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NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to Present
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The Significant Earthquake Database is a global listing of over 5,700 earthquakes
from 2150 BC to the present. A significant earthquake is classified as one that meets
at least one of the following criteria: caused deaths, caused moderate damage (approximately
$1 million or more), magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) X
or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami. The database provides information
on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude,
maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties,
injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. References,
political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each earthquake.
If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic eruption, it is flagged
and linked to the related tsunami event or significant volcanic eruption.
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Catalog of Significant Earthquakes 2000 B.C. - 1979, Including Quantitative Casualties
and Damage |
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GCMD Data Center Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords |
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NASA/GCMD Location Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords |
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GCMD Project Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords |
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NASA/GCMD Science Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords |
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INFOTERRA Keyword Thesaurus |
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Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931 |
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NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, 2100 BC to Present |
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doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7
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NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to Present |
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doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
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NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present |
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doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH
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Uncontrolled Keywords |
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Ganse, Robert A. |
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author |
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GCMD Landing Page |
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System |
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custodian |
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords |
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Haz Info |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
Hazards Data Manager |
haz.info@noaa.gov |
pointOfContact |
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NCEI (publisher) |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
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publisher |
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Anna Milan |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
Metadata Specialist |
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editor |
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National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) |
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originator |
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Natural Hazards Data Manager |
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA,
U.S. Department of Commerce |
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custodian |
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Nelson, John B. |
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author |
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Neumann, Frank |
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author |
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Nicolas Arcos |
Nicolas Arcos |
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA,
U.S. Department of Commerce |
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haz.info@noaa.gov |
pointOfContact |
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Wood, Harry O. |
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author |
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https://gis.ngdc.noaa.gov/export/hazards/hazards.kmz |
Google Earth KML |
Tsunami source and runup locations, significant earthquake epicenters, significant
volcanic eruption locations. |
download |
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https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords |
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured,
used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the
further development of the keywords. |
information |
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https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/hazards/?layers=2 |
Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Earthquakes Layer |
Tsunami source and runup locations, significant earthquake epicenters, significant
volcanic eruption locations. |
search |
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https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/ |
NGDC Natural Hazards Website |
Data, products and services for natural hazards. |
information |
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https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/search |
NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database |
The database contains information for each earthquake such as the date, time, location,
focal depth, magnitude, intensity, and socio-economic data including the total number
of fatalities, injuries, houses damaged, and houses destroyed and $ dollar damage
estimates if available. If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic
eruption, it is flagged and linked to the related tsunami event or significant volcanic
eruption. |
search |
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Latitude |
Distance measured north or south from the equator. Distance north is positive, distance
south is negative. |
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Longitude |
Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian (which is the north/south line that
runs through Greenwich, England), values measured east are positive and values measured
west are negative. |
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Focal Depth |
The depth of the earthquake is given in kilometers, positive downward. |
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State |
The state in the country in which the volcano is located. |
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Country |
The country in which the volcano is located. |
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Region |
The global region in which the volcano is located. |
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Magnitude |
The value in this column contains the primary earthquake magnitude. Magnitude measures
the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Magnitude is determined from
measurements on seismographs. For pre-instrumental events, the magnitudes are derived
from intensities. There are several different scales for measuring earthquake magnitudes.
The primary magnitude is chosen from the available magnitude scales in this order:
Mw Magnitude, Ms Magnitude, Mb Magnitude, Ml Magnitude, Mfa Magnitude, Unknown Magnitude |
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Associated Hazard |
Whether or not the earthquake caused a tsunami and/or occurred in conjunction with
a volcanic eruption. |
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Number of Deaths from the Earthquake |
Whenever possible, numbers of deaths are listed. When references give different death
tolls, each death toll and corresponding reference is listed as a separate record. |
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Number of Injuries from the Earthquake |
Whenever possible, numbers of injuries from the earthquake are listed. |
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Damage in Millions of Dollars from the Earthquake |
The value in the Damage column should be multipled by 1,000,000 to obtain the actual
dollar amount. When a dollar amount for damage was found in the literature, it was
listed in the Damage column in millions of U.S. dollars. The dollar value listed is
the value at the time of the event. To convert the damage to current dollar values,
please use the Consumer Price Index Calculator. Monetary conversion tables for the
time of the event were used to convert foreign currency to U.S. dollars. |
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Number of Houses Destroyed by the Earthquake |
Whenever possible, numbers of houses destroyed are listed. |
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Number of Houses Damaged by the Earthquake |
Whenever possible, numbers of houses damaged are listed. |
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Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) |
The Modified Mercalli Intensity (Int) is given in Roman Numerals (converted to numbers
in the digital database). |
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Description of Number of Deaths from the Earthquake |
When a description was found in the historical literature instead of an actual number
of deaths, this value was coded and listed in the Deaths De column. If the actual
number of deaths was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. |
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Description of Number of Injuries from the Earthquake |
When a description was found in the historical literature instead of an actual number
of injuries, this value was coded and listed in the Injuries De column. If the actual
number of injuries was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. |
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Description of Damage from the Earthquake |
For those events not offering a monetary evaluation of damage, the following five-level
scale was used to classify damage (1990 dollars) and was listed in the Damage De column.
If the actual dollar amount of damage was listed, a descriptor was also added for
search purposes. When possible, a rough estimate was made of the dollar amount of
damage based upon the description provided, in order to choose the damage category.
In many cases, only a single descriptive term was available. These terms were converted
to the damage categories based upon the authors apparent use of the term elsewhere.
In the absence of other information, LIMITED is considered synonymous with slight,
minor, and light, SEVERE as synonymous with major, extensive, and heavy, and EXTREME
as synonymous with catastrophic. Note: The descriptive terms relate approximately
to current dollar values. |
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Description of Number of Houses Destroyed by the Earthquake |
For those events not offering an exact number of houses destroyed, the following four-level
scale was used to classify the destruction and was listed in the Houses Destroyed
De column. If the actual number of houses destroyed was listed, a descriptor was also
added for search purposes. |
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Description of Number of Houses Damaged by the Earthquake |
For those events not offering an exact number of houses damaged, the following four-level
scale was used to classify the damage and was listed in the Houses Damaged De column.
If the actual number of houses destroyed was listed, a descriptor was also added for
search purposes. |