: 0-3 Definition: See code 2 Positions: 17-18 Element: Latitude Code: 00-90 Definition: Degrees. North and South indicated in position 16. Positions: 19-20 Element: Latitude Code: 00-59 Definition: Minutes. North and South indicated in position 16. Positions: 21-23 Element: Longitude Code: 000-180 Definition: Positions: 24-25 Element: Longitude Code: 00-59 Definition: Positions: 26-27 Element: Wind direction Code: 00-32 Definition: See code 3. The points of a 32 point compass are most frequently used. Positions: 28 Element: Wind Force Code: 0-9 Definition: Beaufort force 0-9 Code: x/0 Definition: Beaufort force 10 Code: x/1 Definition: Beaufort force 11 Code: x/2 Definition: Beaufort force greater than 12. Hurricane greater than 73 mph or 64 knots. See code 4. Positions: 29-31 Element: Barometric sea level pressure Code: 000-999 Definition: 700.0 through 799.9 mm in 1/10 millimeters. X-overpunch in column 29 indicates the hundreds position value is 6 rather than 7. Positions: 32-33 Element: Air temperature Code: 00-99 Definition: 0 thru 99 deg. C. 1/10 Deg. C values are dropped and punched in whole Deg. C. Code: x/01-x/99 Definition: -1 thru -99 deg. C. X-overpunch in tens position equals minus (-) values. Positions: 34-45 Element: Sea surface temperature Code: 00-99 Definition: 0 thru 99 Deg C. 1/10 Deg C values are dropped and punched in whole Deg C. Code: x/01-x/99 Definition: -1 thru -99 Deg C. X-overpunch in tens position equals minus (-) values. Positions: 36 Element: High clouds Code: 0-7 Definition: See code 5. Positions: 37 Element: Middle clouds Code: 0-3 Definition: See code 6. Positions: 38 Element: Low clouds Code: 0-9 Definition: See code 7 Positions: 39 Element: Total amount Code: 0-9 Definition: 0-9/10 sky covered Code: X Definition: 10/10, total sky covered or obscured Positions: 40 Element: Sky condition Code: Blank, 0-5 Definition: See code 8 Positions: 41 Element: Type of precipitation Code: Blank, 0-9, x/0-x/5 Definition: See code 9 Positions: 42 Element: Other phenomena Code: Blank, 0-9, x Definition: See code 10 Positions: 43 Element: Obstruction to vision Code: Blank, 0-3 Definition: See code 11 Positions: 45-46 Element: Direction of sea waves Code: 00-32, xx Definition: See code 3, See remarks Positions 26-27 Positions: 47 Element: Sea waves height Code: 0-9, x Definition: See code 13 Positions: 48-49 Element: Direction of sea swell Code: 00-32 Definition: See code 3, See remarks Positions 26-27 Positions: 50 Element: Swell height Code: 0-7 Definition: See code 14, See note*, swell height. Positions: 51-54 Element: Time difference between ships and JST Code: 00-21 Definition: Ships time is 00-21 hours slow from JST. See note*, observation time. X in column 51 and blank in columns 52-54 indicate difference missing. Positions: 51-52 Element: Hours Code: 00-59 Definition: 00-59 minutes Positions: 53-54 Element: Minutes Code: 000-999 Definition: Base of second layer. Positions: 55 Element: Kind of ice Code: 0-9, x Definition: See code 15. Covers the preceding 6 hours. Positions: 56-57 Element: current direction Code: 00-36 Definition: See code 16. Direction toward which ocean is moving. Normally reported once daily on the 1200 LMT. Positions: 58-59 Element: Current speed Code: 00 Definition: No current Code: 01-99 Definition: 1-99 miles per day Code: x/00-x/99 Definition: 100-199 miles X-overpunch in Position 58. *Ships drift in nautical miles in past 24 hours. Normally punched on the 1200 LMT observation card only. See page 1, additional remarks. Positions: 60-63 Element: Special phnomena Code: 1-8 Definition: See code 17. (a) Covers the past 6 hours. (b) Blank when none occurred. (c) The highest code is given priority when two or more conditions occur in each category. Positions: 61 Element: Sea water phenomena or lithometers Code: 1-9 Definition: See code 18 Positions: 62 Element: Disastrous phenomena Code: 1-5 Definition: See code 19 Positions: 63 Element: Seaquake Code: 1-9, x Definition: See code 20 Positions: 64 Code: x Definition: Indicates 65-80 are blank Positions: 65-80 Element: Blank Code: Blank Definition: Not used. These columns are always blank. *Observation time - The hours 06, 12, 18, 24 Local Mean Time (LMT). Special observations were taken between these hours at the discretion of the observer. The difference between ships LMT and Japanese Standard Time (JST) is punched in columns 51-54. JST is the 135 E. Meridian Time and is +9 hours from GCT. The ships LMT was computed once daily as follows: The LMT of the ship changed continuously with the ships movement. The time used on the ships log for any given day, however, was the LMT for one of the meridian which the ship was reckoned to cross during that day. The particular meridian selected for the LMT was sometimes the midpoint of the reckoned meridional distance for that day and sometimes the meridian crossed at 00 GMT. The logs do not distinguish which of the methods were used. *Swell height - It should be noted that swell height codes were changed from 7 point code to a 9 point code in 1953. The period 1947-1950 the swell was reported with the 0 point Douglas Scale. Code Tables Code 1 Ships Class Code Description 0 Weather ship 1 University Scientific Expedition Ship 2 Maritime Ship of Government Agency 3 Naval Ship 4 Privately owned Merchant or Cargo Ship 5 Privately owned Fishing Boat Code 2 Quadrant Code Description 0 N Latitude and W Longitude 1 N Latitude and E Longitude 2 S Latitude and W Longitude 3 S Latitude and E Longitude Code 3 dd - Wind Direction Code 32 Points 16 of 32 Points Direction 00 Calm C 01 06-16 N/E 02 17-28 12-33 NNE 03 28-39 NE/N 04 40-50 35-56 NE 05 51-61 NE/E 06 62-73 57-78 ENE 07 74-84 E/N 08 85-95 79-101 E 09 96-106 E/S 10 107-118 102-123 ESE 11 119-129 SE/E 12 130-140 124-146 SE 13 141-151 SE-S 14 152-163 147-163 SSE 15 164-174 S/E 16 175-185 169-191 S 17 186-196 S/W 18 197-208 192-213 SSW 19 209-219 SW/S 20 220-230 214-236 SW 21 231-241 SW/W 22 242-253 237-258 WSW 23 254-264 W/S 24 265-275 259-281 W 25 276-286 W/N 26 287-298 282-303 WNW 27 299-309 NW/W 28 310-320 304-326 NW 29 321-331 NW/N 30 332-342 327-348 NNW 31 344-354 N/W 32 355-005 349-011 N XX Variable or confused Even values of code are used when coding 16 points of 32 point compass which was most frequently used. / = by Value in parenthesis indicated grouping of code between lines are 8 point reduction. Code 4 F - Force of Surface Wind Beaufort Scale of Wind Beaufort Description Mean Velocity Meters/sec. Km/h m.p.h Number Term in Knots 0 Calm LT 1 0-0.2 LT 1 LT 1 1 Light air 1-3 0.3-1.5 1-5 1-3 2 Light Breeze 4-6 1.6-3.3 6-11 4-7 3 Gentle Breeze 7-10 3.4-5.4 12-19 8-12 4 Moderate Breeze 11-16 5.5-7.9 20-28 13-18 5 Fresh Breeze 17-21 8.0-10.7 29-38 19-24 6 Strong Breeze 22-27 10.8-13.8 39-49 25-31 7 Near Gale 28-33 13.9-17.1 50-61 32-38 8 Gale 34-40 17.2-20.7 62-74 39-46 9 Strong Gales 41-47 20.8-24.4 75-88 47-54 10 Storm 48-55 24.5-28.4 89-102 55-63 11 Violent Storm 56-63 28.5-32.6 103-117 64-72 12 Hurricane 64- 32.7- 118- 73- Code 5 CH - Type of Cloud Code Symbol Description 0 No high clouds 1 CK Cirrocumulus 2 C Cirrus 3 CS Cirrostratus 4 C and CK Cirrus and Cirrocumulus 5 C and CS Cirrus and Cirrostratus 6 CK and CS Cirrocumulus and Cirrostratus 7 CK and CS and C Cirrocumulus and Cirrostratus and Cirrus Code 6 CM - Type of Middle Cloud Code Symbol Description 0 No middle clouds 1 SC Altostratus 2 KC Altocumulus 3 KC and SC Altocumulus and Altostratus Code 7 CL - Type of Low Cloud Code Symbol Description 0 No low clouds 1 KNandN or S Cumulonimbus and Nimbus or Stratus 2 KN and SK Cumulonimbus and Stratocumulus 3 KN Cumulonimbus 4 S.FS Stratus, Fractostratus 5 N.NS Nimbus, Nimbostratus 6 K.FK Cumulus, Fractocumulus 7 KandSK Cumulus and Stratocumulus 8 SK Stratocumulus 9 F or Fog When two of more low clouds were reported that could not be described by the above code, the lowest code (not 0) was given preference. Code 8 Total Sky Cover Code Symbol Description Coverage Figure 0 b Blue sky 0 to GT or EQ 3/10 1 bc Partly cloudy 4/10 - 7/10 2 c Cloudy 8/10 3 K or CK High overcast with high 8/10 - 10/10 clouds predominating 4 O or OC Low overcast 8/10 - 10/10 5 KO High overcast with 8/10 - 10/10 low overcast Blank Sky obscured or missing obscured sky indicated by column 39 as an X. Code 9 Type of Precipitation Code Symbol Description 0 d drizzle 1 d and r drizzle and rain 2 d and p drizzle and passing showers 3 d and s drizzle and snow 4 r rain 5 r and p rain and passing showers 6 r and s rain and snow 7 p passing showers 8 p and s passing showers and snow 9 s snow x/ indicates X-overpunch of digit indicated x/0 rs sleet (ice, rain, snow together x/1 h hail x/2 h and d hail and drizzle x/3 h and r hail and rain x/4 h and p hail passing showers x/5 h and s hail and snow Blank No precipitation occurring at time of observation Note: When 3 or more types of precipitation were recorded, 2 combined types were punched in the order of preference: 1. Hail, 2. Sleet, 3. Snow, 4. Rain, 5. Showers, 6. Drizzle. Code 10 Other phenomena Code Symbol Description 0 w Dew 1 x Hoarfrost 2 g Gloomy weather. Sky covered by low clouds. Rain seems to be falling, but showers or storm are absent 3 e Wet without rain. Atmosphere feels wet or moist. Dew may be observed on cool surfaces. 4 u Ugly weather. tendency to storm - sky covered by fast moving clouds and rain or strong winds are expected momentarily. 5 q Squalls 6 l Lightning 7 t Thunder 8 t and 1 Thunder and lightning 9 q and 1 Squall and lightning or q and t Squall with thunder x Q and t and 1 Squall with thunder and lightning Blank None of the above phenomena observed. Code 11 Obstructions to vision Code Symbol Description 0 v Unusual visibility Object visible at 750 km. 1 z Haze 2 m Mist 3 F Fog Blank None of the above Code 12 V - Horizontal visibility Code Km. Yards Statute Nautical figure Miles Miles 0 LT 0.05 LT 55 LT 1/32 1 0.05 55 1/32 2 0.2 220 1/8 3 0.5 550 5/16 1/4 4 1 1,100 5/8 1/2 5 2 2,200 1-1/4 1 6 4 4,400 2-1/2 2 7 10 11,000 6-1/4 5 8 20 22,000 12-1/2 10 9 GT or EQ GT or EQ GT or EQ GT 25 50 55,000 31-1/4 If the observed visibility is between two of the reportable distances as given in the table, the code figure for the lower reportable distance is reported. Maximum visible distance regardless of direction. Code 13 S - Sea Waves Height Code Description Height (Feet) Height (Meters) 0 Calm 0 0 1 Very smooth LT 1 0.3 2 Smooth 1-2 0.3-0.6 3 Slight 2-3 0.6-1.0 4 Moderate 3-5 1.0-1.5 5 Rather rough 5-8 1.5-2.5 6 Rough 8-12 2.5-4.0 7 High 12-20 4.0-7.0 8 Very high 20-40 7.0-13 9 Phenomenal GT 40 GT 13 X Variable or confused Note: When the height is the exact value for two codes the lower code was punched. Code 14 K - Swell Heights Code Description Height (Feet) Height (Meters) 0 No swell 0 0 1 Slight 0.1-1 0.1-0.4 2 Moderate 2-4 0.5-1.4 3 Rather rough 5-8 1.5-2.4 4 Rough 9-12 2.5-3.9 5 Heavy 13-17 4.0-5.4 6 Very heavy 18-22 5.5-6.9 7 Abnormal GT or EQ 23 GT or EQ 7.0 Code 15 C2 - Type of Ice Code Description 0 No sea ice 1 New ice 2 Flat ice 3 Drift ice 4 Ice field 5 Packed (compact) slush or strips of hummocked ice 6 Open lead near shore 7 Heavy fast ice 8 Heavy drift ice 9 Hummocked ice x Ice jamming When two or more Ice codes were reported the highest code figure was punched. Code 16 Wind Direction Code Figure Description (degrees) 00 Calm 01 5-14 02 15-24 03 25-34 04 35-44 05 45-54 06 55-64 07 65-74 08 75-84 09 85-94 10 95-104 11 105-114 12 115-124 13 125-134 14 135-144 15 145-154 16 155-164 17 165-174 18 175-184 19 185-194 20 195-204 21 205-214 22 215-224 23 225-234 24 235-244 25 245-254 26 255-264 27 265-274 28 275-284 29 285-294 30 295-304 31 305-314 32 315-324 33 325-334 34 335-344 35 345-354 36 355-4 Code 17 SpSp - Special Phenomena Columns 60-63 - (Blank means none occurred.) the highest code figure was punched covering the previous 6 hours for each category when 2 or more kinds of phenomena were reported in one category. Code Description 1 Afterglow 2 Morningglow 3 Halo 4 Corona 5 Abnormal refraction 6 Mirage 7 St Elmos Fire 8 Aurora The highest code was punched when two of more types of optical phenomena were reported. Code 18 Sea Water Phenomena or Lithometers Column 61 Code Description 1 Disclosed water 2 Rip tide 3 Abnormal tide 4 Rip current 5 Dust fall 6 Fall of volcanic ash 7 Pumice 8 Marine volcano 9 Graupel Code 19 Disastrous Phenomena - Column 62 Code Description 1 High water 2 Squall 3 Tidal wave 4 Eye of storm 5 Water spout Code 20 Seaquake (Kaishin) - Rudolph Scaler Quantity Column 63 Code Description Remarks 1 Weak sound Cannot be felt on deck 2 Felt Man awakened from sleep 3 Very slight Felt as if heavy mass were dropped on deck 4 Slight Slight shock felt as if a heavy anchor was dropped rapidly 5 Moderate Shock felt as if the ship ran upon a coral reef or sand bar 6 Rather strong Cups, glasses, etc. are vibrated 7 Strong Unable to stand on deck 8 Very strong Furniture, mast, etc. are trembled, compass, thermometers may be broken. 9 Disastrous Ship is pushed to one side and cannot be navigated. X Very disastrous Men on deck are brought down, heavy objects are thrown upward, ship may be broken. None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Services Branch Mailing and physical

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