Metadata Identifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.photos:G01222

Aggregation Info | Bands | Citations | Constraints | Coverage Descriptions | Dimensions | Extents | Formats | Geographic Bounding Box
Georectified Information | Georeferenceable Information | Identifiers | Instruments | Mediums | OnlineResources | Operations
Platforms | Process Steps | Range Elements | Reference Systems | Responsible Parties | Series | Sources | Spatial Grids | Temporal Extents

MD_DataIdentification

Count Component Title Abstract
1 Volcanic Rocks and Features Volcanoes have contributed significantly to the formation of the surface of our planet. Volcanism produced the crust we live on and most of the air we breathe. The remnants of an eruption reveal as much as the eruption itself, for they tell us many things about the eruption. Included here are examples of several volcanic products and other magmatic features, with descriptions of how they were formed and what they tell us about volcanism. Most volcanic rock material begins as molten rock material formed within Earth and is called magma. Eruptive products include lava (fluid rockmaterial) and pyroclastics or tephra (fragmentary solid or liquid rock material). Tephra includes volcanic ash, lapilli (fragments between 2 and 64 mm), blocks, and bombs. Perhaps the best known volcanic product is lava, the fluid rock material that flows rather quietly from volcanic vents. The external and internal structures of lava flows are the result of the physical properties of the magma from which it was derived. Of these physical properties viscosity is the most important and it is in turn affected by the temperature and chemical composition of the magma. Lavas of low viscosity can spread great distances from the vent. Greater viscosity produces thicker lava flows that generally cover less area. The rate of supply of magma relative to the velocity of the lava as it flows from the vent and the external environment through which the lava flows also affect the structure of the solidified lava. Products of explosive eruptions include pyroclastic (fire broken) rocks and rock fragments. The force that produces explosive eruptions is the release of trapped gas. Ejecta from these explosions may be derived from the magma or from rocks in the vicinity of the volcanic conduit that are blasted out in the eruption. These may be ejected more or less vertically, then fall back to earth in the form of ash fall deposits. Pyroclastic flows result when the eruptive fragments follow the contours of the volcano and surrounding terrain. They are of three main types: glowing ash clouds (nuee ardente), ash flows, and mudflows. Volcanic structures can take many forms. A few of the smaller structures built directly around vents include cinder, spatter, and lava cones. Thick lavas may pile up over their vents to form lava domes. Larger structures produced by low viscosity lava flows include lava plains. The erosion of volcanoes leaves volcanic remnants, interesting reminders of the volcano's former fury. Erosion of the layers of lava and ash that built the volcano leaves the congealed magma in the conduit. This feature, sometimes referred to as a plug or the volcanic neck or throat, is a dramatic pillar of rock rising above the surrounding plain. These plugs or necks may be composed partially of fragments of the walls of the pipe and partially of congealed magma. They may be as more than a kilometer in diameter. Magma flowing into cracks in the rocks produces dikes, sills and laccoliths. This intrusive rock is generally resistant to erosion and often remains after the surrounding rock has eroded away. These exposed intrusive rocks give us a glimpse of the complex underground network of piping in active volcanoes. These igneous features are constant reminders of the timelessness of the processes that relentlessly form, and reform, the surface of planet Earth.
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SV_Identification

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CI_Citation

Count Component Title Date Citation Identifier
1 Container Packet ID
    1 GCMD Data Center Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
      2020-01-09
    1 GCMD Project Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords
      2020-01-09
    1 INFOTERRA Keyword Thesaurus
      1 NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
        1 NASA/GCMD Location Keywords
          1 Volcanic Rocks and Features
            1994
          Document
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          CI_Series

          none found
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          CI_ResponsibleParty

          Count Component Individual Organization Position Email Role Linkage
          1 NCEI User Services (distributor) DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce User Services ngdc.info@noaa.gov distributor
          1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (comp) originator
          2 GCMD Landing Page NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System custodian https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
          3 Hazards Data Manager (pointOfContact) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Hazards Data Manager haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact
          1 NCEI (publisher) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher
          1 Anna Milan NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Metadata Specialist editor
          1 National Geophysical Data Center publisher
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          CI_OnlineResource

          Count Component Linkage Name Description Function
          1 https://ngdc.noaa.gov/hazardimages/
          2 https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information
          1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/
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          MD_Identifier or RS_Identifier

          Count Component Code
          1 Document
          1 G01143
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          EX_Extent

          Bounding Box Temporal Extent
          Count Component Description West East North South Start End
          1 -157.49 170.58 64.17 -45.06
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          EX_GeographicBoundingBox

          Count Component West East North South
          1 -157.49 170.58 64.17 -45.06
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          EX_TemporalExtent

          Count Component Start End
          1
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          MD_Format

          Count Component Name Version specification
          1 TIFF
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          MD_Medium

          Count Component Name mediumFormat mediumNote
          1 cdRom iso9660
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          MD_Constraints

          Count Component Use Limitation
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          MD_ReferenceSystem

          none found
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          MD_GridSpatialRepresentation

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          MD_Georeferenceable or MI_Georeferenceable

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          MD_Georectified or MI_Georectified

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          MD_Dimension

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          MD_CoverageDescription or MI_CoverageDescription

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          MD_Band or MI_Band

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          MI_RangeElementDescription

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          MD_AggregateInformation

          Count Component Title Code Association Type Code
          1 G01143 largerWorkCitation
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          LE_Source or LI_Source

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          LE_ProcessStep or LI_ProcessStep

          Count Component DateTime Description
          1 2015-04-22T00:00:00 NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
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          MI_Operation

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          MI_Platform

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          MI_Instrument

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