gov.noaa.ncdc:C00574 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Unknown Remote Sensing Image http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov Please be aware that NCDC has now combined this dataset in with NOAA Polar Orbiting Satellites, DS-3615 (C00573). Satellite Coral Bleaching Products is digital data set DSI-3621, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). This is oceanographic satellite data, which is provided by the Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution (OSDPD) of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). DSI-3621 includes the 50 km nighttime only Sea Surface Temperature (SST), SST anomaly, HotSpot and Degree Heating Weeks (DHWs). These products are designed to monitor and predict possible coral bleaching events. The HotSpot highlights regions of extreme warm water that can be harmful to coral reefs, where sea surface temperatures are at least 1 degree C above the maximum SST fromclimatology. The DHWs is allowed to accumulate when the HotSpot is above 1 degree C, and it is used to indicate the accumulated thermal stress that coral reefs experience. These satellite coral bleaching monitoring products are widely used and have been featured on national newscasts, National Geographic, public television, etc., and are extremely important to NOAA outreach to the public as well as coral reef and climate scientists and marine managers. The binary flat data file includes a header record and 12 data records. The header record is a 720 column integer (I x 2) array and contains the number of columns, number of rows, the oldest time of SST observations (month, day, year), the latest time of SST observations (month, day, year), starting Day of Year, current Day of Year, spatial resolution of grid points, minimum latitude, maximum latitude, minimum longitude, maximum longitude. The data record contains twelve integer arrays with dimensions of 720 x 331, which include nighttime only SST, SST anomaly, HotSpots, DHWs and the first and last Day of Year of HotSpots occur, number of observations, ages of most recent observation, reliability, physiographic descriptor and ice field. Currently, only NOAA-16 products are available in NCDC archive. These products are Level-4 products derived from the NESDIS 50 km nighttime only SST data. The climatology for SST anomalies, HotSpots and DHWs are derived from Multi-Channel SSTs (MCSSTs) reprocessed by the Rosenstiel Schoolof Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) of the University of Miami (Gleeson and Strong, 1995). These data are projected with the cylinder equal-distance projection. The satellite coral bleaching products are surface products that provide a global coverage. These data are produced twice a week and available since February 2003 at NCDC. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. Liu, G. W. Skirving A. E. Strong 20030101 EOS, in review. Wellington, G. M. P. W. Glynn A. E. Strong S. A. Navarrete E. Wieters D. Hubbard 20010101 EOS 82(1), 1 Strong, A.E. G. Liu T. Kimura H. Yamano M. Tsuchiya S.Kakuma R. van Woesik 20020101 Toronto, Canada 2002 IEEE Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp. and 24th Canadian Symp. Strong, A.E. C. B. Barrientos T. Kimura C. Duda J. Sapper 19970101 Panama City, Panama Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, p 1495-1498 Gleeson, M. W A. E. Strong 19950101 Adv. Space Res. 16(10), 10,151-10,154 data set C00574 AVHRR > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NOAA POES > NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites POES > Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A. E. Strong. 2003, Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Temperatures During the 2002 Great Barrier Reef Coral Bleaching Event. EOS, in review.Wellington, G. M., P. W. Glynn, A. E. Strong, S. A. Navarrete, E. Wieters, and D. Hubbard. 2001. Crisis on coral reefs linked to climate change. EOS, 82(1), 1. Strong, A.E., G. Liu, T. Kimura, H. Yamano, M. Tsuchiya, S.Kakuma, and R. van Woesik. 2002. Detecting and monitoring 2001 coral reef bleaching events in Ryukyu Islands, Japan using satellite bleaching HotSpot remote sensing technique. Proc. 2002 IEEE Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp. and 24th Canadian Symp. Remote Sensing, Toronto, Canada. Strong, A. E., C. B. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997. Improved satellite techniques for monitoring coral reef bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama City, Panama, p 1495-1498.Gleeson, M. W. and A. E. Strong, 1995. Applying MCSST to coral reef Bleaching. Adv. Space Res., 16(10), 10,151-10,154. 20030201 Present Ground Condition In work As Needed -180.0 179.75 85.0 -80.0 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 biota 002 oceans 014 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather Earth Sciences > Ocean > Oceanography GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ANIMAL TAXONOMY > CORALS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > SEA ICE CONCENTRATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE BIOLOGY > MARINE HABITAT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE BIOLOGY > MARINE INVERTEBRATES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN HEAT BUDGET > LONGWAVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > SEA ICE CONCENTRATION GCMD Earth Science Services EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES > Data Analysis And Visualization > Visualization/Image Processing GCMD Location Valids GLOBAL OCEAN GCMD Location Valids SEA SURFACE POES > Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites NOAA POES Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR 5 None None Since the coral bleaching products are Level-4 products that are derived from NESDIS 50 km nighttime only SST products, the quality of the products depends both on NESDIS 50km nighttime only SST and the SST climatology used. The current SST climatology is derived from Multi-Channel SSTs (MCSSTs) reprocessed by the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) of the University of Miami (Gleeson and Strong, 1995). Currently, no particular QC flags are assigned to the products. However, four data fields: number of observations, age of most recent observation, reliability and ice field, are included as quality reference flags for users. Note: The products are currently not used (not reliable) in areas where latitudes are beyond +/- 45 degree although the data set provides a global coverage. Unknown Completeness information not available. Unknown Unknown Table 1 Data Format of the Header Record Word#: 1 Byte#: 1-2 Description: Number of Columns Units: Integer Ranges: 720 Word#: 2 Byte#: 3-4 Description: Number of Rows Units: Integer Ranges: 331 Word#: 3** Byte#: 5-6** Description: Hour of Day (the ending time of SST observations)** Units: Integer** Ranges: 0-23** Word#: 4 Byte#: 7-8 Description: Month of Year (the ending time of SST observations)** Units: Integer Ranges: 1-12 Word#: 5 Byte#: 9-10 Description: Day of Month (the ending time of the SST observations)** Units: Integer Ranges: 1-31 Word#: 6 Byte#: 11-12 Description: Year (the ending time of the SST observations)** Units: Integer Ranges: 2003- Word#: 7** Byte#: 13-14** Description: Hour of Day (the starting time of SST observations) ** Units: Integer** Ranges: 0-23** Word#: 8 Byte#: 15-16 Description: Month of Year (the starting time of SST observations)** Units: Integer Ranges: 1-31 Word#: 9 Byte#: 17-18 Description: Day of Month (the starting time of SST observations)** Units: Integer Ranges: 1-31 Word#: 10 Byte#: 19-20 Description: Year (the starting time of SST observations)** Units: Integer Ranges: 2003- Word#: 11 Byte#: 21-22 Description: Starting Day of Year Units: Integer Ranges: 1-366 Word#: 12 Byte#: 23-24 Description: Ending Day of Year Units: Integer Ranges: 1-366 Word#: 13 Byte#: 25-26 Description: Spatial Resolution of Grid Points Units: Degree (x100) Ranges: 50 Word#: 14 Byte#: 27-28 Description: Minimum Latitude Units: Degree (x100) Ranges: -8000 Word#: 15 Byte#: 29-30 Description: Maximum Latitude Units: Degree (x100) Ranges: 8500 Word#: 16 Byte#: 31-32 Description: Minimum Longitude Units: Degree (x100) Ranges: -18000 Word#: 17 Byte#: 33-34 Description: Maximum Longitude Units: Degree (x100) Ranges: 17975 Table 2 Data Format of Data Records Record#: 1 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: Nighttime only SST Units: Degrees Celcius (x100)** Ranges: -210 to 4000 Record#: 2 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: SST anomaly Units: Degrees Celcius (x100)** Ranges: -32768 to 32767* Record#: 3 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: HotSpots Units: Degrees Celcius (x100)** Ranges: -32768 to 32767 Record#: 4 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: DHW's Units: Degrees Celcius (x100)** Ranges: -32768 to 32767 Record#: 5 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: The maximum HotSpot value during the last 12 weeks Units: Degrees Celcius (x100)** Ranges: -32768 to 32767 Record#: 6 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: The first Day of Year that HotSpots occur during the last 12 weeks Units: Day Ranges: 0 to 366 Record#: 7 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: The last Day of Year that HotSpots occur during the last 12 months Units: Day Ranges: 0 to 366 Record#: 8 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: Age of Most Recent Observations Units: Integer Ranges: 0-255 Record#: 9 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: Number of Observations Units: Hours Ranges: 0 to 255 Record#: 10 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: Reliability Units: Integer Ranges: 0 to 255 Record#: 11 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: Physiographic Descriptor Units: 0=sea; 1=land Ranges: 0 to 15 Record#: 12 Data Type: Integer (720x331) Description: Ice Field Units: Integer Ranges: 0 to 100 * No upper/lower limits (or QC flags) currently are put on these products ** A scaling factor of 100 has been used since July 9, 2005, Julian day 190 (starting with file NPR.STHS.NL.D05190). Prior to that date, a scaling factor of 10 was used. SST: Global 50 km nighttime only satellite-derived Sea surface temperatures. MINIMUM: -21 MAXIMUM: 400 UNITS: Degrees C SCALING FACTOR: 100 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The land flag = -8888***, the missing flag = -999.0 and ice flag = -9999.0. SST anomaly: 50km nighttime only sea surface temperature compared to the climatology. MINIMUM: no lower limit MAXIMUM: no upper limit UNITS: Degrees C SCALING FACTOR: 100 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The land flag = -8888***, the missing flag = -999.0 and ice flag = -9999.0. HotSpot: The HotSpot represents regions where SSTs are one degree greater than the maximum expected summer time temperature based on nighttime-only 50km SST climatology. MINIMUM: no lower limit MAXIMUM: no upper limit UNITS: Degrees C SCALING FACTOR: 100 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer(I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The land flag = -8888***, the missing flag = -999.0 and ice flag = -9999.0. DHWs: Accumulated HotSpot values during the last 12 weeks. DHW's are not allowed to accumulate with our method unless the sea surface temperature is at least 1 degree C above the maximum expected summertime temperature. Degree Heating Weeks (DHWs) are the accumulation of thermal stress that coral experience over the fixed time period (12 weeks). MINIMUM: no lower limit MAXIMUM: no upper limit UNITS: Degrees C SCALING FACTOR: 100 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The land flag = -8888***, the missing flag = -999.0 and ice flag = -9999.0. Max HotSpots: The maximum value of HotSpots that occurs during the last 12 weeks. MINIMUM: no lower limit MAXIMUM: no upper limit UNITS: Degrees C SCALING FACTOR: 100 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The missing flag = -999.0 and ice flag = -9999.0. THE FIRST DAY OF YEAR: The first day of year that HotSpots occur during the past 12 weeks. MINIMUM: 1 MAXIMUM: 366 UNITS: day SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The zero is assigned to the area at which no HotSpots observed. THE LAST DAY OF YEAR: The last day of year that the HotSpots occur during the past 12 weeks. MINIMUM: 1 MAXIMUM: 366 UNITS: day SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. The zero is assigned to the area at which no HotSpots observed. AGE OF MOST RECENT OBSERVATION: The age, in hours before the time of the analysis, of the most recent observations used to determined sea surface temperature for a grid box. MINIMUM: 0 MAXIMUM: 255 UNITS: SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS: The total number of current observations used in the analysis of sea surface temperature for the grid box. MINIMUM: 0 MAXIMUM: 255 UNITS: integer SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. RELIABILITY: Data quality flags that indicate uncertainties of 50 km nighttime only SST analysis. Larger values indicate higher reliability. MINIMUM: 0 MAXIMUM: 255 UNITS: integer SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. PHYSIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTOR: The land/sea tag that indicates whether a grid intersection is a land or sea point. MINIMUM: 0 MAXIMUM: 15 UNITS: integer SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. ICE FIELD: Percent sea ice for 50 km nighttime only SST analysis. MINIMUM: 0 MAXIMUM: 100 UNITS: integer SCALING FACTOR: 1 (physical values = data/scaling factor) DOMAIN: A 2-D integer (I*2) array with dimensions of 720x331. ***Since July 9, 2005, Julian day 190 (starting with file NPR.STHS.NL.D05190) the land flag is -8888. Prior to that date, the land flag was -99. None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov DSI-3621 Every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of current NOAA quality control procedures. NOAA can only certify that the data provided to its customers is an authentic copy of the records which were accepted for inclusion in NOAA archives. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. 20070613 20070613 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002