gov.noaa.csc.maps:2005_CA_Apr_m52 Southern California Beach Processes Study (SCBPS)/Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) part of Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in cooperation with Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin. 20050728 Charleston, SC NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC) quad names (from north to south): Long Beach, Los Alamitos, Long Beach OE S, Seal Beach, Newport Beach, Newport Beach OE S, Laguna Beach, San Juan Capistrano, Dana Point, San Clemente, San Onofre Bluff, Las Pulgas Canyon, Oceanside, San Luis Rey, Encinitas, Del Mar OE W, Del Mar, La Jolla OE W, La Jolla, Point Loma OE W, Point Loma, Imperial Beach OE W http://csc-s-maps-q.csc.noaa.gov/dataviewer/viewer.html This data set contains lidar point data (latitude/longitude) from a strip of Southern California coastline (including water, beach, cliffs, and top of cliffs) from Long Beach to the US/Mexico border. The data set was created by combining data collected using an Optech Inc. Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) 1225 in combination with geodetic quality Global Positioning System (GPS) airborne and ground-based receivers. The Bureau of Economic Geology, the University of Texas at Austin owns and operates an ALTM 1225 system (serial number 99d118). The system was installed in a twin engine Partenavia P-68 Observer (tail number N6602L) owned and operated by Aspen Helicopter, Inc. The lidar data set described by this document was collected on 4 and 8 April 2005; Julian Days 09405 and 09805 (see Lineage, Source_Information, Source_Contribution for pass information). 99d118 instrument settings for these flights were; laser pulse rate: 25kHz, scanner rate: 26Hz, scan angle: +/- 20deg, beam divergence: narrow, altitude: 900-1100m AGL, and ground speed: 100-125kts. Three GPS base stations (Seal Beach, Dana Point, and Point Loma, see Lineage, Source_Information, Source_Contribution for coordinates) operated during the survey. Data represented is all points including terrain, vegetation, and structures. This data also contains returns from the water surface. No processing has been done to remove returns from terrain, vegetation, structures or water surfaces. The data described in this document will be compared with previous and forthcoming data sets to determine rates of shoreline change along the Southern California coastline. The SCBPS program is designed to improve the understanding of beach sand transport by waves and currents, thus improving local and regional coastal management. The ALTM 1225 (SN#99d118) lidar instrument has the following specifications: operating altitude = 410-2,000 m AGL; maximum laser pulse rate = 25 kHz; laser scan angle = variable from 0 to +/-20deg from nadir; scanning frequency = variable, 28 Hz at the 20deg scan angle; and beam divergence: narrow = 0.2 milliradian (half angle, 1/e). The ALTM 1225 does not digitize and record the waveform of the laser reflection, but records the range and backscatter intensity of the first and last laser reflection using a constant-fraction discriminator and two Timing Interval Meters (TIM). ALTM elevation points are computed using three sets of data: laser ranges and their associated scan angles, platform position and orientation information, and calibration data and mounting parameters (Wehr and Lohr, 1999). Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in the aircraft and on the ground provide platform positioning. The GPS receivers record pseudo-range and phase information for post-processing. Platform orientation information comes from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) containing three orthogonal accelerometers and gyroscopes. An aided-Inertial Navigation System (INS) solution for the aircraft_??s attitude is estimated from the IMU output and the GPS information. Wehr, A. and U. Lohr, 1999, Airborne laser scanning - an introduction and overview, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 54, no.2-3, pp.68-82. 20050404 20050408 ground condition Complete None planned, as needed -118.205345 -117.128845 33.768786 32.562486 ISO 19115 Topic Category Elevation none shoreline beach Bathymetry/Topography lidar laser point file Latitude Longitude intensity none US California San Diego Pacific Ocean none 2005 April none Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of it's limitations. SCBPS/CDIP, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Julie Thomas/Randy Bucciarelli Project Managers mailing address

9500 Gilman Drive

La Jolla CA 92093-0214 United States 858-534-3032 858-455-5575 0800-1700 PST Monday-Friday also available at www.cdip.ucsd.edu SCBPS/CDIP is jointly funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. The initial data are collected by Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin: R. Gutierrez and T. Hepner. Center for Space Research, The University of Texas at Austin: A. Neuenschwander. Data are further classified and processed by the SCBPS group, located at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Not Applicable Data were edited by an automated method to remove obvious outliers above a threshold of 150m. Selected portions from each lidar data set (last return only) were used to generate a 1m x 1m digital elevation model (DEM). Data estimated to have a horizontal accuracy of 0.01-0.03m from ground surveys using kinematic GPS techniques were superimposed on the lidar DEM and examined for any mismatch between the horizontal position of the ground GPS and the corresponding feature on the lidar DEM. Horizontal agreement between the ground kinematic GPS and the lidar was within the resolution of the 1m x 1m DEM. The April 2005 lidar data were compared to the 1998 ATM LIDAR data to determine offsets in the vertical position. The ATM survey points are estimated to have a vertical accuracy of +/- 15 cm. The April 2005 lidar data set was sorted to find data points that fell within 0.5 m of an ATM LIDAR survey point along piers in the survey area. The mean elevation difference between the April 2005 survey and the ATM survey was used to estimate and remove an elevation bias from the lidar. The standard deviation of these elevation differences provides estimates of the lidar precision. The bias was removed so that mean lidar elevations have a vertical accuracy of 0.10 m. Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin 20050408 digital file 20050404 20050408 ground condition LIDAR raw lidar data from ALTM 1225 (all times UTC) 09405 Pass A (Oceanside to Dana Point) = 19:19-19:36 Pass B (Dana Point to Mexico) = 19:39-20:17 Pass C (Point Loma to Mexico) = 20:28-20:34 Pass D (Mexico to Dana Point) = 20:36-21:00 and 21:12-21:35 Pass E (Oceanside to La Jolla) = 21:45-21:59 Pass F (La Jolla to Oceanside) = 22:02 to 22:14 Calibration Passes = 21:02-21:11 09805 Pass G (Oceanside to Long Beach) = 21:37-22:20 Pass H (Long Beach to Dana Point) = 22:23-22:41 Pass I (Dana Point to Long Beach) = 22:45-23:06 Pass J (Long Beach to Dana Point) = 23:12-23:29 Calibration Passes = 23:34-23:47 Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin 20040508 digital file 20050404 20050408 ground condition GPS air and ground GPS files base station coordinates Easting, Northing, HAE in NAD83, Zone 11 (Latitude, Longitude): Seal Beach (SEAL) = 399189.009, 3733584.462, -27.9778 (N 33 44 15.0510, W 118 5 17.8191) Dana Point (DANA) = 434087.529, 3702982.315, 52.1756 (N 33 27 51.3542, W 117 42 33.5246) Point Loma (LOMA) = 477398.387, 3614791.668, 90.1348 (N 32 40 14.01098, W 117 14 27.79485) GPS and XYZ-Point Data Processing The National Geodetic Survey's PAGES-NT software was used to compute double differenced, ionospherically corrected, static GPS solutions for each GPS base station with precise ephemeredes from the International GPS Service (IGS). As part of the solution tropospheric zenith delays were estimated and L1 and L2 phase biases were fixed as integers. Aircraft trajectories were estimated with respect to all base stations using National Geodetic Survey's Kinematic and Rapid-Static Software (KARS) software. Trajectories were double-differenced, ionospherically corrected, bias-fixed GPS solutions computed with precise IGS ephemeredes. Coordinates for base stations and trajectories were in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 (ITRF00). The aircraft trajectory were transformed from the ITRF00 to North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) using the Horizontal Time Dependent Positioning (HDTP) software (Snay, 1999) The 1Hz GPS trajectory and 50Hz aircraft inertial measurement unit (IMU) data were combined in Applanix's POSProc version 2.1.4 to compute an aided inertial navigation solution (INS) and a 50Hz, smoothed best estimate of trajectory (SBET) for day 09405. On the second day of data collection (09805), due to an equipment problem, the IMU data was recorded with random data gaps onto the ALTM1225 hard drive. Because of these data gaps, the post-processed INS and SBET for 09805 was judged not acceptable. The 1Hz aircraft trajectory computed with KARS and the real-time, aided INS solution from POS-AV provided better results. The SBET (09405) and KARS trajectory (09805), laser range observations, scanner position information, and GPS/internal clock files were processed in Realm 2.27 software suite to generate lidar data points in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. Lidar point data were compared to GPS ground survey data and 1998 ATM lidar data to estimate lidar instrument calibration parameters: roll and pitch biases, scanner scale factor, and first/last return elevation biases. An iterative, least-squares methodology was used to estimate calibration parameters so as to minimize differences between lidar and ground GPS data. Samples of lidar data were used to create high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM); these DEM were inspected for horizontal or vertical anomalies. After system calibration and initial quality control step, the adjusted lidar x,y,z-point data were generated by REALM software and output in UTM, zone 11 with elevations being heights above the GRS-80 reference ellipsoid (HAE). The output format from REALM 2.27 was a 9-column ASCII file containing: the second in the GPS week, easting, northing and HAE of the first lidar return, the easting, northing and HAE of the last lidar return, and the laser backscatter intensity of the first and last returns. Each record contains 9 columns of data: time tag (seconds in the GPS week), first return Easting, first return Northing, first return NAVD88, last return Easting, last return Northing, last return NAVD88, first return intensity, and last return intensity. In some cases either the first or last return values may be missing (5 columns). Data Classification Processing The classification of the lidar point data was accomplished with algorithms developed at the Center for Space Research and implemented by C++ code running on PC computer using the LINUX operating system. The ASCII lidar files were converted into binary and concatenated into a processing database. Data were separated into ground and non-ground points using a lower envelope follower (LEF). A lower envelope detector is an electronic circuit used to recover information in an Amplitude Modulated (AM) signal and the concept was adapted to the problem of extracting the ground surface from the lidar signal by creating a computer analog: the lower envelope follower (LEF) The LEF was used to detect ground points, or seeds, which include pixels located on open ground or on the ground surface beneath vegetation penetrated by the laser, but excludes buildings and vegetation. The LEF operation does not detect some ground surface areas with low gradients, so detected ground pixels are augmented using an adaptive gradient flood fill procedure. The adaptive threshold value is determined as a function of surface roughness and topographic relief. The adaptive gradient flood fill procedure results in a ground mask which is used to parse individual lidar points into ground or non-ground files. In some instances, hand editing is required to ensure accuracy of the ground mask. This includes the addition of seed points along topographic ridges or removal of buildings not detected during previous steps. The 9-column binary dataset was pushed through the ground mask and each lidar point is classified as either ground or non-ground depending on its elevation with respect to a threshold above or below the estimated ground surface. Buildings are included as non-ground points. The final ground-only data points were parsed converted back into ASCII format. Using the GEOID99 geoid model, heights above the GRS80 ellipsoid were converted to orthometric heights with respect to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The final step was parsing the data into quarter quadrangles. GPS, LIDAR 20050728 Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin Coastal Studies Group Member mailing address

University Station, Box X

Austin Texas 78713-8924 United States 512-471-1534 512-471-0140 0800-1700 CT Monday-Friday also available at www.beg.utexas.edu Created initial metadata 20030418 Tiffany Hepner Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin Research Scientist Associate mailing address

University Station Box X

Austin Texas 78713 United States 512-475-9572 512-471-0140 tiffany.hepner@beg.utexas.edu The NOAA Coastal Services Center (CSC) received files in ASCII format. The files contained LiDAR intensity and elevation measurements. CSC performed the following processing on the data to make it available within the LiDAR Data Retrieval Tool (LDART) 1. Data returned to ellipsoid heights from NAVD88, using GEOID99. 2. Data converted to LAS format. 3. The LAS data were sorted by latitude and the headers were updated. 20070724 Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) TCM Project Scientist mailing and physical

2234 South Hobson Avenue

Charleston South Carolina 29405 843-740-1200 tcm@csc.noaa.gov The NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) received Lidar data files on external harddrive. The disk contains LiDAR data from the NOAA Coastal Services Center. The data are currently being served via Digital Coastl at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/. The data can be used to re-populate the system. The data are provided on this disk in LAS format. LAS format is an industry standard for serving LiDAR data. The data are exclusively in geographic coordinates, however, the datums used vary. Most are NAD 83, however some are in ITRF. Vertical systems include both ellipsoid (ITRF and NAD 83) and NAVD 88. For NAVD 88 values, Geiod 03 is primarily used; however, data received in NAVD 88 prior to 2003 was processed using Geoid 99. 20071226 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Pamela Grothe Mailing and Physical Address

NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC1 325 Broadway

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-6120 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 pamela.grothe@noaa.gov 7:30-5:00 Mountain Contact Data Center Point Point 161253425 0.000000001 0.000000001 Decimal degrees North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80) 6378137.000000 298.257222 Ellipsoid 0.01 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Keil Schmid TCM Project Scientist mailing and physical address

2234 South Hobson Avenue

Charleston SC 29405-2413 843-740-1200 tcm@csc.noaa.gov Downloadable Data This data was collected in partnership with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, The University of California, San Diego. Any conclusions drawn from analysis of this information are not the responsibility of the Bureau of Economic Geology or the University of Texas at Austin, NOAA, the CSC or it's partners. This data can be obtained on-line at the following URL: http://csc-s-maps-q.csc.noaa.gov/dataviewer/viewer.html DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Pamela Grothe Mailing and Physical Address

NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC1 325 Broadway

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-6120 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 pamela.grothe@noaa.gov 7:30-5:00 Mountain Contact Data Center Disclaimer While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. The National Geophysical Data Center serves as the archive for this LIDAR data. NGDC should only be contacted for this data if it cannot be obtained from NOAA Coastal Services Center. 20111119 20111119 20121119 Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Keil Schmid TCM Project Scientist mailing and physical address

2234 South Hobson Avenue

Charleston SC 29405-2413 843-740-1200 tcm@csc.noaa.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998