DSDP/Paleo 8/86 =============================== = DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT = = PALEONTOLOGY DATA BASE = =============================== I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND AND METHODS The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) paleontologic data base is prepared from data published in the DSDP Initial Reports. The data base contains all of the **Cenozoic paleo data from each Initial Report. Reworked material is not included as part of the data set. All records within the data base have the same basic format. If multiple physical records are needed to complete a logical record (a complete slide description) then columns 1-91 are repeated on successive physical records. The last two columns store the physical record number pertaining to each logical record. Every record is 234 characters in length. The data is organized first by fossil group then by the cruise leg number. Since there may be more than one investigator contributing studies for the same fossil group and leg, each investigator's name appears on the record along with an Initial Report volume number and page reference. ** For data on sediments older than the Cenozoic, contact: Please see current system notes. B. LEGS IN DATA SET The database currently contains data for legs 1-96. C. DATA REQUESTS These data are archived at the National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. II. FORMAT AND FIELD DESCRIPTIONS A. DATA FORMAT Record length = 234 characters COLUMN FIELD FORMAT ====== ========================================== ====== 1-2 LEG A2 3-5 SITE A3 6 HOLE A1 7-9 CORE A3 10-11 SECTION A2 12-15 TOP INTERVAL DEPTH (cm) F4.1 16-19 BOTTOM INTERVAL DEPTH (cm) F4.1 20-27 COREDEPTH (meters) F8.2 28-35 SAMPLE DEPTH (meters) F8.2 36-37 TOTAL NUMBER OF OBSERVED FOSSILS (0-99) I2 38-67 INVESTIGATORS NAME(S) A30 68-72 PUBLICATION DATE (month/year) A5 73-74 DSDP INTITIAL REPORT VOLUME NUMBER I2 75 FOSSIL GROUP CODE (A-Z) A1 76 GROUP ABUNDANCE A1 77 CHEMICAL OVERGROWTH (scaled 0-3) A1 78 CHEMICAL DISSOLUTION (scaled 0-3) A1 79 MECHANICAL PRESERVATION (G,M,P) A1 80-87 AGE CODE A8 88-91 PAGE NUMBER REFERENCE A4 92-231 FOSSIL CODE/ADUNDANCE/PRESERVATION GROUPS* 10A14 ** Up to 10 groups allowed per record FOSSIL CODE (characters 1-9) FOSSIL ABUNDANCE (characters 10-11) SLASH "/" (character 12) (optional) FOSSIL PRESERVATION (char.13-14) (optional)** 232 RECORD JOIN CODE A1 233-234 PHYSICAL RECORD NUMBER (1,2,...) I2 **NGDC NOTE: No preservation data were found in this field. Also note that the genus/species is usually as found in the Initial Reports-Genera/species which have been renamed may be found Under more than one name/code - please see fossil codes dictionary B. FIELD DESCRIPTIONS The definition of leg, site, hole, core and section may be found in the explanatory notes. In addition, the special core designations, as well as the methods of sample labeling and calculating absolute sample depths are discussed. INTERVAL DEPTH: The depth in centimeters from the top of the core section. Values are written with an implicit decimal point ("1234" = 123.4 cm.). The tenths digit is typically zero. CORE DEPTH: The subbottom depth in meters to the top of the core. SAMPLE DEPTH: The subbottom depth in meters to the middle of the sample. CHEMICAL OVERGROWTH: A measure of the chemical deposition of material on the surface of the fossil(s). It is an integer scale from 0 to 6, where 0 represents no overgrowth, and 6 is maximum overgrowth. CHEMICAL DISSOLUTION: A measure of the amount of fossil dissolution which has taken place. It is an integer scale from from 0 to 6 where 0 represents no dissolution and 6 maximum dissolution. MECHANICAL PRESERVATION: A measure of the physical condition of the fossil(s) in the sample. G=GOOD M=MODERATE P=POOR GROUP ABUNDANCE: Gives the relative abundance of the fossil group using the following scale. P=PRESENT T=TRACE R=RARE F=FEW C=COMMON A=ABUNDANT D=DOMINANT GROUP CODE: There were twenty-six (A-Z) fossil group codes. Only twenty-one groups have data files. GROUP CODE GROUP NAME ========== ====================== A APTYCHI B BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA C DINOFLAGELLATES D DIATOMS E CRINOIDS F PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA G ALGAE H * PTEROPODS I * MISCELLANEOUS FOSSILS J ARCHAEOMONADS K CALCISPHERULIDES L * CALPIONELLIDS M * MOLLUSCS N NANNOFOSSILS O OSTRACODES P POLLEN AND SPORES Q EBRIDIANS & ACTINICIDIANS R RADIOLARIA S SILICOFLAGELLATES T TRACE FOSSILS U * COPROLITHS V RHYNCOLLITES W AMMONITES X PHYTOLITHARIA Y FISH DEBRIS Z BRYOZOANS * Not represented in the DSDP data base. AGE CODE: The age code is an eight digit integer which represents the age that has been assigned to the interval from which the sample was taken. An age code dictionary is available as a separate file which normally accompanies the paleo data base (see page 7). PAGE NUMBER REFERENCE Indicates the page number or appendix (APP) within the Initial Report from which the information was taken. It may also indicate that the information came from a supplemental (SUPP) publication. FOSSIL CODE/ABUNDANCE/PRESERVATION GROUP A fourteen character repeating data field which identifies each fossil and indicates relative abundance and state of preservation. The structure of this group code is outlined below. CHARACTER REPRESENTS ========= ============================== 1 FOSSIL CODE: GROUP CODE (A-Z) 2-5 GENUS CODE 6-9 SPECIES NUMBER 10-11 FOSSIL ABUNDANCE 12 slash "/" (optional) 13-14 FOSSIL PRESERVATION (optional) FOSSIL CODE (characters 1-9): The fossil code contains a group code (A-Z), a 4 letter genus code and a 4 digit species number. There is a fossil code dictionary, available as a separate data file, which lists the codes and the corresponding fossil names. Within the dictionary, any fossil whose name is followed by a parenthetically enclosed Q "(Q)" has a questionable identity. This allows for a fossil whose identity was not certain to be associated with a distinct code. FOSSIL ABUNDANCE (characters 10-11): Equivalent to the group abundance field described earlier except that numerical percentages (0-99%) may also occur. FOSSIL PRESERVATION (characters 13-14): If a letter is encoded (G,M,P) it represents the level of mechanical preservation mentioned earlier. If an integer is encoded the information is related either to chemical dissolution (-6 to 0) or chemical overgrowth (0 to +6) as described earlier. RECORD JOIN CODE: Indicates the treatment of duplicate source records. In most cases data from duplicate records represents data from the same slide examination which was displayed in different parts of the Initial Report. These records are joined with all data assigned to the page number representing the major source. An encoded "P" indicates that the logical record contains two or more observations of the same slide, eg. a range chart entry and a plate reference. An "I" code indicates the data manager felt the observations should remain independent. AGE CODE DICTIONARY FILE ======================== The age codes are integer values which represent specific geological ages. The construct of the code in eight digits allows immediate recognition of age level (i.e. era, period, epoch, etc.). As an auxiliary file the age code dictionary is necessary for interpreting the ages assigned to each record within the paleo data base. The file contains all of the numeric age codes, age names and age mnemonics used by the Deep Sea Drilling Project. AGE CODE FORMAT COLUMN FIELD FORMAT ====== ========================= ====== 1-6 AGE MNEMONIC A6 7-14 AGE CODE I8 15 space X1 16 AGE LEVEL (1-7) I1 17 space X1 18-37 AGE NAME (full name) A20 38-43 UPPER AGE MNEMONIC A6 44-50 UPPER AGE CODE I7 51 space X1 52-57 LOWER AGE MNEMONIC I6 58-64 LOWER AGE CODE I7 65 space X1 66-70 UPPER AGE (million years) F5.0 73-77 LOWER AGE (million years) F5.0 78-80 space X3 AGE CODE: An eight digit hierarchical code which represents a specific age. The code is designed to provide age level information as outlined below. CODE DIGIT AGE LEVEL ========== ============= 1 (1) ERA 2-3 (2) PERIOD 4 (3) SUBPERIOD 5 (4) EPOCH 6 (5) SUBEPOCH 7 (6) STAGE 8 (7) SUBSTAGE AGE MNEMONIC: An abbreviation of the age name. AGE (million years): The upper and lower absolute age assigned by the DSDP to each geological age. Absolute ages were assigned for internal DSDP use only and are subject to revision. NGDC NOTES: Age codes throughout the paleontology data files have the following problems which were fixed at NGDC: 1) Agecodes consisting of a single zero were expanded to eight zeros. 2) Seven-digit agecodes were changed to eight by adding a zero. 3) Non-matching codes were hand-edited after checking the Initial Reports volumes (see list of Legs/Holes/ Cores/Sections for each data file below). FOSSIL CODE DICTIONARY FILE =========================== The fossil code dictionary is an auxillary file which contains all of the fossil codes and their corresponding names. This dictionary is required to interpret the fossil codes used within the DSDP paleo data base. In order to accomodate instances where fossil identification is in question, there will be two codes for the same fossil. One code is used when a postive identification was made and the other whenever the identification was questionable. If the identification was questionable the fossil name is followed by a parenthetically enclosed Q "(Q)". DICTIONARY FORMAT COLUMN FIELD FORMAT ====== ====================== ====== 1-9 DICTIONARY FOSSIL CODE A9 10 space X1 11-80 DICTIONARY FOSSIL NAME A70 DICTIONARY FOSSIL CODE: The dictionary fossil code coincides with the nine character fossil code described earlier in this document (see FOSSIL CODE/ABUNDANCE/PRESERVATION). CHARACTER REPRESENTS ========= ============== 1 GROUP CODE 2-5 GENUS CODE 6-9 SPECIES NUMBER DICTIONARY FOSSIL NAME: The complete fossil name. A fossil name followed by a parenthetically enclosed Q "(Q)" denotes instances when identification was questionable. Spelling of the names were recorded as they appeared in the Initial Reports. When conflicts in spelling did occur DSDP attempted to resolve them by consulting with a paleontologist in the appropriate field. In cases where conflicts were not resolved, both names are included and both should be searched for if the user believes they are the same species. Occasionally, two numbers may appear for the same fossil. the user should be aware that both codes should be searched for to insure finding all occurrences of that particular species. NGDC NOTE: There are still some spelling errors and inconsistencies. NGDC NOTES: Considering the enormous amount of data, these files were remarkably clean. However, in files of such size, even a very small percentage of errors can be significant to the user, so we have attempted to resolve as many problems as possible before including the data on this CD-ROM. AGECODES: Problems with agecodes are summarized on page 7 of this documentation file. A computer algorithm was applied to the data base to add trailing zeros in the eighth positon or zero-fill the code if it was blank except for one zero. These two steps were taken after careful inspection of the data so that users could use the agecodes files more effectively in conjunction with the paleontology files. After these corrections were made, the files were again checked for codes not represented in the agecodes file. There were very few mismatches at this point, and they were hand-edited after consulting the Initial Reports. A list of these hand-edits is given by fossil group below in case the user would like to confirm the changes. The following fossil groups had no incorrect agecodes: Ammonites, Crinoids, Phytolitharia, and Rhyncollites. FOSSIL CODES: In some of the fossil groups, species codes were found in the data file which were not represented in the fossil codes dictionary for that group. All code mis-matches were resolved by first consulting the Initial Reports, then taking suggested corrections to experts in the field for final judgement. (The ODP staff assisted with the diatoms, pollen, and ostracods.) NGDC thanks the several micropaleontologists who graciously assisted us, including (alphabetically) Dr. David Bukry, Dr. Stefen Gartner, Dr. William Hay, Dr. Alfred Loeblich, Dr. Ted Moore, Dr. William Riedel, and Dr. John Saunders. Please note, however, that if the resolutions are incorrect, it is the responsiblity of the NGDC for insufficently researching the problem. Many of the researchers who kindly assisted us may not have had access to all of the neccessary documentation to retrace the inconsistencies and were working only from information supplied by NGDC (or in the case of diatoms, ostracods, and pollen by ODP). Also, users should be aware that codes which are incorrect in the data files but do match the fossil codes dictionary are not flagged but may occur occasionally due to coding or entry errors. SEQUENCING ERRORS: Cores found out of order in the data base were moved to their proper position. Out-of-order sections may still occur within a core. INTERVAL DEPTHS: In some cases, depths to top/bottom of interval may be blank, or depth to bottom of interval may be blank or zero, giving an apparent bottom depth less than top depth. CHANGES MADE BY GROUP: BENTHIC FORAMS Age codes: Age (IR) Old Code New Code Leg/Hole/Core/Section -------------- -------- -------- --------------------- L. Oligocene 10331050 10331500 60/459B/56/ 3, 4,CC 60/459B/57/ 1, 2, 3 60/459B/58/ 1, 2, 3 60/459B/59/ 1, 2 Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made by NGDC ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Aragonia sp. BARAO0030 to BARAG0055 (Aragonia sp. in dictionary) Bulimina pupoides BBULI0341 to BBULI0340 (B. pupoides in dictionary) Cassidulinoides BCASI0025 to BCASD0025 (C. braziliensis in dictionary) braziliensis BCASI0027 Cibicidoides BCIBC0051 to BCIBC0050 (C. haitensis in dictionary) haitiensis (spelling change in dicitonary to haitiensis) Fissuriva BFISS0035 to BFISS0036 (F. laevigata in dictionary) laevigata Globocassidulina BGLOQ0010 to BGLOO0010 (G. subglobosa in dictionary) subglobosa Heterolepa BHETE0050 to BHETE0005 (H. grimsdalei in dictionary) grimsdalei Heterolepa BHETE0009 to BHETE0017 (H. kullenbergi in dictionary) kullenbergi Loxostomoides BLOXO0005 to BLOXO0015 (L. applinae in dictionary) applinae Nonion laeve BNONI0558 to BNONI0058 (N. laeve in dictionary) Osangularia BOSAN0086 to BOSAN0093 (O. rugosa in dictionary) rugosa Fossil Codes Dictionary Modifications: Only obvious, gross spelling errors in a genus which occurred once in a long string of species of that genus were corrected. Inspection was visual and no guarantees are given of thoroughness. Code BCIBI0307 "CIB" was changed to Cibicides westi after inspection of data and Initial Reports. DIATOMS Age codes: Age (IR) Old Code New Code Leg/Hole/Core/Section -------------- -------- -------- --------------------- U. Paleocene 10535100 10335100 36/327A/ 6/ 4 M. Miocene 30313300 10313300 85/574 /25/CC Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made (as suggested by ODP) ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Arachnoidiscus sp. DARAH0030 to DARAC0040, genus spelling change to Arachnodiscus Raphidodiscus DRAPH0010 to DRHAH0010, genus spelling change to marylandicus Raphidodicus Roperia tesselata DROBE0020 dictionary entry of DROPE0020 changed to DROBE0020 Stephanodiscus- DSTCY0010 added to the dictionary as a new code Cyclotella Stephanopyxis sp. DSTEA0011 to DSTEA0010, apparent entry error Stephanopyxis DSTEA0245 to DSTEA0240 (S. schenckii in dictionary) schenckii Stephanopyxis DSTEA0245 to DSTEA0246 (S. schenckii (Q) in dictionary) cf. schenckii Triceratium DTRIQ0101 to DTRIC0181 (T. cruciformis (Q) in cruciformis(Q) dictionary) Nitzschia DNITZ0675 to DNITZ0655 (N. trybionella in dictionary) trybionella NANNOFOSSILS In addition to other problems noted, some planktonic foram data for Leg 23 was found in the nannofossil data file. It duplicated data in the planktonic foram data base and was deleted. Age codes: Age (IR) Old Code New Code Leg/Hole/Core/Section -------------- -------- -------- --------------------- L. Miocene 10373500 10313500 8/ 70 /12/ 2 L. Pliocene 10111500 10311500 14/141 / 6/ 1 Paleocene 10355000 10335000 15/151 /11/ 6 M. Miocene 03133000 10313300 36/329 /26/ 3 Pleistocene 10103000 10133000 74/526 / 1/ 1,CC 74/526 / 2/ 1,CC 74/526B/ 1/ 1,CC 74/526B/ 2/CC L. Pleistocene 10135000 10133500 84/568 /11/CC 84/568 /12/ 2,CC Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made By NGDC ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Discoaster cf. NDISC0241 to NDISC0239 (D. lidzi (Q) in dictionary) lidzi & lidzii dictionary spelling changed to lidzii Cyclagelosphaera NCYCG0010 to NCYCL0030 (C. Margerelii in dictionary) margereli Cyclagelospahera NCYCG0020 to NCYCL0040 (Cyclagelosphaera reinhardtii reinhardtii in dictionary) Cyclagelosphaera NCYCG0020 same as above reinhardtii Neochiastozygus NNEOC0038 to NNEOC0036 (N. imbriei (Q) in dictionary) cf. N. imbriei Calcidiscus NCALD0005 to NCALD0010 (C. leptoporus in dictionary) leptoporus the dictionary entry for NCALD0005 read simply "C" Fossil Codes Dictionary Modifications (with input from Dr. David Bukry): 1) NASTR0024 (Astronion echolsi) was removed as a nannofossil code as a suspected benthic foram. 2) The spelling of genus Bramlettius and genus Brammlettius were changed to Bramletteius 3) NCALD0005 "C" was removed, as was NCALD0006 Calcidiscus gammation. Both represented duplicates of NCALD0004. All occurrences of NCALD0005 & 6 in the data file were changed to NCALD0004. 4) The spelling of species Catinaster coalithus was changed to Catinaster coalitus 5) NCERO0065 Ceratolithus helesmus was removed from the dictionary, and all occurrences of NCERO0065 changed to NCERO0090 Ceratolithus telesmus 6) The spelling of species Chiasmolithus subrotondus was changed to Chiasmolithus subrotundus 7) NCIBI0309 Cibicides whitei was removed as a suspected foram 8) NCOCO0054 Coccolithus copelogicus was removed from the dictionary, and all occurrences of NCOCO0054 in the data base were changed to NCOCO0100 coccolithus eopelagicus. 9) The spelling of species Cretarhabdus stiatus was changed to Cretarhabdus striatus. 10) The spelling of species Cribrosphaera ehrenbergi was changed to ehrenbergii 11) The spelling of species Cruciplacolithus mustatus was changed to mutatus 12) All occurrences of s.l. were changed to s. ampl. 13) Discoaster druggi was changed to druggii 14) Discoaster intercalcarus (Q) was changed to intercalaris (Q) 15) Discoaster phyllodes (Q) was changed to phyllodus (Q) 16) Discoaster tani nodifer (Q) was changed to tanii nodifer (Q) 17) Micrascidites was noted as a tunicate by adding (tunicate) but left as a code because tunicates are not noted in other files 18) Nannoconus elongatus cylindicus was changed to elongatus cylindricus 19) Reticulofenestra placamorpha (small center) was changed to placomorpha (small center) 20) Reticulofenestra temistriata (Q) was changed to tenustriata (Q) 21) Reticulofenestra umbilicata was changed to umbilica 22) Rhabdosphaera purlonga (Q) was changed to perlonga (Q) 23) NSPHN0161 Sphenolithus liperoensis was removed from the dictionary and all occurrences of NSPHN0161 in the data file were changed to NSPHN0050 Sphenolithus ciperoensis 24) NTRIQ0012 Triquetrorhabdulus sp. cf. T. carinatus was removed and all occurrences of NTRIQ0012 were changed to NTRIQ0011 T. carinatus (Q) to conform to treatment of other species 25) The spelling of species Zygodiscus meudini was changed to meudinii OSTRACODS Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made (as suggested by ODP) ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Argilloecia sp. OARGI0010 changed dictionary code from OAGRI0010 to OARGI0010 to match data and other species of Argilloecia. Replaced all OAGRI0010 in the data base with OARGI0010 Cytheropteron sp. OCYTP0010 added to dictionary Bosquetina OROSQ0010 to OBOSQ0010 (B. fenstratum in dictionary) fenestratum Fossil Codes Dictionary Modifications: (made at NGDC - no ODP input) 1) Code OACAN0010 was listed as "ACA". This was modified in the dictionary to Acanthocythereis sp. (Q) after consulting the Initial Reports for the sample in which that code occurred (Vol. 87, page 605). PLANKTONIC FORAMS In addition to other problems noted, Leg 23 of the data were out of order with respect to the other legs, they were placed in proper order. Age codes: Age (IR) Old Code New Code Leg/Hole/Core/Section -------------- -------- -------- --------------------- U. Pliocene 00311100 10311100 14/141 / 2/ 5 Oligocene 10531000 10331000 33/317B/25/ 4 Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made By NGDC ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Globorotalia FGLOA0385 to FGLOA0386, (G. peripheroronda in peripheronda dictionary) Globorotalia FGLOA0506 to FGLOA0507, (G. sphericonomiozea in shericomiozea dictionary) Globigerinoides FGLOD0082 to FGLOD0080, (G. bulloides in dictionary) bulloideus Globigerinoides FGLOD0491 added FGLOD0491 to dictionary as G. sacculifer cf. sacculifer fistulosus (Q) fistulosus Globigerina FGLOG0078 to FGLOG0575 (G. pachyderma in dictionary) pachyderma Note: left coiling had already been (right coiling) changed to FGLOG0575 at DSDP. For some intervals, two entries will appear with this code, so abundances must be totalled. Globigerina FGLOG4313 to FGLOG0416 (G. linaperta (Q)) linaperta (Q) Globigerina sp. FGLOG0586 to FGLOG0005 (Globigerina sp. in dictionary) Globigerina sp. FGLOG0732 to FGLOG0005 (Globigerina sp. in dictionary) Globigerinita FGLOT0101 added FGLOT0101 to dictionary as G. glutinata s.l. glutinata s.l. Pseudogloboquadrina FPSEG0050 to FPSEU0010 (P. primitiva in dictionary) primitiva Woodringina sp. FWODR0010 added FWODR0010 to dictionary as Woodringina sp. (FWODR matched other species) changed FWODR0010 to FWODR0010 in data POLLEN & SPORES Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made (* = as suggested by ODP) ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Labiatae PLABI0010 *to PLABA0010 (Labiatae in dictionary) Ericaceae PFRIA0010 to PERIA0010 (Ericaceae in dictionary) Polyadopollenites PPOLD0010 to PPOLA0010 (Polyadopollenites sp. in sp. dictionary) RADIOLARIA Age codes: Age (IR) Old Code New Code Leg/Hole/Core/Section -------------- -------- -------- --------------------- M. Miocene 10315300 10313300 31/296 /28/ 2 Fossil Codes: Code in Species in IR Data Changes Made By NGDC ------------------- --------- --------------------------------------------- Anthocyrtoma sp. RANTC0010 to RANTT0010 (Anthocyrtoma sp. in dictionary) Carpocaniidae RCARI0010 added RCARI0010 to dictionary Collosphaeridae RCOLL0080 added RCOLL0080 to dictionary Euchitonia furcata REUCH0035 to REUCH0030 (E. furcata in dictionary) Lithostrobus RLITV0015 added RLITV0015 to dictionary hexagonalis Lithostrobus sp. RLITV0020 added RLITV0020 to dictionary Ommatodiscus sp. ROMMA0005 to ROMMO0005 (Ommatodiscus sp. in dictionary) Orosphaeridae ROROP0010 added ROROP0010 to dictionary SILICOFLAGELLATES Age codes: Age (IR) Old Code New Code Leg/Hole/Core/Section -------------- -------- -------- --------------------- Quaternary 10100010 10100000 16/157 / 7/ 5 Fossil Codes: 1) Several species of the genus Distephanus which were coded from vol 81, page 552 Table 5 for Hole 554, Core 8, Section 3 and Hole 554A, Core 1, Section 1 had been entered into the data with the 5-digit prefix for the genus Dictyocha (SDICT) rather than SDIST which indicated Distephanus. The prefixes were changed in the data for those two intervals only. 2) The spelling of two entries in the fossil codes dictionary for the genus Dictyocha were modified from Dityocha to Dictyocha (SDICT0129, D. concovata & SDICT0495, D. perfecta).