<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <datsetid>
      org.nsidc:g02140
    </datsetid>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>
          I.P. Romanov
        </origin>
        <pubdate>
          20040601
        </pubdate>
        <title>
          Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin: Aircraft Landing Observations from the Former Soviet Union, 1928-1989
        </title>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>
            Boulder, CO
          </pubplace>
          <publish>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
          </publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>
          http://nsidc.org/data/g02140.html
        </onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>
        This data set contains sea ice and snow measurements collected during aircraft landings associated with the Soviet Union&apos;s historical Sever airborne and North Pole drifting station programs. The High-Latitude Airborne Annual Expeditions Sever (Sever means North) took place in 1937, 1941, 1948-1952, and 1954-1993 (Konstantinov and Grachev, 2000). In Spring 1993, the last (45th) Sever expedition finished long-term activity in the Arctic. Snow and sea ice data were collected, along with meteorological and hydrological measurements (the latter are not part of this data set). Up to 202 landings were accomplished each year.  The data set contains measurements of 23 parameters, including ice thickness and snow depth on the runway and surrounding area; ridge, hummock, and sastrugi dimensions and areal coverage; and snow density. The sea ice thickness data are of particular importance, as ice thickness measurements for the Arctic Basin are scarce. These data are a subset of those used to create the atlas Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin, self-published by Ilya P. Romanov in 1993, and republished by Backbone Publishing Company in 1995. Romanov provided these data to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in 1994.
      </abstract>
      <purpose>
        scientific research
      </purpose>
      <documnts>
        <userguid>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>
              I.P. Romanov
            </origin>
            <pubdate>
              20040601
            </pubdate>
            <title>
              Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin: Aircraft Landing Observations from the Former Soviet Union, 1928-1989
            </title>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>
                Boulder, CO
              </pubplace>
              <publish>
                National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
              </publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <onlink>
              http://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02140_romanov_arctic_seaice/index.html
            </onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </userguid>
      </documnts>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>
            192806
          </begdate>
          <enddate>
            198905
          </enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>
        publication date
      </current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>
        Complete
      </progress>
      <update>
        Unknown
      </update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>
          -180
        </westbc>
        <eastbc>
          180
        </eastbc>
        <northbc>
          90
        </northbc>
        <southbc>
          64
        </southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Depth/Thickness
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Length
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Width
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Roughness &gt; hummocks
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Elevation &gt; hummocks
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Snow Depth
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Density
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Depth
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Depth/Thickness
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Length
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Width
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Roughness &gt; hummocks
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Elevation
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Snow Depth
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Terrestrial Hydrosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Density
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Terrestrial Hydrosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Depth
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          SNOW MEASURING ROD
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          AIRCRAFT
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          MOORINGS
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          OCEAN PLATFORMS
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          ISO 19115 Topic Categories
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          oceans
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>
          None
        </themekt>
        <themekey>
          Aircraft
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Arctic Basin
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Arctic Sea Ice
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          g02140
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          NOAA
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          North Pole
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          North Pole drifting station
        </themekey>
        <themekey>
          Sever
        </themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>
          NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
        </placekt>
        <placekey>
          Continent &gt; Europe &gt; Eastern Europe &gt; Russia
        </placekey>
        <placekey>
          Geographic Region &gt; Arctic &gt; Arctic Basin
        </placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <thelayid>
      <numthlay>
        18
      </numthlay>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Depth/Thickness
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Length
          </themekey>
        </theme>
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      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Width
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Roughness &gt; hummocks
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Elevation &gt; hummocks
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      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Snow Depth
          </themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Density
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        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Depth
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      <layrname>
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          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation
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        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Depth/Thickness
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      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
          <themekey>
            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Length
          </themekey>
        </theme>
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      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Floes &gt; Width
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          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
          </themekt>
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Roughness &gt; hummocks
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          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Elevation
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            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Snow Depth
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          <themekt>
            NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
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            EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Terrestrial Hydrosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Snow Density
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      None
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    <useconst>
      None
    </useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>
            NSIDC USER SERVICES
          </cntper>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>
            mailing
          </addrtype>
          <address>
            User Services
          </address>
          <address>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center
          </address>
          <address>
            CIRES, 449 UCB
          </address>
          <address>
            University of Colorado
          </address>
          <city>
            Boulder
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          <state>
            CO
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          <postal>
            80309-0449
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          <country>
            USA
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        <cntvoice>
          +1 (303) 492-6199
        </cntvoice>
        <cntfax>
          +1 (303) 492-2468
        </cntfax>
        <cntemail>
          nsidc@nsidc.org
        </cntemail>
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  </idinfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>
            National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
          </cntorg>
          <cntper>
            NSIDC NOAA USER SERVICES
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        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>
            mailing
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          <address>
            National Snow and Ice Data Center
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            CIRES, 449 UCB
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            University of Colorado
          </address>
          <city>
            Boulder
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          <state>
            CO
          </state>
          <postal>
            80309-0449
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            USA
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          +1 (303) 492-6199
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        <cntfax>
          +1 (303) 492-2468
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        <cntemail>
          nsidc@nsidc.org
        </cntemail>
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    </distrib>
    <resdesc>
      g02140
    </resdesc>
    <distliab>
      NSIDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NSIDC makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
    </distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>
            ASCII text file
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          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>
                  ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/pub/DATASETS/NOAA/G02140/
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              </networka>
            </computer>
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      </digform>
      <fees>
        None
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    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>
      20070822
    </metd>
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            NSIDC NOAA USER SERVICES
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            National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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            mailing
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            National Snow and Ice Data Center
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            CIRES, 449 UCB
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            University of Colorado
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            Boulder
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          <postal>
            80309-0449
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          <country>
            USA
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          +1 (303) 492-6199
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          +1 (303) 492-2468
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          nsidc@nsidc.org
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    <metstdn>
      FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata
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    <metstdv>
      FGDC-STD-012-2002
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