<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <datsetid>
      org.nsidc:G02131
    </datsetid>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>
          Ross D. Brown
        </origin>
        <pubdate>
          20020101
        </pubdate>
        <title>
          Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, 1915-1997
        </title>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>
            Boulder, CO
          </pubplace>
          <publish>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
          </publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>
          http://nsidc.org/data/G02131.html
        </onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>
        This data set contains time series of monthly snow cover extent (SCE) for North America, Eurasia, and the Northern Hemisphere from 1915 to 1997, based on snow cover reconstruction and NOAA satellite data.  The reconstruction method used in situ snow depth and daily climate data from the U.S.A., Canada, China, and the former Soviet Union to generate a monthly snow cover index, which was found to be closely related to satellite-derived estimates of SCE in certain months. Brown (2000) describes the method, which is considered to be more robust than SCE reconstruction based on statistical methods (see Brown, 1997; Frei et al., 1999).

In addition, the data set contains time series of annual variation in areally-averaged monthly snow depth and (SWE) for the North American grid domain used to derive the snow cover index.  These provide additional insights into secular changes in snow cover over North America since SCE and depth variations are not always positively correlated.

Data are available via FTP.
      </abstract>
      <purpose>
        scientific research
      </purpose>
      <documnts>
        <userguid>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>
              Ross D. Brown
            </origin>
            <pubdate>
              20020101
            </pubdate>
            <title>
              Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent,  1915-1997
            </title>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>
                Boulder, CO
              </pubplace>
              <publish>
                National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
              </publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <onlink>
              http://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02131_brown_snow_cover/index.html
            </onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </userguid>
      </documnts>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>
            191501
          </begdate>
          <enddate>
            199712
          </enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>
        publication date
      </current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>
        Complete
      </progress>
      <update>
        Unknown
      </update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>
          -180
        </westbc>
        <eastbc>
          180
        </eastbc>
        <northbc>
          90
        </northbc>
        <southbc>
          -90
        </southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Cover &gt; Snow Extent
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Terrestrial Hydrosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Cover &gt; Snow Extent
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          AVHRR &gt; Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          VHRR &gt; Very High Resolution Radiometer
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          GROUND STATIONS
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          SATELLITES
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          ISO 19115 Topic Categories
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          None
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          areally-weighted mean snow depth
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          HDCD
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Historical Daily Climate Dataset
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          linear regression analysis
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          mean snow depth
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          North American mid-latitudes
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          reconstructed
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          SCE
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Snow
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Snow Cover
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          snow cover extent
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Snow Depth
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Snow Extent
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Snow Water Equivalent
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          SWE
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
        </placekt>
        <placekey>
          Continent &gt; North America
        </placekey>
        <placekey>
          Geographic Region &gt; Eurasia
        </placekey>
        <placekey>
          Geographic Region &gt; Northern Hemisphere
        </placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <thelayid>
      <numthlay>
        2
      </numthlay>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Cover &gt; Snow Extent
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Terrestrial Hydrosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Cover &gt; Snow Extent
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
    </thelayid>
    <accconst>
      None
    </accconst>
    <useconst>
      None
    </useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>
            NSIDC USER SERVICES
          </cntper>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>
            mailing
          </addrtype>
          <address>
            User Services
          </address>
          <address>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center
          </address>
          <address>
            CIRES, 449 UCB
          </address>
          <address>
            University of Colorado
          </address>
          <city>
            Boulder
          </city>
          <state>
            CO
          </state>
          <postal>
            80309-0449
          </postal>
          <country>
            USA
          </country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>
          +1 (303) 492-6199
        </cntvoice>
        <cntfax>
          +1 (303) 492-2468
        </cntfax>
        <cntemail>
          nsidc@nsidc.org
        </cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
  </idinfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>
            National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
          </cntorg>
          <cntper>
            NSIDC NOAA USER SERVICES
          </cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>
            mailing
          </addrtype>
          <address>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center
          </address>
          <address>
            CIRES, 449 UCB
          </address>
          <address>
            University of Colorado
          </address>
          <city>
            Boulder
          </city>
          <state>
            CO
          </state>
          <postal>
            80309-0449
          </postal>
          <country>
            USA
          </country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>
          +1 (303) 492-6199
        </cntvoice>
        <cntfax>
          +1 (303) 492-2468
        </cntfax>
        <cntemail>
          nsidc@nsidc.org
        </cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <resdesc>
      G02131
    </resdesc>
    <distliab>
      NSIDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NSIDC makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
    </distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>
            ASCII text file
          </formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>
                  ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/DATASETS/NOAA/G02131
                </networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>
        None
      </fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>
      20070822
    </metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>
            NSIDC NOAA USER SERVICES
          </cntper>
          <cntorg>
            National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
          </cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>
            mailing
          </addrtype>
          <address>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center
          </address>
          <address>
            CIRES, 449 UCB
          </address>
          <address>
            University of Colorado
          </address>
          <city>
            Boulder
          </city>
          <state>
            CO
          </state>
          <postal>
            80309-0449
          </postal>
          <country>
            USA
          </country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>
          +1 (303) 492-6199
        </cntvoice>
        <cntfax>
          +1 (303) 492-2468
        </cntfax>
        <cntemail>
          nsidc@nsidc.org
        </cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>
      FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata
    </metstdn>
    <metstdv>
      FGDC-STD-012-2002
    </metstdv>
  </metainfo>
  
  
  
  
  
  
</metadata>
