U.S. Geological Survey Ferromanganese Crust Data Set: README file NGDC Data Set # 1019 obtained from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/mggd.html) & collocated World Data Center for Marine Geology & Geophysics (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/wdcmgg) _______________________________________________________________________ NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THESE DATA _______________________________________________________________________ CONTRIBUTOR: Dr. Frank Manheim, U.S. Geological Survey NAME OF DATA SET: USGS crust data LAST UPDATE: 1991 GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global DATA VOLUME: approximately 1.5 mbytes MGG IDENTIFIER : MGG06995006 LIST OF FILES file01.f through file18.f, ussamp.sta, ngdc.txt README (this file) SUMMARY The USGS Ferromanganese Crust data set was compiled by F.T. Manheim and C.M. Lane-Bostwick of the U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA. The data set consists of tables corresponding the USGS Open-File Report 89-020 "Chemical Composition of Ferromanganese Crusts in the World Ocean: A Review and Comprehensive Database." Data include excerpts from the SIO nodule file, the NGDC marine minerals data base, Japanese sources, a PhD thesis, analyses performed at the Bureau of Mines, and analyses performed at other laboratories under the direction of the USGS. These data are also included on the NOAA & MMS Marine Minerals CD-ROM data set released by NGDC in October of 1992. AVAILABILITY Data are available for free download from NGDC's Web server. NGDC/WDC MGG Technical Contact: Carla Moore NOAA/NGDC E/GC3 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 USA phone: 303-497-6339 fax: 303-497-6513 email: Carla.J.Moore@noaa.gov USGS DOCUMENTATION The following documentation was provided by Ms. Candy Lane-Bostwick of the U.S. Geological Survey, Wood Hole, MA. For more information, please see U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-020, "Chemical Composition of Ferromanganese Crusts in the World Ocean: A Review and Comprehensive Database," edited by F.T. Manheim and C.M. Lane-Bostwick. This description applies to data in the original ASCII comma-delimited format provided by the USGS. Data Documentation: The files on disk that are prefixed with file??.F represent the chemical data as reported in Appendix C of OF89-020. Data is in free format and uses a comma as a field delimiter. Each field in a record represents a line of data in the table and each record represents a column (not counting the first column which in a sense could be viewed as a header record). All data are on a water corrected basis. Latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees where negative values are south and west respectively. Depth is in meters. In the case of a dredge the position data recorded in the chemical tables represent when the dredge first is on the bottom. Note in all tables values in wt% and values in ppm are grouped separately. Listed below are special notes pertaining to each file as needed. FILE01.F - Table 1. Analyses performed by Analytical Labs Washington, DC. Lab# is the number assigned by A-labs. Oxides were calculated by authors based on reported ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) elemental analyses received by A-labs. Sums were calculated by authors as described on page 63. gamma refers to the correction factor that would be needed to bring the observed sum to the theoretical sum of 98.6 as explained on pgs 63-64. 'Sampled interval' is represented by the last two fields in the file. Note that oxides are in wt% and trace elements are in ppm. In the printed table are symbols next to the sequence no (seqno) that represent possible contamination by underlying substrate. These symbols are NOT represented in the computer file. You may want to flag them in a dbms. They are as follows: dagger=basalt, double dagger=carbonate and asterick=high magnesium. (I don't have these symbols in my word processor, that's why I'm writing them out!!) FILE02.F - Table 2. Analyses by our labs in Woods Hole. Done by XRF. For these data, asterisks next to the lab# signifies an analysis done with DC PLASMA SPECTROMETRY for comparative studies. The fields 500oC and 1000oC are weight percent loss on ignition (LOI). FILE03.F - Table 3. Bureau of Mines labs in Avondale, Md for interlaboratory analyses. Method used was Atomic Absorption (AA). FILE04.F - Table 4. Bulk sample and micro-sampling by drilling by spectrometric methods. FILE05.F and FILE5a.F - Table 5 & Table 5a. Shipboard data (XRF Portaspec) FILE06.F - Table 6. Japanese data (AA after borate fusion) FILE07.F - Table 7. Analytical Services, Co.(AA?)- Kana Keoki 84 samples FILE08.F - Table 8. Aplin PhD thesis - Major elements by AA, rare earths by chemical separation followed by ICP. FILE09.F - Table 9. SIO database - Changed seqno to incorporate analysis number, therefore 0800024-01 is sequence number = 0800024 and analysis number = 01. Changed codes to text in description of sample type, portion sampled and nucleus. Note the fields, sample type and sample portion as recorded in the datafile each have two fields associated with it. They need to be concatenated into one field. Fields 30 and 31 = sample type and fields 32 and 33 = portion sampled. FILE10.F - Table 10. SIO database - trace elements. Chemical values followed by an asterisk are considered to be highly questionable. FILE11.F - Table 11. NGDC data Corresponding sample data are in file NGDC.txt. FILE12.F - FILE18.F These tables contain chemical analyses from references as stated in the captions. Note that in table 13, Ba should be in ppm. All corresponding sample data other than the NGDC data listed in Table 11. are stored in the file called ussamp.sta. There are some sample records that do not have chemical analyses associated with them. They include dredges were there was no recovery, camera stations and physical oceanographic stations (Multisonde) where physical properties of the water column were taken on the German/US MIDPAC cruises. The following file is a listing of attributes and codes affiliated with the INGRES database of "world ocean ferromanganese crust" samples. The database contains crust samples from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SIO) Manganese Nodule Databank and from the U.S. Geological survey's collection of samples from repositories within the U.S. by Frank T. Manheim and Candice M. Bostwick. These two sources combined, represent a comprehensive collection of crust samples and chemistry from the world oceans. INGRES data tables SIOsamp SIO sample data SIOchem SIO chemical data USGSsamp USGS sample data USGSchem USGS chemical data "SIOsamp" was created from a tape obtained from NGDC/NOAA containing over 10,000 records of station data for the SIO nodule database. From this tape only the records where occ=nar or surlth=mp were incorporated into siobase. occ=nar signifies the presence of at least one set of chemical analyses for that particular sample in the SIO nodule analysis file and surlth=mp indicates the observance of manganese pavement. This resulted in a datafile containing 2,843 sample records. The following is a list of attributes associated with SIOsamp (the INGRES master SIO sample data file). seqno sequence number for linking master files cruise cruise id lat latitude in decimal degrees lon longitude in decimal degrees samdev type of sampling device depth depth in meters clngth length of core in centimeters inst institution affiliated with the sample refno reference number linkable with SIO reference file surlth type of surface lithology observed occ occurrence sorb surface or below surface sample %covg percent of coverage source source of percent estimate kg/m2 resource estimate "SIOchem" contains all of the chemical analyses from the SIO chemical analysis datafile. There were 6,825 records present, however the majority of these analyses were for nodules (ie. smptyp be 1,5). A subset of data was derived from "SIOchem" which contained 629 chemical analyses of crusts. The SIO investigators listed five sample types (ie. smptyp=6,7,8,9+10) that we have used for criteria in the derivation of this subset. They are defined by SIO as the following: 6 = mn-encrusted sediment 7 = mn-coated rock 8 = crust,pavement 9 = mn-coated organic material 10 = several crusts The other specification in the extraction of chemical data from "SIOchem" when we derived the subset was that we would include all chemical analyses where cobalt was greater than or equal to 0.5%, whether they were classified as crusts or nodules. This specification would either discern an incorrect interpretation of sample type (since many crusts have a higher percent cobalt than nodules) or it would support the theory that nodules found on tops of seamounts have a higher percent cobalt. The following is a list of attributes associated with SIOchem (the INGRES master SIO chemical analysis data file) seqno sequence number for linking analno analysis number smptyp sample type no.1-10 (ie.8=crust,pavement) smppor sample portion no.1-20 (ie. 10=outer layer or outer crust) sdiam sample diameter (cm.) slengt sample length (cm.) swidth sample width (cm.) core material description of core morph morphology of sample (ie. Botryoidal) refid reference id for chemical analyses method method code (aa=atomic absorbtion) mn manganese conc. (%) fe iron conc.(%) co cobalt conc. (%) ni nickel conc. (%) cu copper conc. (%) zn zinc conc. (%) pb lead conc. (%) al aluminum conc. (%) si silica conc. (%) ca calcium conc. (%) h2o- water content (%) "USGSsamp" and "USGSchem" are both INGRES table files for The USGS "World Ocean Ferromanganese Crust Database". They have been designed to contain many of the same attributes as the SIO nodule station and chemical analysis files respectively, however with more information. The subfile derived from "SIOchem" containing "crusts" as defined by us has been linked with "SIOsamp" to obtain SIO sample data pertinent to the crusts. It has been incorporated into the USGS crust database station file, "USGSsamp", and the SIO chemical analyses have been incorporated into the USGS crust chemical analysis datafile "USGSchem". Listed below are the attributes associated with the USGS crust database station file "USGSsamp". seqno sequence number for linking-1st 3 digits are the marsden square number. last 3 digits are The computer sample no. assigned when data is entered lat1 latitude on bottom in decimal degrees lat2 latitude off bottom in decimal degrees lon1 longitude on bottom in decimal degrees lon2 longitude off bottom in decimal degrees depth1 depth on bottom in meters depth2 depth off bottom in meters cruise cruise identification statio station number samp# sample number moncol month collected daycol day collected yrcol year collected hour time collected sec " " phase1 phases collected smpdev sampling device amtcol amount collected unitsc units of amt collected inst institution affiliated with the sample photo photo available (y or n) phase2 phase analyzed thick mean thickness of crust (cm.) morph morphology of crust refid reference number to link with reference file navcde navigation quality code commnt comments The distribution of these station data and an explanation of the seqno numbering system is available in the Misc. Field Studies Map MF-1869. For the attribute "smpdev" (sampling device), any description can be entered, however the following descriptions already exist and it would be advantageous to use these. DREDGE CHBG DREDGE TRAWL DREDGE ROCK DREDGE PIPE DREDGE BUCKET DREDGE CORE PISTON CORE TRIP CORE GRAVITY CORE BOX CORE DRILL CORE FREEFALL CORE GRAB FREEFALL GRAB CATCHER GRAB BOX GRAB SMITH MC GRAB SUBMERSIBLE ACCIDENTAL RECOVERY ON BOTTOM INSTRUMENT OTHER The attribute "inst" (institution) affiliated with sample, uses the following acronyms: UMIAMI - University of Miami SIO - Scripps Institute of Oceanography HIG - Hawaii Institute of Geophysics USGS - U.S. Geological Survey LDGO - Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory FSU - Florida State University USSR - Russian data WHOI - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution UWASH - University of Washington OSU - Oregon State University AK - University of Alaska TUCLZ - Technical University Clausthal-Zellerfeld SMIT - Smithsonion The attribute "morph" (morphology of crust) uses a alphanumeric code as detailed below: A = botryoidal B = smooth C = friable The attribute "navcde" (navigation quality) uses codes defined below: A = Loran C with satellite updates B = Loran C C = Loran A D = dead reckoning with updates E = dead reckoning Listed below are the attributes associated with the USGS crust database chemical analysis file "USGSchem" seqno sequence number for linking analno number of analysis. use new number for each analysis per sample labno laboratory number assigned by lab doing analysis amtanl amount analyzed units units of amt analyzed labcde laboratory code (defined below) monanl month analyzed dayanl day analyzed yranl year analyzed smppor portion of sample analyzed code (defined below) core brief description of substrate material method method code (defined below) errcde error code (defined below) modcde water modification code (defined below) The chemical constituents available in this file include the following: as, ba, ca, cd, ce, co, cu, cr, k, mg, p, si, na, ni, pb, sr, mo, v, zn, ti, al, y, ce, co2, h2o-, h2o+, sum refid reference number for chemistry reference file commnt comments Codes used in table file "USGSchem": labcde -lab that performed The analyses A = USGS - alabs in reston B = USGS - woods hole C = USBM - avondale,md. D = USGS - menlo park E = SIO F = Shipboard analysis G = German data (Marchig+Halbach) H = WHOI smppor -portion of sample analyzed A = whole crust thickness B = top millimeter or less of crust C = other sampling D = sem cross section E = substrate F = SIO nodule with high cobalt (ie.>=0.5%) G = fragments of crust H = top of sample (nodule or crust) J = bottom of sample (as above) K = composite L = unknown M = middle of crust thickness O = older section of crust Y = younger section of crust method -analytical method used in analysis A = primarily icp, except water, platinum metals and oxides B = wet chemical C = dc plasma spectrometer D = atomic absorption E = atomic absorption - graphite furnace F = colorimetric G = coulometric H = chn analyser J = neutron activation K = mass spectrograph L = fluorimetry M = semi-quantitative spectrograph N = x-ray fluorescence O = other, see reference id P = unspecified Q = edxa R = quantitative emission spectrograph S = calculation T = fire assay- neutron activation V = flame photometry X = microprobe analysis errcde -error code for analysis A = standardized for systematic error B = recognized lab without error data C = analytical methods unknown D = analytical method error known or suspected E = shipboard data F = SIO data see ref id modcde -water modification code A = 110oC (oven dried) B = air dry w/ water loss data* C = undetermined Note: there are NO INGRES data files on this CD-ROM. The following is additional documentation for the USGS Crust data files, added at NGDC: NGDC Note: All of the NGDC and SIO data in these files are also represented in the NGDC Marine Minerals Database elsewhere on this CD-ROM. Most of the USGS crust data are also contained in the Marine Minerals Database. NGDC data in the USGS crust data files were transmitted to the USGS prior to final checking and may not match data retrieved using the CD- ROM software. USGS crust data are as received from the USGS and have not been edited or inspected by NGDC. For questions about the data in these files, or to obtain a copy of the associated Open-File Report, please contact the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, MA. All data files are comma-delimited. Delimiters occur following each field, the end of each record is marked with a $ The following describe the order of occurrence of elements/compounds in the USGS files above (taken from USGS Open-File Report 89-020) file01: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)SiO2,TiO2,MnO2,Fe2O3,Al2O3, Co3O4,NiO,CuO,CaO,MgO,Na2O,K2O,CO2,P2O5,H2O+,H2O-,Sum,(_ppm)As,Ba,Cd,Ce,Cr, Mo,Pb,Sr,V,Y,Zn,gamma,sampled,interval File02: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Si,Ti,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Ca,Mg,K,P ,H2O-,500 deg C,1000 deg C,sampled,interval File03: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Ti,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Ca,Mg,Na, P,(_ppm)Ba,Mo,Pb,Sr,V,Zn,sampled,interval File04: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Si,Ti,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Ca,Mg, P,H2O-,(_ppm)As,Cr,Pb,Sr,Zn,sampled,interval File05: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,(_ppm)Pb,Zn, sampled,interval File05a: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Si,Ti,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Ca,P, (_ppm)Pb,Sr,Zn,sampled,interval File06: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Si,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,H2O+, (_ppm)Pb,Zn,sampled,interval File07: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,sampled, interval File08: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Ti,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Ca,Mg,Na, K,P,(_ppm)Ba,Cd,Cr,Mo,Pb,Sr,V,Zn,thickness(mm) File08a: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_ppm)La,Ce,Pr,Hd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Er,Yb, La,thickness(mm) File09: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,(_wtpct)Si,Ti,Mn,Fe,Al,Co,Ni,Cu,Ca,Mg,Na,K, P,H2O-,(_ppm)As,Ba,Cd,Ce,Cr,Mo,Pb,Sr,V,Y,Zn,sample type, portion sampled,nucleus,reference File10: These are not in a definite order - please see OFR89-020 for more information. File11: MMBIB,sampleno,subsample id,sample type,latitude,longitude,depth,(_wtpct)Al, Ca,Co,Cu,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni,P,Si,Ti,H2O-,(_ppm)As,Ba,Cd,Ce,Cr,Mo,Pb,Pt,V,Y,Zn File12: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Fe,Mn,Cu,Ni,Co,Si,Al,Ti,Ca,K,P ,(_ppm)As,Ba,Mo,Pb,Sr,Y,Zn,Zr (table rounded to fewer decimal places, extra column of numbers between Ca and K in file. File13: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,data varies for rest of record File14: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,sampleno,(_wtpct)Fe,Mn,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Ni, Co,Ti,thickness(mm),substrate1,substrate2 File15: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,subsampleno,position from surface(mm), (_wtpct)Fe,Mn,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Ni,Co,Zn File16: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Al,Ca,Co,Cu,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni, Si,Ti,(_ppm)Ag,Ba,Cd,Pb,V,Zn,LOI(_wtpct) File17: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Al,Ca,Co,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Ni,P,Si, Ti,V,thickness(mm) File18: Sequenceno,latitude,longitude,depth,labno,(_wtpct)Si,Al,Fe,Mg,Ca,Na,K,Ti,P,Mn, H2O-,H2O+,CO2,(_ppm)As,Ba,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Mo,Ni,Pb,Sr,V,Zn,thickness(mm), (_ppm)Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Pt,Pd,Rh