gov.noaa.ncdc:C00588 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Unknown remote-sensing image http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov http://www.nsidc.org/data/g02158.html http://www.nsidc.org/data/g02158.html http U.S. Daily Snow Cover Grids is digital data set DSI-9940, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). SNOw Data AssimilationSystem (SNODAS) is a modeling and data assimilation system developed by the NOAA National Weather Services National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC). Its purpose is to provide the best possible estimates of snow cover and associated variables to support hydrologic modeling and analysis. The aim of SNODAS is to provide a physically consistent framework to integrate snow data from satellite and airborne platforms, and ground stations with model estimates of snow cover. SNODAS includes procedures to ingest and downscale output form Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models; a physically based, spatially-distributed energy-and mass-balance snow model; and procedures to assimilate satellite-derived, airborne and ground-based observations of snow covered area and snow water equivalent. The snow model has high spatial (1 km) and temporal (1 hour) resolutions and is run for the conterminous United States. SNODAS is run each day, forced by downscaled output from the RUC2 NWP model. Each day, analysts decide whether or not to use remote sensing and ground based observations to update the snow water equivalent state in the model. Difference fields between model and observed snow water equivalent are generated. The model is then re-run for the last 6 hours of the hindcast step using scaled difference fields to 'nudge' model estimates of the snow water equivalent estimates. A 12 hour forecast of snow cover is then made using NWP output. The variables included in this archive are: Snow water equivalent, Snow depth, Snow melt runoff at the base of snow pack, Sublimation from the snow pack, Sublimation of blowing snow, Solid precipitation, Liquid precipitation, and Snow pack average temperature. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. Jordan, R. 19900101 CRRL Special Report 91-16 64p Barret, A.P. G.H.Leavesley R.L.Viger A.W.Nolin M.P.Clark 20010101 M.Owe K.Brubaker J.Ritchie A.Rango 20000101 IAHS Special Publ 267 p569-573 Benjamin, S.G. J.M.Brown J.Ritchie K.J.Brundage D.Devenji G.A.Grell D.Kim B.E.Schwartz T.G. Smirnova T.L.Smith S. Weygandt G.S.Manikin 20020101 NWS Technical Procedures Bulletin 490 p569-573 Bitner, D. T. Carroll D. Cline P. Romanov 20020101 Proceedings of the 70th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference. Carroll, T. D.Cline G.Fall A.Nilsson L.Li A.Rost 20010101 Proceedings of the 69th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference, p 1-14. data set C00588 AVHRR > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer MODIS > MODERATE-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER SNOW MEASURING ROD AQUA > Earth Observing System, AQUA NOAA POES > NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites TERRA > Earth Observing System, TERRA (AM-1) WEATHER STATIONS POES > Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Barret, A.P., G.H.Leavesley, R.L.Viger, A.W.Nolin and M.P.Clark. 2001. A comparison of satellite derived and modeled snow covered area for a mountain drainage basin. In M.Owe, K.Brubaker, J.Ritchie and A.Rango (Eds)Remote Sensing and Hydrology 2000, IAHS Special Publ. 267, p569-573.Benjamin, S.G., J.M.Brown, K.J.Brundage, D.Devenji, G.A.Grell, D.Kim, B.E.Schwartz, T.G. Smirnova, T.L.Smith, S. Weygandt, and G.S.Manikin, 2002: RUC20-The 20-km version of the Rapid Update Cycle. NWS Technical ProceduresBulletin No. 490.Bitner, D., T. Carroll, D. Cline, P. Romanov. 2002. An assessment of the differences between three satellites snow cover mapping techniques.Proceedings of the 70th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference.Carroll, T., D.Cline, G.Fall, A.Nilsson, L.Li and A.Rost. 2001. NOHRSCOperations and the Simulation of Snow Cover Properties for the ConterminousU.S. Proceedings of the 69th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference,p1-14.Jordan, R. 1990. A one-dimensional temperature model for a snow cover; technical documentation for SNTHERM.89. CRRL Special Report 91-16, 64p. http://www.nsidc.org/data/g02158.html 20031001 Present Ground Condition In work As Needed -125.0 -66.0 50.0 24.0 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 elevation 006 inlandWaters 012 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather Earth Sciences > Land > Hydrology GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW MELT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW/ICE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW MELT EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW/ICE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > SUBLIMATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > LIQUID WATER EQUIVALENT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > SNOW EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT GCMD Location Valids UNITED STATES GCMD Location Valids LAND SURFACE POES > Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites NOAA POES Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR TERRA > Earth Observing System (EOS), TERRA Earth Observing System, TERRA (AM-1) TERRA MODERATE-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS AQUA > Earth Observing System (EOS), AQUA Earth Observing System, AQUA AQUA MODERATE-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS WEATHER STATIONS SNOW MEASURING ROD 5 None None Not provided Unknown Completeness information not available. Unknown Unknown Potential users may want data as flat binary files, quick-look style images or in a format that can be ingested directly into GIS. Currently, SNODAS output is stored in flat binary files with a corresponding header file.Binary files can be read by user-written routines (e.g. Fortran and C programs), off the shelf image processing packages such as ENVI, IDL, MATLAB and ERDAS IMAGINE, and by GIS and other mapping packages such as GMT, GRASS and ARC/INFO. The header files written contain information to georegister grids contained by the binary files.Almost all GIS packages have tools to read binary grids. An example of one suchtool is ARC/INFOs imagegrid tool. This tool ingest binary grids into ARC/INFOsGRID data format. Imagegrid requires a separate header file that contains grid dimensions and georegistration information. All of this information is includedin the header file that correspond to SNODAS output grids. Other GIS packages have similar tools. NSDIC may consider adding a help page for GIS users to read binary data into their chosen GIS package. Scripts or GIS specific macros to extract header information required by GIS packages would enhance the usability of flat binary SNODAS output for GIS users. Alternatively NSIDC may consider providing SNODAS fields directly in GIS package formats. None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov DSI-9940 Every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of current NOAA quality control procedures. NOAA can only certify that the data provided to its customers is an authentic copy of the records which were accepted for inclusion in NOAA archives. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. 20060627 20060627 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002