gov.noaa.csc.maps:2004_FL_SWFWMD_Pasco_m62 Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) 20050510 Charleston, SC NOAA's Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) http://csc-s-maps-q.csc.noaa.gov/dataviewer/viewer.html This metadata record describes the ortho & lidar mapping of Pasco County, FL. The mapping consists of lidar data collected using a Leica ALS-40 Lidar Sensor, contour generation, and production of natural color orthophotography with a 30-cm GSD using imagery collected with a Leica ADS-40 Aerial Digital Camera. The purpose of this mapping project is to create and deliver digital terrain models (DTM), capable of generating one-foot contours and to produce orthophotography at a 200' scale. The Pasco County Lidar Evaluation Report may be viewed at: ftp://ftp.csc.noaa.gov/pub/crs/beachmap/qa_docs/fl/swfwmd 20040123 20040515 Publication Date Complete Unknown -082.815369 -082.049150 28.483110 28.166952 ISO 19115 Topic Category Elevation EDI Thesaurus Bathymetry/Topography Aerial Photography LIDAR Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Contours Digital Orthophotography Geographic Names Information System United States Florida Southwest Florida Gulf Coast Pasco County None Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Southwest Florida Water Management District Steve Dicks Mailing and physical address

2379 Broad Street

Brooksville Florida 34604 USA 352-796-7211 The generated contours were NOT produced to be fully compliant with NSSDA accuracy standards for 2' contours. Contours were generated from lidar DTM as is without the benefit of photogrammetric breakline support. Lidar elevation data meets National Map Accuracy Standards. The digital orthophotography meets national mapping accuracy standards for 200 scale product. Compliance with the accuracy standard was ensured by the placement of GPS ground control prior to the acquisition of aerial photography. The following checks were performed. 1. The ground control and airborne GPS data stream were validated through a fully analytical bundle aerotriangulation adjustment. The residuals of the adjustment met the required standards for accuracy which are 1 part in 10,000 of the flying height for the horizontal position (X and Y) and 1 part in 9,000 or better of the flying height in elevation (Z). 2. The DTM (Digital Terrain Model) data were checked against the project control. The technician visited and confirmed the accuracy of the project mass points during initial processing. 3. Digital orthophotography was validated through an inspection of edge matching and visual inspection for image quality. The following software is used for validation of the 1. Aerotriangulation - ISTAR Processing 2. DTM data - Z/I Imaging SSK 3. Digital Orthophotography - Z/I Imaging OrthoPro The digital orthophotos fully comply with NMAS standards for production of orthophotos at a horizontal natural ratio of 1 to 2,400 with a ground pixel resolution of 1 foot. Compiled to meet 1.1 m horizontal accuracy at the 95% confidence level. The digital elevation model is fully compliant with National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) published by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) in 1998. The NSSDA uses root-mean-square error (RMSE) to estimate positional accuracy. RMSE is the square root of the average of the set of squared differences between data set coordinate values and coordinate values from an independent source of higher accuracy for identical points. Accuracy is reported in ground distances at the 95% confidence level. Accuracy reported at the 95% confidence level means that 95% of the positions in the data set will have an error with respect to true ground position that is equal to or smaller than the reported accuracy value. The reported accuracy value reflects all uncertainties, including those introduced by geodetic control coordinates, compilation, and final computation of ground coordinate values in the product. RMSE for the Lidar data is 11.064 cm. Kevin J. Chappell 20040421 Diagram 1200 Electronic mail system 20040428 Ground Condition Ground Control Kevin Chappell, a Florida PSM, under contract to EarthData International established 10 photo identifiable ground control points and 6 National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) stations after aerial imagery acquisition. The points were surveyed using GPS for both vertical and horizontal coordinate values. Ground control references Florida West State Plane NAD83, NAVD88 both in Meters. EarthData Aviation, LLC 20040208 Profile Firewire Drive 20040203 20040208 Ground Condition Digital Aerial Photography The digital aerial photographic mission was composed of a total of 2 lifts of flight lines. Photography was obtained at an altitude of 9,450 feet above mean terrain. Digital photography was recorded in conjunction with airborne GPS; the stationary GPS receiver was positioned over a control point located at the airport. Recorded digital imagery was shipped via external hard drive to the production facility for processing. EarthData Aviation 20040515 Profile Firewire Drive 20040123 20040515 Publication Date Lidar Acquisition The lidar acquisition for Pasco County consisted of 2 lifts of flight lines acquired in 3 sorties using the Leica ALS40 sensor. The third sortie was used to fill gaps in the data coverage from the first two sorties. The data was acquired at a flying height of 6,000 feet AMT with a scan rate of 13 Hz and a 25 degree field of view. Approximately 3.04 billion raw lidar points were collected at a nominal 2 meter post spacing. New ground control was established to control and orient the photography, and included only photo-identifiable features. The ground control network and airborne GPS data was integrated into a rigid network through the completion of a fully analytical bundle aerotriangulation adjustment. 1. The digital aerial photo data was ingested into the ISTAR processing system by uploading the data from portable hard drives. 2. The coverage of the imagery was checked for gaps and a directory tree structure for the project was established on one of the workstations. This project was then accessed by other workstations through the network. The criteria used for establishment of the directory structure and file naming conventions accessed through the network avoids confusion or errors due to inconsistencies in digital data. The project area was reviewed against the client-approved boundary. The technician verified that the datum and units of measurement for the supplied control were consistent with the project requirements. 3. The photogrammetric technician performed an automatic triangulation of the data using the ISTAR processing system. The aerotriangulation adjustment merged the airborne GPS, IMU, and ground control data into a project-wide network. 4. While ground control points (GCPs) were used, reliance on the GPS-/IMU-derived orientation parameters required significantly fewer GCPs than are typically used in aerotriangulation. 5. The adjustment was performed for each sortie and then multiple sorties were merged to produce a project-wide adjustment. 6. The aerotriangulation component of the ISTAR suite utilized the airborne GPS as a separate control source and held the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) parameters rigidly. 7. The accuracy of the final solution was verified by running the final adjustment, placing no constraints on any quality control points. The RMSE values for these points must fall within the tolerances above for the solution to be acceptable. Aerotriangulation ISTAR 20040930 AT ISTAR EarthData International Harold Rempel Senior Project Manager mailing and physical address

7320 Executive Way

Frederick Maryland 21704 301-948-8550 metadata@earthdata.com EarthData has developed a unique method for processing lidar data to identify and remove elevation points falling on vegetation, buildings, and other aboveground structures. The algorithms for filtering data were utilized within EarthData's proprietary software and commercial software written by TerraSolid. This software suite of tools provides efficient processing for small to large-scale, projects and has been incorporated into ISO 9001 compliant production work flows. The following is a step-by-step breakdown of the process. 1. Using the lidar data set provided by EarthData, the technician performs calibrations on the data set. 2. Using the lidar data set provided by EarthData, the technician performed a visual inspection of the data to verify that the flight lines overlap correctly. The technician also verified that there were no voids, and that the data covered the project limits. The technician then selected a series of areas from the data set and inspected them where adjacent flight lines overlapped. These overlapping areas were merged and a process which utilizes 3-D Analyst and EarthData's proprietary software was run to detect and color code the differences in elevation values and profiles. The technician reviewed these plots and located the areas that contained systematic errors or distortions that were introduced by the lidar sensor. 3. Systematic distortions highlighted in step 2 were removed and the data was re-inspected. Corrections and adjustments can involve the application of angular deflection or compensation for curvature of the ground surface that can be introduced by crossing from one type of land cover to another. 4. The lidar data for each flight line was trimmed in batch for the removal of the overlap areas between flight lines. The data was checked against a control network to ensure that vertical requirements were maintained. Conversion to the client-specified datum and projections were then completed. The lidar flight line data sets were then segmented into adjoining tiles for batch processing and data management. 5. The initial batch-processing run removed 95% of points falling on vegetation. The algorithm also removed the points that fell on the edge of hard features such as structures, elevated roadways and bridges. 6. The operator interactively processed the data using lidar editing tools. During this final phase the operator generated a TIN based on a desired thematic layer to evaluate the automated classification performed in step 5. This allowed the operator to quickly re-classify points from one layer to another and recreate the TIN surface to see the effects of edits. Geo-referenced images were toggled on or off to aid the operator in identifying problem areas. The data was also examined with an automated profiling tool to aid the operator in the reclassification. 7. The data were separated into a bare-earth DEM. A grid-fill program was used to fill data voids caused by reflective objects such as buildings and vegetation. The final DEM was written to an ASCII XYZ and LAS format. 8. The reflective surface data were also delivered in ASCII XYZ and LAS format. 9. Final TIN files are created and delivered. Lidar 20040817 Lidar Harold Rempel EarthData International Senior Project Manager Mailing and physical address

7320 Executive Way

Frederick Maryland 21704 USA 301-948-8550 metadata@earthdata.com This process describes the method used to compile hydro-breaklines to support H&H modeling efforts. The technical method used to produce hydro-breaklines for use in this project only included water features and they should not be confused with traditional stereo-graphic or field survey derived breaklines. Watershed Concepts and EarthData utilized techniques developed for FEMA floodmap modernization projects to synthesize 3D break lines using digital orthophotos and lidar data. 1. For larger streams (widths greater than 50 feet), breaklines were collected on the left and right water edge lines. The 2D lines defining streams and other water bodies were manually digitized into ArcView shape file format from the ADS-40 digital imagery. Flat water bodies such as ponds were collected by examining points near the edge of water, were a low point could be quickly identified. This allowed the operators to draw an even-elevation breakline at that elevation around the water body's perimeter. 2. A bounding polygon, created from the edge of bank lines, was used to remove all lidar points from within the channels of streams and bodies of water. This step ensures that the lidar bare-earth point files match the breaklines. 3. The elevation component of the 3D streamlines (breaklines) was derived from the lowest adjacent bare earth lidar point and was adjusted to ensure that the streams flow downstream. The best elevation that can be derived for the 3D streamlines will be the water surface elevation on the date that the lidar data was acquired. 4. Automatic processes assigned elevations to the vertices of the centerline based on surrounding lidar points. The lines were then smoothed to ensure a continuous downhill flow. Edge-of-bank vertices were adjusted vertically to match the stream centerline vertices. 5. The new 3D lines were then viewed in profile to correct any anomalous vertices or remove errant points from the lidar DTM, which cause unrealistic "spikes" or "dips" in the breaklines. 6. For this project, hydro breaklines were generated in the matter described above for all streams and water bodies. a) A 2000 to identify any quality issues. b) An automated routine was run to check the data for closure of water bodies. c) An evaporation routine was run to remove lidar points from water bodies. d) A final routine was run to check the generate TINs for anomalies including outside township/range boundary and elevation extremes. 7. New TINs were then created from the remaining lidar points and newly created breaklines. 8. The breakline data set was then put into an ESRI shape file format 9. The 1 foot contours were generated in Microstation (using 2 foot specifications) with an overlay software package called TerraSolid. Within TerraSolid, the module Terramodeler was utilized to first create the tin and then a color relief was created to view for any irregularities before the contour generator was run. The contours were checked for accuracy over the DTM and then the Index contours were annotated. At this point the technician identified any areas of heavy tree coverage by collecting obscure shapes. Any contours that were found within these shapes are coded as obscure. The data set was viewed over the orthos before the final conversion. The contours were then converted to Arc/Info where final QC AMLs were run to verify that no contours were crossing. The contours were delivered in ESRI .shp format as a merged file. <<Due to the nature of the breaklines collected in accordance with FEMA guidelines, the contours do not meet any specified accuracy requirement and are delivered as is. >> Breaklines Contours 20050415 Breaklines Contours EarthData International Harold Rempel Senior Project Manager mailing and physical address

7320 Executive Way

Frederick Maryland 21704 301-948-8550 metadata@earthdata.com The digital orthophotography was produced in natural color at a natural ratio of 1 to 2,400 with a 1 ft pixel resolution. A step-by-step breakdown of the digital orthophoto production process follows. 1. Digital image swath files were visually checked for image quality on the networked ISTAR processing farm. 2. The digital image files were loaded onto the digital orthophoto production workstation. The following information was then loaded onto the workstation. - The camera parameters and flight line direction - Ground control and pass point locations - The exterior orientation parameters from the aerotriangulation process - ASCII file containing the corner coordinates of the orthophotos - The digital elevation model. - Project-specific requirements such as final tile size and resolution. -Orientation parameters developed from the aerotriangulation solution. A coordinate transformation based on the camera calibration fiducial coordinates was then undertaken. This transformation allowed the conversion of every measured element of the images to a sample/line location. Each pixel in an image was then referenced by sample and line (its horizontal and vertical position) and matched to project control. 3. The newly re-sected image was visually checked for pixel drop-out and/or other artifacts that may degrade the final orthophoto image. 4. DTM data were imported and written to the correct subdirectory on disk. 5. The DTM file was re-inspected for missing or erroneous data points. 6. A complete differential rectification was carried out using a cubic convolution algorithm that removed image displacement due to topographic relief, tip and tilt of the aircraft at the moment of exposure, and radial distortion within the camera. Each final orthophoto was produced at a natural scale of 1 to 2,400 with a 1ft pixel resolution. At this point in the process, the digital orthophotos covered the full aerial frame. 7. Each digital orthophoto image was visually checked for accuracy on the workstation screen. Selected control points (control panels or photo-identifiable points) that are visible on the original film were visited on the screen, and the X and Y coordinates of the location of the panel or photo-identifiable point were measured. This information was cross-referenced with the X and Y information provided by the original ground survey. If the orthophoto did not meet or exceed NMAS standards, the rectification was regenerated. The digital orthophotos were then edge-matched using proprietary software that runs in Z/I Imaging OrthoPro software package. Adjoining images were displayed in alternating colors of red and cyan. In areas of exact overlap, the image appears in gray-scale rendition. Offsets were colored red or cyan, depending on the angle of displacement. The operator panned down each overlap line at a map scale to inspect the overlap area. Any offset exceeding accuracy standards was re-rectified after the DTM and AT information was rechecked. 8. Once the orthos were inspected and approved for accuracy, the files were copied to the network and downloaded by the ortho finishing department. This production unit was charged with radiometrically correcting the orthophotos prior to completing the mosaicking and clipping of the final tiles. The image processing technician performed a histogram analysis of several images that contained different land forms (urban, agricultural, forested, etc.) and established a histogram that best preserves detail in highlight and shadow areas. EarthData International has developed a proprietary piece of software called "Image Dodging." This radiometric correction algorithm was utilized in batch and interactive modes. Used in this fashion, this routine eliminated density changes due to sun angle and changes in flight direction. A block of images were processed through image dodging, in batch mode and displayed using Z/I Imaging OrthoPro software. At this point the images have been balanced internally, but there are global differences in color and brightness that were adjusted interactively. The technician assigned correction values for each orthophoto then displayed the corrected files to assess the effectiveness of the adjustment. This process was repeated until the match was considered near seamless. The files then were returned to digital orthophoto production to mosaic the images. 9. The processed images were mosaicked using the Z/I Imaging software. The mosaic lines were set up interactively by the technician and were placed in areas that avoided buildings, bridges, elevated roadways, or other features that would highlight the mosaic lines. File names were assigned. 10.The finishing department performed final visual checks for orthophoto image quality. The images were inspected using Adobe Photoshop, which enabled the technician to remove dust and lint from the image files interactively. Depending on the size and location of the flaw, Photoshop provided several tools to remove the flaw. Interactive removal of dust was accomplished at high magnification so that repairs are invisible. 11.The final orthophoto images were written out into GeoTIFF format. Digital Orthophotos 20040915 Orthos EarthData International Harold Rempel Senior Project Manager mailing and physical address

7320 Executive Way

Frederick Maryland 21704 301-948-8550 metadata@earthdata.com The NOAA Coastal Services Center (CSC) received the files in LAS format. The files contained Lidar elevation measurements. The data was in Florida State Plane Projection and NAVD88 vertical datum. CSC performed the following processing to the data to make it available within the LDART Retrieval Tool (LDART): 1. The data were converted from Florida State Plane West coordinates to geographic coordinates. 2. The data were converted from NAVD88 (orthometric) heights to GRS80 (ellipsoid) heights using Geoid03. 3. The LAS data were sorted by latitude and the headers were updated. 20080125 Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Coastal Elevation Mapping (CEM) Project Scientist Mailing and physical address

2234 South Hobson Ave.

Charleston SC 29405-2413 843-740-1200 tcm@csc.noaa.gov The NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) received Lidar data files on external harddrive. The disk contains LiDAR data from the NOAA Coastal Services Center. The data are currently being served via Digital Coastl at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/. The data can be used to re-populate the system. The data are provided on this disk in LAS format. LAS format is an industry standard for serving LiDAR data. The data are exclusively in geographic coordinates, however, the datums used vary. Most are NAD 83, however some are in ITRF. Vertical systems include both ellipsoid (ITRF and NAD 83) and NAVD 88. For NAVD 88 values, Geiod 03 is primarily used; however, data received in NAVD 88 prior to 2003 was processed using Geoid 99. 20090720 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Pamela Grothe Mailing and Physical Address

NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC1 325 Broadway

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-6120 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 pamela.grothe@noaa.gov 7:30-5:00 Mountain Contact Data Center 0 Point 0.000000001 0.000000001 Decimal degrees North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 Ellipsoid 0.001 Meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) CEM Project Scientist Mailing and physical address

2234 South Hobson Ave.

Charleston SC 29405-2413 843-740-1200 tcm@csc.noaa.gov Downloadable Data Any conclusions drawn for the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of the Coastal Services Center or its partners. This data can be obtained on-line at the following URL: http://csc-s-maps-q.csc.noaa.gov/dataviewer/viewer.html DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Pamela Grothe Mailing and Physical Address

NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC1 325 Broadway

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-6120 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 pamela.grothe@noaa.gov 7:30-5:00 Mountain Contact Data Center Disclaimer While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. The National Geophysical Data Center serves as the archive for this LIDAR data. NGDC should only be contacted for this data if it cannot be obtained from NOAA Coastal Services Center. 20111119 20111119 20121119 Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) CEM Project Scientist Mailing and physical address

2234 South Hobson Ave.

Charleston SC 29405-2413 843-740-1200 tcm@csc.noaa.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998