EM302 Water Column Sonar Data Collected During FK140204 | spatialRepresentationInfo|
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(MI_Metadata) fileIdentifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.wcd:FK140204_EM302 language: eng; USA characterSet: (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8 hierarchyLevel: (MD_ScopeCode) series hierarchyLevelName: Water Column Sonar Series-Level Metadata contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information contactInfo: (CI_Contact) address: (CI_Address) electronicMailAddress: ncei.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact name: NCEI Contact Information description: Information for contacts at NCEI. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact dateStamp: 2020-10-15 metadataStandardName: ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data metadataStandardVersion: ISO 19115-2:2009(E) return to top spatialRepresentationInfo: (MD_VectorSpatialRepresentation) geometricObjects: (MD_GeometricObjects) geometricObjectType: (MD_GeometricObjectTypeCode) curve geometricObjectCount: 94 return to top referenceSystemInfo: (MD_ReferenceSystem) referenceSystemIdentifier: (RS_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: World Geodetic System 1984 alternateTitle: WGS 84 date: (CI_Date) date: 2007-08-27 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) revision citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (withheld) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://epsg.org/crs_4326/WGS-84.html name: WGS 84 description: GML of World Geodetic System 1984 coordinate reference system. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: European Petroleum Survey Group contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://epsg.org/home.html name: European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry description: Registry that accesses the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, which is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) search role: (CI_RoleCode) publisher code: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326 return to top referenceSystemInfo: (MD_ReferenceSystem) referenceSystemIdentifier: (RS_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: Vertical Datum: Unknown date: (inapplicable) code: Vertical Datum: Unknown return to top identificationInfo: (MD_DataIdentification) citation: (CI_Citation) title: EM302 Water Column Sonar Data Collected During FK140204 date: (CI_Date) date: 2014-02-04 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) creation date: (CI_Date) date: 2015-06-09 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication identifier: (MD_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information date: (inapplicable) code: FK140204_EM302 identifier: (MD_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information date: (inapplicable) code: NCEI Metadata ID:gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.wcd:FK140204_EM302 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information role: (CI_RoleCode) publisher citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) role: (CI_RoleCode) author abstract: FK140204 Shakedown/Equipment Testing (EM302) purpose: This data is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. status: (MD_ProgressCode) completed pointOfContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information contactInfo: (CI_Contact) address: (CI_Address) electronicMailAddress: ncei.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact name: NCEI Contact Information description: Information for contacts at NCEI. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact pointOfContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information positionName: Water Column Sonar Data Manager contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (303) 497-4742 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42 city: Boulder administrativeArea: CO postalCode: 80305-3328 country: USA electronicMailAddress: wcd.info@noaa.gov role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact resourceMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation) maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) notPlanned descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Acoustics > Acoustic Scattering keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Aquatic Sciences > Fisheries keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Acoustics keyword: Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Pelagic keyword: Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems keyword: Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Benthic keyword: Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Aquatic Ecosystems keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry keyword: Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Seafloor Topography type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords date: (CI_Date) date: 2020-01-09 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication edition: 9.1 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords name: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords description: The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: North Pacific Ocean type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23) date: (CI_Date) date: 2010-08-24 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) revision citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://iho.int/ name: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23) description: Publication of Sea Areas is maintained by IHO. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce keyword: DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) dataCentre thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords date: (CI_Date) date: 2020-01-09 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication edition: 9.1 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords name: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords description: The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Vertical Location > Water Column type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords date: (CI_Date) date: 2020-01-09 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication edition: 9.1 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords name: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords description: The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Profilers/Sounders > Acoustic Sounders > WCMS > Water Column Mapping System type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords date: (CI_Date) date: 2020-01-09 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication edition: 9.1 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords name: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords description: The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) useConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Cite as: Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R). 2014. 'EM302 Water Column Sonar Data Collected During FK140204'. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. [access date] resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) accessConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) useConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. resourceConstraints: (MD_Constraints) useLimitation: These data are considered raw and have not been subjected to the NOAA's quality control or quality assurance procedures. They are released for limited public use as preliminary data to be used only with appropriate caution. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. resourceConstraints: (MD_Constraints) useLimitation: Not subject to copyright protection within the United States. resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) accessConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Resource may not be available for up to one year after initial collection. aggregationInfo: (MD_AggregateInformation) aggregateDataSetIdentifier: (MD_Identifier) code: https://doi.org/10.7284/900608 associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation initiativeType: (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) operation aggregationInfo: (MD_AggregateInformation) aggregateDataSetIdentifier: (MD_Identifier) code: FK140204 associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation initiativeType: (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) operation language: eng; USA topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation extent: (EX_Extent) geographicElement: (EX_GeographicBoundingBox) westBoundLongitude: -158.100049989685 eastBoundLongitude: -157.77197001265 southBoundLatitude: 20.4502200482319 northBoundLatitude: 21.2698199615651 temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimePeriod: beginPosition: 2014-02-04T00:00:00 endPosition: 2014-02-07T00:00:00 return to top contentInfo: (MI_CoverageDescription) attributeDescription: RecordType: Trackline contentType: (MD_CoverageContentTypeCode) physicalMeasurement return to top distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution) distributor: (MD_Distributor) distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information contactInfo: (CI_Contact) address: (CI_Address) electronicMailAddress: ncei.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact name: NCEI Contact Information description: Information for contacts at NCEI. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) distributor distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess) fees: Free orderingInstructions: Contact the NCEI Water Column Sonar Data Manager to order data. distributorFormat: (MD_Format) name: Kongsberg EM302 water column data (.wcd) format version: 1 specification: Kongsberg/Simrad .raw files are generated by ME70, EK60 or ES60 instruments. They contain power and optionally angular position data with each beam/frequency identified by an independent channel. See the Simrad interface specification manual for further information. The .wcd files are generated by Kongsberg EM302 or EM122 instruments. See Kongsberg documentation for more information. distributorTransferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/water_column_sonar/ protocol: HTTPS name: Water Column Sonar Data Map Viewer description: Interactive map viewer to allow discovery and access to water column sonar data function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) search distributorTransferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/wcd/ protocol: HTTPS name: Water Column Sonar Data Archive Homepage description: Web page containing information on the water column sonar data archive. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information return to top dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality) scope: (DQ_Scope) level: (MD_ScopeCode) collectionHardware levelDescription: (MD_ScopeDescription) other: Instrument calibration information lineage: (LI_Lineage) statement: Unknown return to top dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality) scope: (DQ_Scope) level: (MD_ScopeCode) series report: (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy) nameOfMeasure: Horizontal Positional Accuracy result: (DQ_ConformanceResult) specification: (inapplicable) explanation: Positional accuracy dependent on navigation GPS, ship motion correction, and sound velocity profile accuracy. pass: true report: (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy) nameOfMeasure: Vertical Positional Accuracy result: (DQ_ConformanceResult) specification: (inapplicable) explanation: Vertical accuracy is dependent on navigation GPS and ship motion corrections. pass: true lineage: (LI_Lineage) processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: Raw unprocessed data files dateTime: DateTime: 2014-02-04T00:00:00 return to top dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality) scope: (DQ_Scope) level: (MD_ScopeCode) series return to top acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation) instrument: (MI_Instrument) citation: (CI_Citation) title: Kongsberg EM302 Multibeam Echosounder date: (unknown) identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: EM302 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Kongsberg Maritime contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: +47 214 98 364 facsimile: +47 322 85 014 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: P.O. Box 483 deliveryPoint: NO-3601 city: Kongsberg country: Norway electronicMailAddress: km.support@kongsberg.com onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/mapping-systems/mapping-systems/multibeam-echo-sounders/ name: Kongsberg EM302 Multibeam Echosounder description: Kongsberg EM302 Multibeam Echosounder information function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Kongsberg EM302 type: Multibeam Echosounder description: The state of the art 30 kHz EM 302 deep water multibeam sonar is manufactured by Kongsberg, Inc of Norway. The EM 302 transducers are modular linear arrays in a Mills cross configuration with separate units for transmit and receive. This sonar offers significantly larger swath width, increased data density and resolution. Beam focusing is applied both during reception and transmission. The system has up to 288 beams / 432 soundings per swath with pointing angles automatically adjusted according to achievable coverage or operator defined limits. In multi-ping mode, 2 swaths are generated per ping cycle, with up to 864 soundings. With multi-ping the transmit fan is duplicated and transmitted with a small difference in along track tilt. The applied tilt takes into account depth, coverage and vessel speed to give a constant sounding separation along track. The beam spacing can be adjusted as equi-distant or equi-angular. EM 302 uses both CW pulses and FM sweep pulses with pulse compression on reception, in order to increase the maximum useful swath width. The transmit fan is split in several individual sectors with independent active steering according to accomplish compensation for the vessel movements: yaw, pitch and roll. The high density, high resolution, large coverage and water column capability makes EM 302 an ideal system to explore the sea bed and the water column for detection and characterization of a broad spectrum of features. operation: (MI_Operation) identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: FK140204_EM302 status: (MD_ProgressCode) completed parentOperation: (inapplicable) platform: (MI_Platform) citation: (CI_Citation) title: R/V Falkor date: (inapplicable) identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Falkor (FK) description: R/V Falkor is an 82.9 m (272 ft) LOA ship originally built in 1981 in LÃÂübeck, Germany as a fishery protection vessel. The ship went through an extensive refit from 2009 to early 2012, converting the ship to an oceanographic research vessel. Cruising range and endurance are estimated at 8,000 nautical miles and 28 days of steaming (fuel-limited) at a cruising speed of 12 knots. The Falkor is operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute in support of oceanographic research projects that help expand the understanding of the world's oceans through technological advancements, intelligent observation and analysis, and open sharing of information. sponsor: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Schmidt Ocean Institute contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: 415-975-4080 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 555 Bryant Street, #374 city: Palo Alto administrativeArea: CA postalCode: 94301 country: USA role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact sponsor: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Schmidt Ocean Institute contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: 415-975-4080 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 555 Bryant Street, #374 city: Palo Alto administrativeArea: CA postalCode: 94301 country: USA role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact instrument: (MI_Instrument) citation: (CI_Citation) title: Simrad EK60 Echosounder date: (inapplicable) identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: EK60 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: +47 3303 4000 (Norway) facsimile: +47 3304 2987 (Norway) address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: P.O. Box 111 deliveryPoint: Strandpromenaden 50 city: Horten postalCode: 3191 country: Norway electronicMailAddress: contact@simrad.com onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://www.simrad.com/www/01/nokbg0240.nsf/AllWeb/A25148D8E9F00D0DC12570DE0050A7CB?OpenDocument name: Simrad EK60 Scientific echo sounder description: Information on the Simrad EK60 including file format documentation. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Simrad EK60 type: singlebeam description: The Simrad EK60 Scientific Sounder system is a new generation fishery researchtool, based on experience from the EK500. The new electronic hardware is combined with up to date PC processing and Windows operation. The EK60 provides facilities for accurate echo sounding, data storage, data analysis and reporting results. The system communication is through Ethernet, which gives flexibility in the location of the EK60 system units and allows easy access to data from other instruments or stations on a vessel network. A post processing software, BI60, is also included in the EK60 system. instrument: (MI_Instrument) citation: (CI_Citation) title: Knudsen CHIRP 3260 date: (unknown) identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: CHIRP 3260 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Knudsen Engineering Limited contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: http://knudseneng.com/products/chirp_3260 name: Chirp 3260 Echosounder description: Chirp 3260 Echosounder information function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Knudsen CHIRP 3260 type: Echosounder description: The Chirp 3260 is designed for full ocean depth work where high transmit output power is a requirement. The Chirp 3260's 5U rackmount case can be fitted with up to six 2kW transmitter modules to output up to 12kW of total system power. The most common arrangement used by the research community worldwide is one 3.5 kHz channel configured for 10KW paired together with a 2KW, 12 kHz channel. instrument: (MI_Instrument) citation: (CI_Citation) title: Kongsberg EM302 Multibeam Echosounder date: (unknown) identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: EM302 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Kongsberg Maritime contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: +47 214 98 364 facsimile: +47 322 85 014 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: P.O. Box 483 deliveryPoint: NO-3601 city: Kongsberg country: Norway electronicMailAddress: km.support@kongsberg.com onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/mapping-systems/mapping-systems/multibeam-echo-sounders/ name: Kongsberg EM302 Multibeam Echosounder description: Kongsberg EM302 Multibeam Echosounder information function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider identifier: (MD_Identifier) code: Kongsberg EM302 type: Multibeam Echosounder description: The state of the art 30 kHz EM 302 deep water multibeam sonar is manufactured by Kongsberg, Inc of Norway. The EM 302 transducers are modular linear arrays in a Mills cross configuration with separate units for transmit and receive. This sonar offers significantly larger swath width, increased data density and resolution. Beam focusing is applied both during reception and transmission. The system has up to 288 beams / 432 soundings per swath with pointing angles automatically adjusted according to achievable coverage or operator defined limits. In multi-ping mode, 2 swaths are generated per ping cycle, with up to 864 soundings. With multi-ping the transmit fan is duplicated and transmitted with a small difference in along track tilt. The applied tilt takes into account depth, coverage and vessel speed to give a constant sounding separation along track. The beam spacing can be adjusted as equi-distant or equi-angular. EM 302 uses both CW pulses and FM sweep pulses with pulse compression on reception, in order to increase the maximum useful swath width. The transmit fan is split in several individual sectors with independent active steering according to accomplish compensation for the vessel movements: yaw, pitch and roll. The high density, high resolution, large coverage and water column capability makes EM 302 an ideal system to explore the sea bed and the water column for detection and characterization of a broad spectrum of features. |