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NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present
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The Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database is a global listing of over 600 eruptions
from 4360 BC to the present. A significant eruption is classified as one that meets
at least one of the following criteria: caused fatalities, caused moderate damage
(approximately $1 million or more), Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6 or greater,
generated a tsunami, or was associated with a significant earthquake. The database
provides information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, last
known eruption, VEI index, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties,
injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. References,
political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each eruption.
If the eruption was associated with a tsunami or significant earthquake, it is flagged
and linked to the related database. For a complete list of current and past activity
for all volcanoes on the planet active during the last 10,000 years, please see Smithsonian
Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP).
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GCMD Data Center Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords |
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NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords |
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NASA/GCMD Location Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords |
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GCMD Project Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords |
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NASA/GCMD Science Keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords |
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Global Volcano Locations Database |
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NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, 2100 BC to Present |
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doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7
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NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to Present |
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doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
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NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present |
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doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH
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The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical
volcanism |
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Volcanoes of the World, 2nd edition |
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GCMD Landing Page |
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System |
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custodian |
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords |
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Haz Info |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
Hazards Data Manager |
haz.info@noaa.gov |
pointOfContact |
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NCEI (publisher) |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
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publisher |
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Anna Milan |
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NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
Metadata Specialist |
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editor |
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National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) |
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originator |
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Natural Hazards Data Manager |
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA,
U.S. Department of Commerce |
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custodian |
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Newhall, C.G. |
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author |
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Nicolas Arcos |
Nicolas Arcos |
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA,
U.S. Department of Commerce |
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haz.info@noaa.gov |
pointOfContact |
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Self, S. |
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author |
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Siebert, L. |
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author |
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Simkin, T. |
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author |
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https://gis.ngdc.noaa.gov/export/hazards/hazards.kmz |
Google Earth KML |
Tsunami source and runup locations, significant earthquake epicenters, significant
volcanic eruption locations. |
download |
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https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords |
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured,
used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the
further development of the keywords. |
information |
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https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/hazards/?layers=3 |
Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Volcanic Eruptions Layer |
Tsunami source and runup locations, significant earthquake epicenters, significant
volcanic eruption locations. |
search |
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https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/ |
NGDC Natural Hazards Website |
Data, products and services for natural hazards. |
information |
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https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/volcano/event-search |
Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database |
The database contains information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano,
last known eruption, VEI index, and socio-economic data such as the total number of
casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates,
if available. If the eruption was associated with a tsunami or significant earthquake,
it is flagged and linked to the related database. |
search |
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Latitude |
Distance measured north or south from the equator. Distance north is positive, distance
south is negative. |
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Longitude |
Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian (which is the north/south line that
runs through Greenwich, England), values measured east are positive and values measured
west are negative. |
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Elevation |
The elevation of the volcano above global mean sea level. Negative elevation indicates
a submarine volcano. |
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Country |
The country in which the volcano is located. |
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Region |
The global region in which the volcano is located. |
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Type |
The volcano type as listed by the Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program.
For more information please visit the Global Volcanism Program's volcano types and
processes gallery. |
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Associated Hazard |
Whether or not the volcanic eruption caused a tsunami and/or occurred in conjunction
with a significant earthquake. |
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Number of Deaths from the Eruption |
Whenever possible, numbers of deaths from the eruption are listed. These values indicate
those deaths that resulted from the eruption. For total deaths (tsunami, volcano,
and earthquake), see total deaths field under additional information. |
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Number of Injuries from the Eruption |
Whenever possible, numbers of injuries from the eruption are listed. |
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Damage in Millions of Dollars from the Eruption |
The value in the Damage column should be multipled by 1,000,000 to obtain the actual
dollar amount. When a dollar amount for damage was found in the literature, it was
listed in the Damage column in millions of U.S. dollars. The dollar value listed is
the value at the time of the event. To convert the damage to current dollar values,
please use the Consumer Price Index Calculator. Monetary conversion tables for the
time of the event were used to convert foreign currency to U.S. dollars. |
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Number of Houses Destroyed by the Eruption |
Whenever possible, number of houses destroyed by the eruption are listed. |
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Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) |
A widely used classification scheme to describe the size of explosive eruptions. It
is based principally on the erupted mass or volume of a deposit (Newhall and Self,
1982). Historic eruptions that were definitely explosive, but carry no other descriptive
information are assigned a default VEI of 2. |
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Agent |
The agent that caused the fatalities for an eruption. Adapted from Simkin and Siebert,
1994. |
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Description of Number of Deaths from the Eruption |
When a description was found in the historical literature instead of an actual number
of deaths, this value was coded and listed in the Deaths D column. If the actual number
of deaths was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. |
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Description of Number of Injuries from the Eruption |
When a description was found in the historical literature instead of an actual number
of injuries, this value was coded and listed in the Injuries De column. If the actual
number of injuries was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. |
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Description of Damage from the Eruption |
For those events not offering a monetary evaluation of damage, the following five-level
scale was used to classify damage (1990 dollars) and was listed in the Damage De column.
If the actual dollar amount of damage was listed, a descriptor was also added for
search purposes. When possible, a rough estimate was made of the dollar amount of
damage based upon the description provided, in order to choose the damage category.
In many cases, only a single descriptive term was available. These terms were converted
to the damage categories based upon the authors apparent use of the term elsewhere.
In the absence of other information, LIMITED is considered synonymous with slight,
minor, and light, SEVERE as synonymous with major, extensive, and heavy, and EXTREME
as synonymous with catastrophic. Note: The descriptive terms relate approximately
to current dollar values. |
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Description of Number of Houses Destroyed by the Eruption |
For those events not offering an exact number of houses destroyed, the following four-level
scale was used to classify the destruction and was listed in the Houses Destroyed
De column. If the actual number of houses destroyed was listed, a descriptor was also
added for search purposes. |