USGS Continental Margin (CONMAR) Sediment File: README file NGDC Data Set # 0253 obtained from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/mggd.html) & collocated World Data Center for Marine Geology & Geophysics (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/wdcmgg) _______________________________________________________________________ NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THESE DATA _______________________________________________________________________ CONTRIBUTORS: John C. Hathaway, U.S. Geological Survey NAME OF DATA SET: Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States LAST UPDATE: 1977 (original receipt date by MGG) GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Atlantic Continental Margin of the U.S. DATA VOLUME: approximately 3 mbytes MGG IDENTIFIER : MGG06995002 LIST OF FILES 20 data files conmar01 through conmar20 and this file README SUMMARY Data are from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Reference No. 71-15, "Data File Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States, Vol. 2 Samples Collection and Analytical Data", compiled and edited by John C. Hathaway, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA. (UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT) These data supersede Volume I (Hathaway, 1966) and its supplement (Hathaway, 1967). Reference 71-15 contains a complete description of methodology and file organization, excerpts of which are included in this file. The USGS/WHOI Continental Margin (CONMAR) Data set was compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as a joint program of study of the Atlantic continental margin of the U.S. The CONMAR set contains information for 3,715 cores, dredges, and grab samples, and consists of 18 files of grain size analyses/statistical parameters, composition of clay, sand, gravel and carbonate fractions, organic contents, heavy mineral and x-ray analyses, radioactivity counts, and major chemical and trace- element analyses. An accompanying technical report contains a complete description of methodology and file organization: Hathaway, John C., 1971, Data File, Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States: WHOI Reference No. 71-15. These data are also included as ASCII files on the NOAA & MMS Marine Minerals CD-ROM data set released by NGDC in October of 1992. There are twenty separate file types, each with an identifying code and format described at the end of this readme file. Data types include station and collection information, biology, sediment size and composition, carbonate, carbon, and nitrogen content, natural gamma radioactivity, x-ray diffraction analyses, clay fraction and heavy mineral analyses, and chemical analyses of major and trace elements. AVAILABILITY Data are available for free download from NGDC's Web server NGDC/WDC MGG Technical Contact: Carla Moore NOAA/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 USA phone: 303-497-6339 fax: 303-497-6513 email: Carla.J.Moore@noaa.gov FILE CODES AND CONTENTS (excerpted from Report WHOI 71-15) code contents ____ _______________________________________________________________ 100 Cruise and station position data station number, cruise number, date, time, time zone, general area, area code, sheet number, method of navigation, position, corrected depth, method of sounding. 110 Equipment and sediment description station number, sampling equipment, equipment code, lithologic description. 120 Biological description station number, number of drops, volume obtained, percent processed, biologic description. 130 Miscellaneous sample collection data station number, sample color, Forel color, Secchi disc reading, type and number of photographs, air temperature, surface water temperature; indicators as to whether the following were taken: bathythermograph, plankton tow, sample for archives, special geology sample, miscellaneous notes and comments. 140 Core data (core samples only) station number, device, condition, weight, free fall, penetration, core diameter, core length, condition, disturbed portion, sectioning, extraction, volume, preservation. ANALYTICAL DATA 200-299 phi classes and frequency, percent of sand, silt and clay, modes and mode strength, number of modes, mean, median, standard deviation of isze, skewness, kurtosis, sediment name, curve type. 200 Size analysis 210 Sand, silt and clay content 250 Sediment parameters 300-399 microscopical analysis of sand fraction 300 Sand fraction composition, North Sheet 310 Carbonate fraction composition, Middle and Southern Sheets 320 Non-carbonate fraction composition, Middle and Southern Sheets 400-499 calcium carbonate, organic carbon and nitrogen analysis 400 CaCO3, carbon, and nitrogen content 401 CaCO3, carbon, and nitrogen reruns 450 Natural gamma radioactivity 500-599 mineralogical analysis 500 X-ray diffraction analyses 505 Clay fraction analyses 560 Heavy mineral analyses 600-699 gravel analysis 600 Gravel analyses 620 Gravel analyses 700-799 chemical analysis 700 Chemical analysis, major elements 710 Chemical analysis, trace elements 800-899 biological analysis DETAILED RECORD DESCRIPTIONS 100 - cruise and station position data code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 100. station# The number assigned to the location at which a sample or information was taken. Two general types of station numbers are used in this file. Those of 4 numerals beginning with station number 1000 and those with the letter H followed by 3 numerals were collected as part of the Continental Margin Program. Most station numbers consisting of a letter followed by 3 numerals were collected by groups other than the Continental Margin Program and were supplied by the following: Stations beginning with the letters, A,B,M,N,S, and W were supplied by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Stations beginning with D were supplied by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Stations beginning with E were supplied by Howard L. Sanders of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and those beginning with P by Richard M. Pratt of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Most stations beginning with L were collected by the Beach Studies group under the direction of John M. Zeigler of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. special note on letters following station numbers Some station numbers are followed by letters and these letters may have two different meanings. If the letter follows the numerals with no intervening space, this letter is considered part of the station number and indicates a specific position for the station that differs from one having a different following letter. The letter U indicates that the station was made while underway. A space between the numerals and the following letter indicates that the letter identifies a subsample from the material obtained at the same station. If such subdivision of the sample was made, general information for the station is duplicated from the lines for subsample A. cruise# The first 3 letters identify the ship as follows: AB3 ALBATROSS III AB4 ALBATROSS IV ALV ALVIN AST ASTERIAS AT ATLANTIS AT2 ATLANTIS II CB4 CAP'N BILL IV CHN CHAIN DEL DELAWARE DOL DOLPHIN EXP EXPLORER GOS GOSNOLD LUL LULU NAR NARRAGANSETT VER A.E. VERRILL The numerals following the letters are the cruise number for that ship. For the ALBATROSS III, ALBATROSS IV, DELAWARE, and A.E. VERRILL cruises this number refers to a specific year; therefore, the date should be noted for these cruises as the same number may be repeated in a subsequent year. DATE DA Day as 01, 02, etc. MO Month as 01 through 12 YR Year as 60 for 1960, etc. TIME Local time as 0001 through 2400 TIME ZONE Local time zone as hours from Greenwich Time 4 = Eastern Daylight Time 5 = Eastern Standard Time GENERAL AREA Word description of location of station AREA CODE see area code map, p. 453 of publication SHEET# Indicates on which of the three Atlantic Continental Margin maps the station is located. 1 = North sheet 2 = Middle sheet 3 = South sheet METHOD Number indicates method by which position was obtained OF NAVIGATION 01 = Visual or radar 02 = Loran A 03 = Dead reckoning POSITION LAT Latitude in degrees, minutes and hundredths of minutes, North LON Longitude in degrees, minutes and hundredths of minutes, West CORRECTED Depth of water in meters corrected for velocity of sound and keel DEPTH depth of ship if a sonic depth, or corrected for winch reading if wire depth. METHOD OF Method by which depth was determined SOUNDING 1 = Echo sounder 2 = Wire depth 3 = Depth taken from chart 4 = Depth gauge (submarine) code 100 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 019-021 3 A cruise (ship) 023-025 3 A cruise (number) 028-029 2 A date, day 031-032 2 A date, month 034-035 2 A date, year 039-042 4 A time 045 1 A time zone 049-069 21 A general area 071-073 3 A area code 077 1 A sheet no. 082-083 2 A method of navigation 086-087 2 I position, latitude degrees 089-093 5 F position, latitude minutes, hundredths (2 decimal places) 096-097 2 I position, longitude degrees 099-103 5 F position, longitude minutes, hundredths (2 decimal places) 106-109 4 I corrected depth 115 1 A sounding method 110 - equipment and sediment description code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 110. station# As described under code 100 above. equip Word description of the type of equipment used in obtaining sample equip code Numerical code for the equipment used 1 = Campbell grab with camera 2 = Campbell grab without camera 3 = Smith-McIntyre grab with camera 4 = Smith-McIntyre grab without camera 5 = Van Veen Grab 6 = Miniature Van Veen Grab 7 = Dietz-LaFond Snapper 8 = Scoopfish 10 = Pipe dredge 11 = Chain bag dredge, 33 inch 12 = Digby dredge 13 = Anchor dredge 14 = Pratt pipe dredge 15 = Pipe dredge, 3 inch 16 = Modified Pierce dredge 17 = Pierce dredge 18 = Chain bag dredge plus 3 inch pipe dredge 19 = Pratt pipe dredge plus 3 inch pipe dredge 20 = Gravity corer 21 = Piston corer 22 = Boomerang corer 30 = Box sampler 40 = Plankton net, 3/4 meter 41 = Plankton net, 1 meter 42 = Ring net 50 = 1 meter dredge 51 = Rocker dredge 52 = Scallop dredge 53 = Bottom skimmer 55 = Naturalist's dredge 60 = Edgerton camera 70 = Otter trawl 71 = Isaac-Kiddie midwater trawl 90 = Water pump sample 99 = Miscellaneous In the above code 1-9 = grab samplers, 10-19 = dredges, 20-29 = corers, 30-39 = box samplers, 40-49 = plankton samplers, 50-59 = biological dredges, 60 Edgerton camera. LITHOLOGY Word description of the non-biologic part of the sample (see page 467 of reference for list of abbreviations used). Where colors are described, a hyphen should be read as the word "to" meaning that the material varied between the colors given. code 110 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-044 24 A equipment used 046-047 2 A equipment code 130 - Miscellaneous sample-collection data code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 130. station# As described under code 100 above. color(wet) Munsell code number for the color of the wet sample adclrinf If a 1 appears in this column, additional information on color is given under ntoes where more than one color was present in the sample. forel Indicates the color of the surface sea water by visual comparison with standards of the Forel yellow-blue series. secchi Depth in meters at which a standard Sechhi disc is just visible from the surface. pho Indicates type of photographs attempted as follows: 0 = No photographs attempted 1 = Black and white 2 = Color 3 = Black and white stereo 4 = Color stereo 5 = Mixed black and white and color stereo 6 = Mixed black and white and color, not stereo 7 = Edgerton camera lowering, black and white 8 = Camera sled 01 = Deck photo of sample only, black and white 02 = Deck photo of sample only, color 09 = Beach or land photo 11 = Both bottom and deck photo, black and white 12 = Both bottom and deck photo, first numeral indicates type of bottom photo, second numeral indicates type of deck photo according to single numeral code above. # pho Numer of usable photographs obtained. For Edgerton camera photographs, the numeral 1 symbolizes one camera lowering even though many photographs may have been obtained. air tem Temperature of the air in degrees celsius. surf tem Temperature of the surface water in degrees celsius. bt Indicates whether a bathythermograph was taken at the station 0 = No bathythermograph 1 = Bathythermograph taken plk Indicates whether a plankton tow was made at the station 0 = No plankton tow 1 = Plankton tow taken arc Indicates whether an archive sample was taken for the Smithsonian Sorting Center 0 = No archive sample 1 = Archive sample taken spc Indicates whether a special sample (usually 1 gallon) was taken as a type sample for special geological study 0 = No special sample 1 = Special geology sample taken str Indicates whether a sample is in storage at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 0 = No sample in storage blank = Sample in storage NOTES Miscellaneous notes and comments concerning the station or samples. code 130 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 022-029 8 A color code 031 1 A signal for additional color information 034-037 4 F Forel color (1 decimal place) 039-042 4 F Secchi disc (1 decimal place) 044 1 A photographs (bottom) 045 1 A photographs (deck) 046-047 2 I no. of photographs 049-052 4 F air temperature (1 decimal place) 054-057 4 F surface water temperature (1 decimal place) 059 1 A bathythermograph 061 1 A plankton tow 063 1 A archive sample 065 1 A special geology sample 067 1 A sample in storage 069-119 51 A notes 140 - Core data code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 140. station# As described under code 100 above. device Device used (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 12,13) 11 = gravity corer cnd Condition of corer (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 13) 1 = Generally good wt kg Weight of corer in kilograms free fall Free fall distance of the corer in meters pen. m Penetration of the corer in meters core diam Diameter of the core in centimeters core len Total length of the core obtained in centimeters cnd Condition of the core (NODC code, NODC, 1966, p. 15) 1 = Entire core generally undisturbed 7 = No core dist por Length of disturbed portion in centimeters sec Core sectioning (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 15) 0 = Core unsectioned 8 = Core split ext Extraction of core from barrel or liner (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 16) blank = Unknown 1 = Removed from line or barrel 2 = Not removed vol Volume in liters prsvtn Preservation technique wa Preservation of water (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 16) 0 = No preservation technique applied, or unknown 1 = Sealed to preserve entire water content bc Preservation of bacteria (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 16) 0 = No preservative added, or unknown st Preservation of structure (NODC codes, NODC, 1966, p. 17) 0 = No preservation technique applied, or unknown notes Notes or comments code 140 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-022 2 A device 024 1 A condition 026-029 4 I wt in kg 031-032 2 I free fall in m 034-037 4 F penetration in m (1 decimal place) 039-042 4 F core diam in cm (1 decimal place) 044-048 5 I core length, cm 050 1 A condition 052-055 4 I disturbed portion, cm 057 1 A section 059 1 A extraction 061-063 3 I volume, liters 065 1 A preservation, water 067 1 A preservation, bacteria 069 1 A preservation, structure 081-119 39 A notes 120 1 A continuation signal 200 - Grain Size Analyses Code line 200 contains the weight percent of material contained in each size grade expresed in phi units (Krumbein, 1934). These weights were determined by pipetting (silt-clay range), settling tube (sand) (Schlee, 1966) and sieving (gravel). Two numbers are given for each size grade: (1) the phi class, and following it, (2) the weight percent of material of larger particle size than this phi number but smaller than the next larger class. The phi number thus may be thought of as representing a sieve; the weight percent represents the amount of material retained on such a sieve. Table 1 gives examples of sizes in millimeters equivalent to units of phi (size in mm. = 2 -(phi). Acknowledgements The grain size analyses were made by John Schlee, assisted by J.R. Frothingham, Jr., and Carlyle R. Hayes. Table 2 Phi Values Phi Millimeters Phi Millimeter Phi Millimeter -10 1024.0 0 1.0 10 .00098 (1 micrometer) - 9 512.0 1 .5 11 .00049 - 8 256.0 2 .25 12 .00025 - 7 128.0 3 .125 13 .00013 - 6 64.0 4 .0625 14 .00006 - 5 32.0 5 .0313 15 .00003 - 4 16.0 6 .0156 16 .000015 - 3 8.0 7 .0078 17 .000008 - 2 4.0 8 .0039 - 1 2.0 9 .00195 code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 200. station# As described under code 100 above. phi class See introduction and table above wt % Weight of fraction in percent of total sample code 200 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. (200, 201-209 used as needed for continuation) 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 019-020 2 I number of classes 021-025 5 F phi class (1 decimal place) 026-030 5 F frequency (1 decimal place) 031-035 5 F phi class (1 decimal place) 036-040 5 F frequency (1 decimal place) phi class and frequency repeated similarly through 120. 201-209 same format except for ommission of no. of classes in positions 19-20. 210 - Gravel, sand, silt, and clay distribution Code line 210 gives the weight percent of material in the gravel, sand, silt, and clay fractions of the samples. These values were calculated from the data of line 200 of the file (see introduction for line 200). Four sets of values are given: (1) gravel, sand, silt, and clay using phi = 8 (4 micrometers) as the dividing line between the silt and clay fractions; (2) sand, silt, and clay (less than 4 micrometers) recalculated to 100 percent on a gravel-free basis. The purpose of these values is to provide information on the gravel-free fraction, that part of the sample to which most of the other analytical work of the program applies; (3) grave, sand silt, and clay using phi = 9 (2 micrometers) as the dividing line between silt and clay; (4) sand, silt, and clay (less than 2 micrometers) recalculated to 100 percent on a gravel free basis. The division between silt and clay at a particle diameter of 4 micrometers is used by most sedimentary petrologists, whereas the division at 2 micrometers is generally used by soil scientists and clay mineralogists. Acknowledgements The grain size analyses were made by John Schlee, assisted by J.R. Frothingham, Jr., and Caryle R. Hayes. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 210. station# As described under code 100 above. gvl Gravel, particles greater than phi = -1 (> 2 mm) in diameter sand Sand, particles between phi = -1 and phi = 4 (2 mm to 0.0625 mm) in diameter silt Silt, particles between phi = 4 and phi = 8 (0.0625 mm to 0.0039 mm) for the first two sets of data, and between phi = 4 and phi = 9 (0.0625 to 0.00195 mm) for the second two sets of data. clay<4mu Clay, particles less than phi = 8 (0.0039 mm - approximately 4 micrometers) in diameter. clay<2mu Clay, particles less than phi = 9 (0.00195 mm - approximately 2 micrometers) in diamter. * An asterisk following the line of data indicates that the values may not agree with the data given in line 200 because insufficient amounts of gravel were available to make sieve analyses of sizes within the gravel fraction. code 210 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-025 5 F gravel (1 decimal position) 026-030 5 F sand (1 decimal position) 031-035 5 F silt (1 decimal position) 036-040 5 F clay < 4 micrometers (1 decimal position) on gravel-free basis: 046-050 5 F sand (1 decimal position) 051-055 5 F silt (1 decimal position) 056-060 5 F clay < 4 micrometers (1 decimal position) 066-070 5 F gravel (1 decimal position) 071-075 5 F sand (1 decimal position) 076-080 5 F silt (1 decimal position) 081-085 5 F clay < 2 micrometers (1 decimal position) on gravel-free basis: 091-095 5 F sand (1 decimal position) 096-100 5 F silt (1 decimal position) 101-105 5 F clay < 2 micrometers (1 decimal position) 250 - Sediment grain-size parameters Code line 250 gives the sediment grain-size paramters of the samples. These parameters were calculated from the data of line 200 by a computer program designed by Schee and Webster (1967). Acknowledgements These analyses were made by John Schlee, J.R. Frothingham, Jr., and Caryle R. Hayes. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 250. station# As described under code 100 above. mode 1 Strongest mode in phi units * mode s Mode strength of strongest mode * mode 2 Second strongest mode in phi units * mode s Mode strength of 2nd mode * mode 3 Third strongest mode in phi units * mode s Mode strength of 3rd mode * # modes Number of modes median Median grain diamter in phi unit * mean Mean grain diamter in phi units * std dev Standard deviation of grain-size distribution in phi units (sorting) * skew Skewness of grain-size distribution * kurt Kurtosis of grain-size distribution * sed name Name describing the sediment ** curve Code for shape of curve *** * see Schlee and Webster (1967) and references therein ** see Shepard (1954) *** see Schlee (in preparation) code 250 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 020-025 6 F mode 1 (2 decimal positions) 027-030 4 F mode strength (2 decimal positions) 033-038 6 F mode 2 (2 decimal positions) 040-043 4 F mode strength (2 decimal positions) 046-051 6 F mode 3 (2 decimal positions) 053-056 4 F mode strength (2 decimal positions) 059 1 I no. of modes 062-067 6 F median (2 decimal positions) 070-075 6 F mean (2 decimal positions) 081-085 5 F standard deviation ( 2 decimal positions) 088-092 5 F skewness (2 decimal positions) 095-100 6 F kurtosis (2 decimal positions) 103-114 12 A sediment name 117-119 3 A curve type 300 - Sand fraction composition (Nova Scotia to New Jersey) Code line 300 gives the composition of the sand fraction (.062 - 2.0 mm) in percent by weight of rock fragments, quartz and feldspar, dark minerals, glauconite, mica, foraminifera, and shell material. These weights were estimated by examination with a binocular microscope. Traces of any of the components are arbitrarily assigned values of 0.1 percent. Quantities less than 1 percent but more than traces are assigned values of 0.5 percent. Acknowledgements The sand fraction analyses were made by James V.A. Trumbull. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 300. station# As described under code 100 above. rock Weight percent of rock fragments. quartz Weight percent of quartz grains plus feldspar grains. feldspar dark Weight percent of minerals dark in color. minerals glauc Weight percent of glauconite. mica Weight percent of both black and light mica. foram Weight percent of foraminiferal tests or fragments. shell Weight percent of mollusc shells or fragments. code 300 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-025 5 F rock fragments (1 decimal) 031-035 5 F quartz and feldsapr (1 decimal) 041-045 5 F dark minerals (1 decimal) 051-055 5 F glauconite (1 decimal) 061-065 5 F mica (1 decimal) 071-075 5 F foraminifera (1 decimal) 081-085 5 F shell (1 decimal) 310 - Carbonate fraction composition (New Jersey to Key West) This line gives the composition of the calcium carbonate components within the total sand and gravel fraction (>0.062mm). The amount of each component was determined by point counts under either the binocular or the petrographic microscope. For some samples estimates of abundance rather than point counts were made. These estimates are coded as: F=flood=>50%, A=abundant=25%-50%, C=common=5%-25%, and R=rare=<5% and are given two character positions to the right of the positions in which ther percentages obtained by point counts are given. Acknowledgements The carbonate fraction analyses were made by John D. Milliman. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 310. station# As described under code 100 above. caco3 Amount of caco3, in percent, determined by point count. mic Type of microscope used: B = binocular microscope P = petrographc microscope mlsk Mollusk shells or fragments of shells ech Echinoids or fragments bnth f Benthic foraminifers or fragments plkt f Planktonic foraminifers or fragments bryz Bryozoans or fragments serp Serpulid worm tubes or fragments brncl Barnacle plates or fragments cor alg Coralline algae hlmd Halimeda plates or fragments coral Coral pltd Pelletoids ooid Ooids encr & altd Encrusted and altered material lth Lithoclasts unknwn Unknown carbonate material misc Miscellaneous, types of carbonate material other than those listed assemblage code Assemblages defined on the basis of major carbonate components. Letter codes identifying type of carbonate assemblage: M = Mollusk ME = Echinoid - Mollusk BFM = Benthonic foraminifera - mollusk BM = Barnacle - mollusk BC = Barnacle - coralline algae OP = Oolite - pelletoid OTC = outcrop CR = Coral reef L = Lithoclast PF = Planktonic foraminifera PFC = Planktonic foraminifera - coral PFP = Plantonic foraminifera - pteropod REW = Reworked MX = Mixed assemblages code 310 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-023 3 I CaCO3 025 1 A type of microscope 027-029 3 I mollusk percent 031 1 A mollusk abundance code 033-035 3 I echinoid percent 037 1 A echinoid abundance code 039-041 3 I benthonic foraminifera percent 043 1 A benthonic foraminifera abundance code 045-047 2 I planktonic foraminifera percent 049 1 A planktonic foraminifera abundance code 051-052 2 I bryozoa percent 054 1 A bryozoa abundance code 056-057 2 I serpulid percent 059 1 A serpulid abundance code 061-062 2 I barnacle algae percent 064 1 A barnacle algae abundance code 066-067 2 I coralline algae percent 069 1 A coralline abundance code 071-072 2 I hallimeda percent 074 1 A hallimeda abundance code 076-077 2 I coral percent 079 1 A coral abundance code 081-082 2 I pelletoid percent 084 1 A pelletoid abundance code 086-087 2 I ooid percent 089 1 A ooid abundance code 091-092 2 I encrusted and altered fragments percent 094 1 A encrusted and altered fragments abundance code 096-097 2 I lithoclasts percent 099 1 A lithoclasts abundance code 101-102 2 I unknown percent 104 1 A unknown abundance code 106-107 2 I miscellaneous percent 109 1 A miscellaneous abundance code 112-118 7 A carbonate assemblage code 320 - Sand fraction 125-250mm, non-carbonate fraction (New Jersey to Key West) This line gives the composition of the non-carbonate part of the 125-250mm sand fraction. The amounts of each type of material in percent were determined by point counts under the binocular microscope. Feldspar type was determined by staining using the Hayes and Klugman (1959) method. Acknowledgements The non-carbonate fraction analyses were made by John D. Milliman. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 320. station# As described under code 100 above. the following components are given in percent (by pt. count) quartz Quartz K fldsp Potassium feldspar P fldsp Plagioclase feldspar mica Mica hvy mnrls Heavy minerals phspht Phosphorite glauc Glauconite diatoms Diatoms spcls Spicules rdlrns Radiolarians wood & plnt fib Wood and plant fibers other Other materials code 320 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 022-024 3 I quartz 027-029 3 I K-feldspar 032-034 3 I Plagioclase feldspar 037-039 3 I Mica 042-044 3 I Heavy minerals 047-049 3 I Phosphate 052-054 3 I Glauconite 057-059 3 I Diatoms 062-064 3 I Spicules 067-069 3 I Radiolarians 072-074 3 I Wood and plant fibers 077-079 3 I Other 400 & 401 - CaCO3, carbon and nitrogen content Line 400 gives those constituents of organic origin in the samples. Calcium carbonate content was determined by the method described in Hulseman (1966). Carbon content was determined by a gasometric method similar to that described by Kolpack and Bell (1968). Nitrogen content was determined by volumetric determination of aminoid nitrogen by the micro Kjeldahl method of Kabat and Mayer (1948). Line 401 gives data for reruns of those samples indicated by *. Acknowledgements The calcium carbonate, carbon, and nitrogen determinations were made under the direction of Jobst Hulsemann and Susan Kadar, assisted by Lois Toner, Madalyn Hamilton, and Faith Harrington. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 400. station# As described under code 100 above. CaCO3 Calcium carbonate content in percent carbon of CaCO3 Carbon content, in percent, calculated from calcium carbonate content organic Carbon content, in percent, measured by gasometric method in carbon samples after removal of CaCO3 by acid treatment. meas total Carbon content, in percent, measured by gasometric method in carbon whole sample meas total Total carbon measured less carbon of CaCO3, in percent. carbon calculated organic Organic carbon, measured, plus carbon of CaCO3, in percent. carbon calculated Kjeldahl Nitrogen, in percent, measured by micro kjeldahl method. nitrogen organic Ratio of organic carbon content to nitrogen content. carbon/ nitrogen code 400 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 020-025 6 F CaCO3 (2 decimals) 032-037 6 F Carbon of CaCO3 (2 decimals) 044-049 6 F Organic carbon, measured 051 1 A * indicates rerun of org C, on line 401 056-061 6 F Total carbon, measured (2 decimals) 068-073 6 F Organic carbon, calculated (2 decimals) 081-086 6 F Total carbon, calculated (2 decimals) 095-100 6 F Kjeldahl nitrogen (3 decimals) 106-111 6 F Organic carbon/nitrogen (1 decimal) 115 1 A * indicates rerun of org C/N, on line 401 Code line 401 gives rerun analyses of measured organic carbon. Headings are the same as those described under code line 400 above. code 401 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 044-049 6 F Organic carbon, measured (2 decimals) 106-111 6 F Organic carbon/nitrogen (1 decimal) 450 - Natural gamma radioactivity This line contains values for natural gamma radioactivity in each sample. These values are expressed as counts per minute per gram (CPM/G). Raw values for number of counts were corrected for sample weight, volume, type of container, and background count. The corrected value together with location coordinates and amounts of silt and clay are given in this line. Acknowledgements The analyses were performed by Claire L. Schelske, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Corrections to the raw data were made by a computer program written by John C. Hathaway. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 450. station# As described under code 100 above. latitude Latitude (North) in degrees, minutes and tenths or hundredths of minutes (repeat of values from line 100). longitude Longitude (West) in degrees, minutes and tenths or hundredths of minutes (repeat of values from line 100). silt % Percent silt (4-62 microns) from line 210. clay % Percent clay (< 4 microns) from line 210. activity Natural gamma radioactivity in counts per minute per gram. CPM/G code 450 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-022 2 I latitude degrees 024-028 5 F latitude minutes (2 decimals) 031-032 2 I longitude degrees 034-038 5 F longitude minutes (2 decimals) 041-045 5 F silt percent (1 decimal) 048-052 5 F clay percent (1 decimal) 055-062 8 F radioactivity CPM/G (2 decimals) 500 - X-ray diffraction analyses (bulk samples < 2 mm) This line contains the weight percent of minerals detected by x-ray powder diffraction analyses of the bulk fraction less than 2 mm in diameter. Two methods of computer analysis were used. Method 1 (indicated by 1 in column 17 following the station number) consisted of hand measurement of the intensities of specified key peaks on x-ray diffraction strip charts and computer calculation of estimates of the quantity of each mineral in the sample. This method was used for samples from the north sheet covering the region from Nova Scotia to New Jersey. Method 2 (indicated by 2 in column 17 following the station number) employed computer analysis of punched paper tapes produced directly by the x-ray diffractometer. The computer program located all diffraction peaks in the pattern, calculated their intensities, and made qualitative analyses of the minerals present by comparison of the peaks with a library of standards. The program then made estimates of the quantity of each mineral by the solution of a series of simultaneous equations involving the intensities of all the peaks and calculated mass absorption coefficients. A complete description of the method will be published elsewhere (Hathaway, in preparation). Misalignment of some specimens, or malfunctions of the paper tape equipment, produced spurious results. For these samples visual estimates were made, and are indicated by the number 3 in column 17. Acknowledgements The x-ray diffraction analyses were made by John C. Hathaway assisted by Richard A. Tagg, Peter F. McFarlin, Charlsa Head, and Judy M. Aydelette. The computer programs were written by John C. Hathaway. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 500. station# As described under code 100 above. col. 17 Numbers in this column indicate the following: 1 Analysis made by hand measurement of peaks and intensities 2 Analysis made entirely by computer 3 Analysis made by visual estimate or revision of analysis 2 The following are the minerals analyzed for; amounts are given in percent quartz Quartz plag feld Plagioclase feldspar K fspr Potassium feldspar calc Calcite mg calc Magnesium calcite. A number with no decimal point following the magnesium calcite value is the mol. percent of MgCO3 in the structure. arag Aragonite lr slct Total layer silicates. This amount includes mica, chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, chamosite, glauconite, and mixed layered assemblages of the foregoing. hrnbl Hornblende or amphibole pryt Pyrite apat Apatite dolmt Dolomite other * indicates that other minerals are present or that there are comments. These minerals and comments are listed in a table following the line 500 data. caco3 Total cacium carbonate. This amount is the sum of calcite Mg-calcite and aragonite. arag/cal Ratio of aragonite to calcite. If blank, no calcite is present. feldsp Total feldspar in percent. This amount is the sum of plagioclase and potassium feldspar. fel/qtz Ratio of total feldspar to quartz. code 500 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 017 1 A method of analysis 021-024 4 F quartz 027-030 4 F plagioclase feldspar 033-036 4 F potassium feldspar 038-041 4 F calcite 043-046 4 F mg calcite 048-049 2 I mol % mgco3 050-053 4 F aragonite 056-059 4 F layer silicates 062-065 4 F hornblende 068-071 4 F pyrite 074-077 4 F apatite 080-083 4 F dolomite 087 1 A other 090-093 4 F caco3 098-102 4 F aragonite/calcite (2 decimals) 106-109 4 F feldspar 113-117 4 F feldspar/quartz (2 decimals) 505 - Minerals in clay fraction This line contains estimates of the amounts of minerals in the clay fraction (less than 2 mm) of selected samples. The fractions were obtained by repeated centrifuging of suspensions of each sample for periods of time calculated to remove particles greater than 2 microns (Hathaway, 1956). The resulting clay suspensions were drawn by vacuum as oriented aggregates on ceramic tiles or silver membrane filters and analyzed by x-ray diffractometer. Some samples were treated with 1:4 acetic acid to remove calcium carbonate. These samples are indicated by "H+" following the station number. X-ray diffractometer patterns were made after air druing, after ethylene glycol treatment and after heating to 400 o C and 550 o C respectively. Visual estimates of the relative amounts of the various minerals present are listed to the nearest 10 percent. Acknowledgements The analyses were made by John C. Hathaway assisted by Richard A. Tagg, Peter F. McFarlin, Charlsa Head, and Judy M. Aydelette. The computer programs were written by John C. Hathaway. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 500. station# As described under code 100 above. H+ in columns 14 and 15 indicate residues from acetic acid treatment. Amounts of each mineral are given to the mearest 10 percent or as TR if less than 10 percent. mnt Montmorillonite chl Chlorite dvm Dioctahedral vermiculite m-i mixed layered montmorillonite-illite (in a few samples vermiculite-illite) m-c mixed layered montmorillonite (or vermiculite) - chlorite ill illite kao kaolinite gib gibbsite qtz quartz fld feldspar cal calcite arag aragonite hbl hornblende or other amphibole apt apatite dol dolomite other other minerals or comments code 505 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 014-015 2 A acid treatment 022-024 3 A montmorillonite 027-029 3 A chlorite 032-034 3 A dioct. vermiculite 037-039 3 A mixed layered mont.-illite 042-044 3 A mixed layered mont.-chlorite 047-049 3 A illite 052-054 3 A kaolinite 057-059 3 A gibbsite 062-064 3 A quartz 067-069 3 A feldspar 072-074 3 A calcite 077-079 3 A mg-calcite 082-084 3 A aragonite 087-089 3 A hornblende 092-094 3 A apatite 097-099 3 A dolomite 102-120 19 A other 560 - Heavy mineral analyses This line contains analyses of the heavy mineral fraction of selected samples from the north sheet, southern Nova Scotia to northern New Jersey. The methods of sample preparation and discussion of the results are given in Ross (1970). Acknowledgements The heavy mineral analyses were made by David A. Ross. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 500. station# As described under code 100 above. H+ in columns 14 and 15 indicate residues from acetic acid treatment. wt % minerals heavy Percent by weight of heavy minerals in the sand fraction (2 mm - 62 microns) of the whole sample. opaq Percent by weight of opaque minerals in the heavy mineral fraction. altd Percent by weight of altered minerals grains in the heavy mineral fraction. non opaq Percent by weight of non-opaque heavy mineral grains. * indicates that less than 100 grains were counted. Mineral in percent by count am Amphibole ep Epidote zo Zoisite au Augite hy Hypersthene ti Titanite to Tourmaline zi Zircon gt Garnet (total) gp Pink garnet go Orange garnet st Staurolite ky Kyanite an Andalusite sl Sillimanite un Unknown sp Spinel ru Rutile du Dumortierite gl Glaucophane mo Monazite ap Apatite hb Basaltic hornblende ag Aegerite x Other minerals: ae aegerine-augite an anatase bk brookite br bronzite cm corundum ch chloritoid cs cassiterite cz clinozoisite fo pyrite filled forams ov olivine pd piedmontite ax Percent by count of other minerals code 560 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-025 5 F heavy minerals percent (1 decimal) 026-030 5 F opaque minerals percent (1 decimal) 031-035 5 F altered minerals percent (1 decimal) 036-040 5 F non-opaque minerals percent (1 decimal) 041 1 A * = < 100 grains counted 043-044 2 I Amphibole 046-047 2 I Epidote 049-050 2 I Zoisite 052-053 2 I Augite 055-056 2 I Hypersthene 058-059 2 I Titanite 061-062 2 I Tourmaline 064-065 2 I Zircon 067-069 2 I Garnet (total) 070-071 2 I Pink garnet 073-074 2 I Orange garnet 076-077 2 I Staurolite 079-080 2 I Kyanite 082-083 2 I Andalusite 085-086 2 I Sillimanite 088-089 2 I Unknown 091-092 2 I Spinel 094-095 2 I Rutile 097-098 2 I Dumortierite 100-101 2 I Glaucophane 103-104 2 I Monazite 106-107 2 I Apatite 109-110 2 I Basaltic hornblende 112-113 2 I Aegerite 115-116 2 A Other symbol 118-119 2 I Other amount 600 & 620 - Gravel analyses Code lines 600 and 620 contain descriptions of the gravel fraction of the samples. Line 600 gives the results of pebble counts on specified size fractions. Line 620 gives a general description of specific features present in the gravel. For detailed discussion of these gravels see Schlee and Pratt (1970). Acknowledgements The pebble identification and counts were made by John Schlee and Richard M. Pratt. The data records were coded by J.F. Jones. Mary Hunt wrote the computer program for decoding and listing the analyses. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 600 and 620. station# As described under code 100 above. H+ in columns 14 and 15 indicate residues from acetic acid treatment. size size limits of gravel fraction analyzed, usually 8-16 mm and greater than 64 mm. count line 600 only - the number of pebbles of indicated type in a count of 100 pebbles of the 8-16mm fraction, or the total number of pebbles of indicated type in the fraction greater than 64 mm. descrip in line 600 - the type of rock with appropriate modifiers. in line 620 - specific features or materials accompanying the gravel fraction. code 600 format: (601-609 used for continuation) cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 019-078 3 A,2I coded gravel data - variable up to 20 groups each group of 3 positions contains a letter followed by 2 numbers ( ) S (size class) C (count) T (type) M (modifier) P (percent of this type within count) 080 1 I continuation signal (1) code 620 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 019 1 A fossils 021 1 A varnish 023 1 A weathering rinds 025 1 A striations 027 1 A cinders 029 1 A wood 031 1 A artifacts 036-079 44 A comments 700 - Chemical analyses, major elements Code line 700 contains chemical analyses of the major elements of selected samples. With the exception of those from the Blake Plateau, the samples were selected to illustrate the composition of river borne sediment and sea bottom sediment representing traverses across the continental shelf. Major element determinations were made by fluxing the samples with lithium tetraborate at 1000 o C, grinding the resulting glass, mixing with graphite and pressing the mixture into pellets. The pellets were then excited by a high voltage spark, and the elements present were determined by an emission spectrometer. The method is a modification of a procedure by Landergren, Muld and Rajandi (1964). Fe2O3 and MnO2 values represent the total for all oxidation states of these elements. NiO and CuO values below .005 percent are from the trace element analyses (see code line 710). Where ignition loss at 1000 o C is available, a sum has been calculated using Mn3O4 as the stable species at that temperature. Correction has also been made for fluorine in phosphate containing rocks. In some samples dominant components such as SiO2 and CaO were determined by difference. This method usually yields more precise values for very high concentration levels. Such analyses are indicated by an asterisk following the sum. A few of the CaO values close to 50 percent that were not so corrected appear to be too high. Inhomogeneity owing to small sample size may exist between the major element, trace element, and ignition loss subsamples. Minus signs that precede values indicate that the amount detected is less than the value shown. Acknowledgements The analyses were made by Frank T. Maneim, assisted by Susan Kadar, Heidi Richards, Raymond Angona, and Lois Toner. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 600 and 620. station# As described under code 100 above. H+ in columns 14 and 15 indicate residues from acetic acid treatment. Major elements as oxides, in percent. SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 (value includes Fe +2) TiO2 MnO2 CaO MgO SrO K2O Na2O P2O5 CO2 IGN.LOSS 500C Ignition loss at 500 o celcius 1000C Ignition loss at 1000 o celcius NiO CuO F-O Fluorine less equivalent oxygen (correction for phosphorite bearing samples) SUM Total of the elements reported. An asterisk indicates that SiO2 or CaO were determined by difference. Lack of a sum indicates that no ignition loss determination was performed. code 700 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 021-024 4 F SiO2 (1 decimal) 026-029 4 F Al2O3 (1 decimal) 031-034 4 F Fe2O3 (1 decimal) 036-039 4 F TiO2 (2 decimals) 041-045 5 F MnO2 (3 decimals) 047-050 4 F CaO (1 decimal) 052-055 4 F MgO (1 decimal) 057-060 4 F SrO (2 decimals) 062-065 4 F K2O (2 decimals) 067-069 3 F Na2O (1 decimal) 071-075 5 F P2O5 (2 decimals) 077-080 4 F CO2 (1 decimal) 082-085 4 F ignition loss 500 degrees C (1 decimal) 088-091 4 F ignition loss 1000 degrees C (1 decimal) 094-098 5 F NiO (3 decimals) 101-105 5 F CuO (3 decimals) 108-113 6 F F-O (3 decimals) 116-118 3 I Sum 120 1 A revised sum signal * 710 - Chemical analyses, trace elements Code line 710 contains chemical analyses for trace elements in the samples selected as described under code line 700. The trace element determinations were made on the same pellet as the major element determinations, but with excitation at higher energy and with results of lower precision. The rounding of values generally indicates their estimated reliability. See code line 700 for further details of the method. Minus signs indicate that the amount detected is less than the value shown. Acknowledgements The analyses were made by Frank T. Maneim, assisted by Susan Kadar, Heidi Richards, Raymond Angona, and Lois Toner. Semi-quantitative analyses for vanadium and molybdenum and other traces made by Analytical Laboratories Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. are indicated by asterisks. code# The number indicates that the line contains the type of data characterized by code 600 and 620. station# As described under code 100 above. H+ in columns 14 and 15 indicate residues from acetic acid treatment. Trace elements as oxides, in percent. CO Cobalt NI Nickel CU Copper V* Vanadium (*=semi-quantitative analyses by Analytical Laboratories Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.) MO* Molybdenum (*=see above) ZN Zinc SR Strontium BA Barium TI Titanium MN Manganese Minus signs indicate that the amount detected is less than the value shown code 710 format: cols len/type contents 003-005 3 A code no. 008-011 4 A station no. 012 1 A station letter 013 1 A subsample letter 023-028 6 F Cobalt (4 decimals) 031-036 6 F Nickel (4 decimals) 039-044 6 F Copper (4 decimals) 047-052 6 F Vanadium (4 decimals) 055-060 6 F Molybdenum (4 decimals) 063-068 6 F Zinc (4 decimals) 071-076 6 F Strontium (4 decimals) 079-084 6 F Barium (4 decimals) 088-093 6 F Titanium (4 decimals) 096-101 6 F Manganese (4 decimals) 102,103 2 A other element (symbol) 104-109 6 F other element (amount - 4 decimals) 110,111 2 A other element (symbol) 112-117 6 F other element (amount - 4 decimals) 120 1 A continuation signal List of Area Codes 1 Scotian Shelf 2 South of Nova Scotia 3 Bay of Fundy 4 Northern Maine coast 5 Northern Gulf of Maine 6 Browns Bank 7 Continental Slope South of Nova Scotia 8 Northeast Channel 9 Georges Basin Area 10 Central Gulf of Maine 11 Central Maine Coast 12 Northern Massachusetts and New Hampshire Coast 13 Southern Gulf of Maine 14 Georges Bank 15 Continental Slope South of Georges Bank 16 Continental Slope South of Great South Channel 17 Great South Channel 18 Nantucket Shoals 19 Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds and Buzzards Bay 20 Cape Cod Bay 21 Massachusetts Bay 22 Narragansett Bay and Block Island Sound 23 Shelf South of New England 24 Slope South of New England 25 Shelf South of Long Island 26 Long Island Sound 27 Shelf East of New Jersey 28 Slope East of New Jersey 29 Middle Atlantic Continental Rise 30 New England Continental Rise 31 New Jersey Coast 32 Delaware Bay 33 Delaware Coast 34 Shelf East of Delaware 35 Slope East of Delaware 36 Chesapeake Bay 37 Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds 38 Shelf East of Virginia and North Carolina 39 Slope East of Virginia and North Carolina 40 Southern Continental Rise 41 Black Escarpment, Ridge, and Spur 42 Florida-Hatteras Slope off North Carolina 43 Shelf off North Carolina 44 South Carolina Coast 45 Shelf off South Carolina 46 Florida-Hatteras Slope off South Carolina 47 Northern Blake Plateau 48 Inner Blake Plateau 49 Florida Hatteras Slope off Georgia 50 Shelf off Georgia 51 Georgia Coast 52 Northern Florida Coast 53 Northern Florida Shelf 54 Florida-Hatteras Slope off Northern Florida 55 Central Florida Coast 56 Central Florida Shelf 57 Florida-Hatteras Slope off Central Florida 58 Northern Straits of Florida 59 Bahama Banks 60 Southern Straits of Florida 61 Southern Florida-Hatteras Slope 62 Shelf off Florida Keys 63 Florida Bay 64 Outer Blake Plateau For a complete list of references, codes, and methods, please see WHOI publication 71-15 referenced above - also available from NGDC.