gov.noaa.ngdc.stp.solar:solar-imagery_chromosphere_calcium eng; U.S.A. utf8 nonGeographicDataset series William Denig DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 303 497-6323 303 497-6513 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305-3337 U.S.A. solar.ngdc@noaa.gov 9:00 - 5:00 Mountain pointOfContact 2012-10-07 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Photographs of the Sun in Calcium II K - Chromospheric Observations 2012-10-07 publication solarImagery_Chromosphere_Corona Daily solar photographs in Calcium-II K (393.4 nm) provided by various solar observatorys. See item 3 under "How was the data set created?" originator This dataset consists of full-disk images of the sun in Calcium (Ca) II K wavelength (393.4 nm). Ca II K imagery reveal magnetic structures of the sun from about 500 to 2000 km above the photosphere that are not evident in white light images. The chromosphere is an extremely dynamic layer of the sun consisting of a mixture of hot ionized plasma and cool gas. The presence of calcium ions in the chromospheric (along with other ions such as helium and hydrogen) lead to the absorption of radiant emission from the sun. The Ca II K absorption lines are extremely sensitive to local magnetic fields wherein the presence of stronger magnetic fields results in less absorption (brighter features) than weaker fields (more absorption = darker features). Unique features of the chromosphere evident in Ca II K are plage, pores, supergranulation cells and the chromospheric network. Also observed in Ca II K are solar features typically discussed in the context of the photosphere, including sunspots and faculae. Sunspots in photospheric observations appear as dark regions due to the cooler temperatures (~3000 oK) of the overlying gas compared to the surrounding solar surface (~5500 oK). Although sunspots are regions of intense solar magnetic activity (i.e. less absorption), the lack of radiant emissions from the underlying photosphere results in chromospheric sunspot regions that remain darker than the surrounding sun. Faculae, on the other hand, are brighter regions in chromospheric observations which result from the concentration of magnetic field lines between solar granules (solar convection cells). Closely associated with faculae are bright areas of chromospheric plage, also referred to as floccule, within solar active regions that are associated with sunspot formation. Solar pores are actually small sunspots that have not yet formed (and may never form) into the standard picture of a dark central umbra surrounded by a somewhat brighter penumbra. Supergranulation cells are large regions of convective horizontal flows (larger than individual granules) wherein solar material and an embedded magnetic field flow radially outward from the center and downward at the outer boundaries causing the web-like appearance of the chromospheric network structure. The NGDC Solar and Terrestrial Physics (STP) division provides scientific data stewardship of solar-terrestrial datasets in compliance with NOAA Administrative Order (NAO) 212-12, "Management of Environmental and Geospatial Data and Information", dated 04 Nov 10. Scientific Data Stewardship includes the Archive, Access, and Assessment (AAA) of operational and related solar and space environmental datasets. Data access provided by the NOAA Solar and Terrestrial Physics Division. Numerous solar observatories have contributed to this collection - please refer to the Lineage section of this metadata record. underDevelopment William Denig DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (303) 497-6323 (303) 497-6513 NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC2 325, Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305-3337 U.S.A. solar.ngdc@noaa.gov 9:00 - 5:00 Mountain pointOfContact annually ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/space-weather/solar-data/solar-imagery/chromosphere/calcium/documentation/browse_mcma_03934_fp_19771231_1630_caii-k.jpg Browse photograph of the sun for December 31, 1977 from the McMath-Hulbert Solar Observatory prepared by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Joint Photographic Experts Group (jpg) format Sun-Earth Interactions > Solar Activity Sun-Earth Interactions > Solar Activity > Solar Imagery Sun-Earth Interactions > Solar Activity > Solar Active Regions Sun-Earth Interactions > Solar Activity > Sunspots theme NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0. 2007 publication Space > Solar Region > Chromosphere place NASA/GCMD Location Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0. 2007 publication Solar Telescope instrument NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0. 2007 publication Solar Observatory Stations platform NASA/GCMD Platform Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0. 2007 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCenter NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0. 2007 publication NOAA > Space Weather Program WDS > World Data Center for Geophysics, Boulder project NASA/GCMD Project Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0 2007 publication otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None Use Constraints: None Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. eng; U.S.A. geoscientificInformation climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Data provided by various solar observatories located worldwide. Data record range is from 1915 to 2011. -180 180 -90 90 Dataset Extent 1915-08-09 2012-12-31 0 0 Collection consists of daily solar photographs provided by various solar observatories. Daily solar photographs in Calcium-II K (393.4 nm). Dataset includes a variety of solar photographic images provided by various solar observatories. JPG Some data provided in Joint Photographic Experts Group (jpg). format. JPG Some data provided in Portable Network Graphics (png) format. format. William Denig DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (303) 497-6323 (303) 497-6513 NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC2 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305-3337 U.S.A. solar.ngdc@noaa.gov http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/spaceweather.html Space Weather Numerous datasets pertaining to space and solar environments (space weather). 9:00 - 17:00 Mountain Contact Data Center // ngdc.info@noaa.gov // (303) 497-6826 distributor Solar images can be downloaded free of charge from the NGDC Solar and Terrestrial Physics (STP) division. Single daily images http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/stp.html Solar and Terrestrial Physics Division, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC/STP) Numerous space environmental datasets are available at the NGDC/STP website series Collection consists of daily solar photographic images provided by various solar observatories. The collection is as complete as possible with all available data online. Original film records were processed by professional staff at their respective institutions. Observatory staff acquire data from one or more telescopes viewing the sun at various wavelengths to identify various chromospheric features including plage, pores, prominences, filaments, supergranulation cells and the chromospheric network. Consistent data presentation formats are used for each separate dataset. [TBD] Solar images were obtained and/or prepared by trained staff at the various institutions. Supporting metatdata included within the images as available. Daily solar images are annotated with the observation time and other relevant metadata. Authoritative data provided by contributing solar observatories. Some original film records were digitized through the NOAA Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP). 2011-12-31T00:00:00 William Denig NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC2 325 Broadway (303) 497-6323 (303) 497-6513 NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC 325 Broadway E/GC2 Boulder Colorado 80305-3337 U.S.A. solar.ngdc@noaa.gov processor The NOAA Solar and Terrestrial Physics Division is responsible for managing this collection. Collection included as a part of the NGDC Official Archive. Solar Images - Photographs and Drawings 2011-01-01 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce resourceProvider ground condition 2009-10-01 2010-09-30 Film records professionally digitized through the NOAA Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP). Calcium (Ca) II K photographs: McMath McMath-Hulbert Solar Observatory unknown unknown 895 Lake Angelus Rd Lake Angelus Michigan U.S.A. unknown http://www.mcmathhulbert.org/ McMath Solar Observatory The McMath-Hulbert Solar Observatory is a decommissioned solar observatory in Lake Angelus, Michigan, USA. It was established in 1929 as a private observatory by father and son Francis Charles McMath and Robert Raynolds McMath and their friend, Judge Henry Hulbert. In 1932 the observatory was deeded to the University of Michigan which operated it until 1981, at which time it was sold into private ownership again. In 1932 a 10.5-inch (270 mm) reflector telescope was added to the observatory as well as a spectroheliokinematograph {spectro-helio-kine-mato-graph}. This instrument was designed to take motion pictures of the Sun. The McMath-Hulbert Solar Observatory is primarily known for the motion pictures that the McMaths made of various celestial phenomena, including the first movies of solar prominences in motion. Later work involved solar spectroscopy in the near infrared and participation in a solar flare patrol program in the 1950s. Robert McMath and one of the resident astronomers, Keith Pierce, established the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory near Tucson, Arizona in 1962. (Wikipedia) resourceProvider 1948-01-01 1979-12-31 Calcium (Ca) II K photographs: Meudon Observatoire de Paris ? Site de Meudon 33 (1) 45 07 75 30 33 (1) 45 07 74 69 5, place Jules Janssen Meudon 92195 France unknown http://www.obspm.fr/presentation.en.shtml Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon Established in 1667, the Observatoire de Paris is the largest national centre for research in astronomy. It counts among its staff thirty per cent of all French astronomers, who carry out research in the institution's seven laboratories. Located in the Paris, Meudon and Nan?ay sites, these are joint research units with the CNRS and often with major scientific universities in the Paris region. resourceProvider 2007-01-01 2011-12-31 Calcium (Ca) II K photographs: Mt Wilson Dr. Harold McAlister, Director Mount Wilson Observatory (404) 413-5484 (404) 413-5481 P.O. Box 1909 Atlanta Geogia 30301-1909 U.S.A. hal@chara.gsu.edu http://www.mtwilson.edu/ Mount Wilson Observatory The Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The MWO is located on Mount Wilson, a 5,715-foot (1,742 m) peak in the San Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, northeast of Los Angeles. The observatory contains two historically important telescopes: the 60 inches (1.5 m) Hale telescope built in 1908, and the 100 inches (2.5 m) Hooker telescope, which was the largest telescope in the world from its completion in 1917 until 1948. Due to the inversion layer that traps smog over Los Angeles, Mount Wilson has naturally steadier air than any other location in North America, making it ideal for astronomy and in particular for interferometry.[1] The increasing light pollution due to the growth of greater Los Angeles has limited the ability of the observatory to engage in deep space astronomy, but it remains a productive center, with many new and old instruments in use for astronomical research. The observatory was conceived and founded by George Ellery Hale, who had built the 40 inches (1.0 m) telescope at the Yerkes Observatory. The Mount Wilson Solar Observatory was first funded by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1904, leasing the land from the owners of the Mount Wilson Hotel in 1904. Among the conditions of the lease was that it allow public access. (Wikipedia) resourceProvider 1915-01-01 1984-12-31 annually 2013-09-30 Update collection as needed to support the objectives of the World Data Service (WDS) for Geophysics, Boulder. This metadata was automatically generated from the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata standard version FGDC-STD-012-2002 using the June 2011 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform. The Spatial Reference Information is not currently mapped over to ISO but will be mapped in future versions. William Denig DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 303 497-6323 303 497-6513 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305-3337 U.S.A. solar.ngdc@noaa.gov 9:00 - 5:00 Mountain custodian Solar observatories Daily photographs of the sun taken in Calcium-II K (393.4 nm).