====================================================== = DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT = = CLAY MINERALOGY, ADDITIONAL DATA CODED BY WHOI = ====================================================== I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND AND METHODS This data set consists of results from analyses made by a large number of scientists from various countries who applied a total of 60 different methods to clay mineral analyses. These data were encoded at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, under the direction of Dr. J. Mienert from the Initial Reports, and are intended as an extension of the x-ray mineralogy data compiled by the DSDP data management staff for Legs 1-37 of the DSDP. The data compiled at DSDP were from x-ray diffraction analyses made by the University of Califoria at Riverside X-Ray Mineralogy Laboratory, and are contained in separate data sets. Legs 38 through 96 data were digitized by WHOI completely from published articles of DSDP volumes, ie. from a variety of different tables, bar logs, and columnar logs. The files contain both shipboard measurements and measurements made at onshore laboratories. The x-ray mineralogy data are usually presented with the relative proportions of of clay minerals (%) normalized to 100%. Purely descriptive data analyses such as a division of the relative amount of clay components into traces, rare, and common are excluded from this study because of any lack of quality control of the data. The unevenness in quality and quantity of past measurements is due to the use of different size fractions, the inadequate treatment of samples, and the inconsistency in converting XRD peak intensities to absolute or relative concentrations of clay minerals. This results in a somewhat limited treatment of deep-sea clay mineralogy. However, the data are certainly of value for studies of areas where the same method has been applied and for regional compilations of clay mineralogy data in areas of similar sediment facies. The analysis of clay minerals is organized according to grain size, in particular in three main size fractions as follows: Bulk grain sizes: > 20 microns Silt grain sizes: < 5 , < 10, 1-10, 2-20, 2-37 microns Clay grain sizes: < 1, < 2 microns The data set contains the clay minerals (%) organized in three files: xrw_bulk.dat xrw_silt.dat xrw_clay.dat The format follows the general guidelines established by the University of California at Riverside X-Ray Mineralogy Laboratory which operated from Leg 1 through Leg 37 under DSDP contract, with the following exceptions: 1. A section depth (top and bottom) is given for some samples. 2. A BSF depth is given for some samples. 3. Depth to top and bottom of sample interval are omitted. 4. The fraction field may contain micron ranges rather than the original "B", "S", or "C" for Bulk, Silt, or Clay. 5. Mineral mnemonic/Weight % couplets for one sample are all on one record, rather than using multiple records combined with a record position field. II. FORMAT AND FIELD DESCRIPTIONS A. RECORD FORMATS The data files have a logical record length of 191 characters. The data files are sorted in the following sequence by: Position Format Field Contents ======== ====== ====================================== 1-2 I2 Leg ID 3-5 I3 Site 6 A1 Hole 7-9 *A3 Core 10-11 *A2 Section 12-14 **I3 Top Section Depth 15 A1 "-" 16-18 **I3 Bottom Section Depth 19-25 **F7.2 BSF Depth 26-29 A4 Fraction 30-31 I2 Number of Minerals in Sample 32-191 20(A4,**F4.1) Couplets of mineral mnemonic followed by weight percent _____________________________ *For some holes, no core or section is given, only BSF depth. **These formats are >90% correct. In some cases, Top Section Depth may contain a decimal number. In some cases, weight percentages may be F4.0. The couplets of mineral mnemonic identify the clay mineral followed by percentages. The percentages attached to the actual minerals are weight percents relative to the particular sample and fraction, but for some analyses these values have not been normalized to 100%. Despite the fact that percentages are sometimes written to 1/10 of 1 percent, the data must be viewed as semiquantative. C. REFERENCES For an overview of the clay mineralogy data of DSDP Volume 1-44 see G. Ross Heath, 1984. X-ray Mineralogy Studies. In G. Ross Heath (ed.), Sedimentology, Physical Properties, and Geochemistry in the Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Volumes 1-44: An Overview, World Data Center A for Marine Geology and Geophysics Report MGG-1, pp. 71-91. E. X-RAY MINERAL MNEMONIC LIST: Four Character Mineral Mnemonic ======= ======== 'diffuse scattering' measure DIFF 'amorphous material' measure AMOR QUARTZ QUAR MICA & MONTMORILLONITE MICA MONTMORILLONITE MONT CHLORITE CHLO CALCITE CALC KAOLINITE KAOL K-FELDSPAR K-FE CLINOPTILOLITE CLIN PYRITE PYRI BARITE BARI PALYGORSKITE (Atapulgite; PALY Palygorskite & Sepiolite) AMPHIBOLE AMPH PHILLIPSITE PHIL CRISTOBALITE CRIS DOLOMITE DOLO GOETHITE GOET MAGNETITE MAGN GYPSUM GYPS HALITE HALI ANALCITE ANAL HEMATITE HEMA ARAGONITE ARAG SIDERITE SIDE FELDSPAR (undifferentiated) FELD APATITE APAT SEPIOLITE SEPI RHODOCHROSITE RHOD MAGNESIAN CALCITE MGCA MIXED LAYER CLAY MIXL ANHYDRITE ANHY "variety of MONTMORILLONITE" 2-MO ILLITE (Itmontmorillonite; ILLI Itmontmorillonite & Mica; Itmontmorillonite & Smectite) ALKALINE FELDSPARS AK-F (K Feldspars; Sanidine) CLAY MINERALS CMIN ZEOLITE ZEOL WAIRAKITE WAIK SEPENTINE SERP PYROXENE PYRO PYRO-PHYLLITE PYPH OPAT-CT OPAT NATRO-JARO NJAR MARCASITE MARC MAGHEMITE MAGH LEPIDOCROSITE LEPI HORNBLENDE HORN Table 1. Summary of X-ray Mineralogical Studies Reported in DSDP Volumes 1 to 9 (Including the table from Heath, 1984) FRACT (MICRONS) DATA FORMAT IN IR LEG (SITES) LOCATION BULK <2 2-20 TABLE BARLOG COLLOG METH REFERENCES DEVICE SITES NOTES =================================================================================================================================== 01 1- 7 Gulf Mexico X X M1 Rex, 1969 Brief defn of methods at Riverside lab 02 8- 12 N. Atlantic X X M1 Rex, 1970 03 13- 22 S. Atlantic X X X X M1 Rex, 1970 04 Atl, Carib. X X X X M2 Rex and Murray, 1970 Riverside meth in Appendix 05 32- 43 E N. Pacific X X X M2 Rex and Murray, 1970 06 44- 60 W N. Pacific X X X X M2 Rex et al., 1971 <1 X M3 Lisitzin, 1971 07 61- 67 W. Pacific X X X X M2 Balshaw, K.M., 1981 X X M4 Drever, J.I., 1971 Site 66 only 08 68- 75 E. Pacific X X X X X M2 Balshaw, K.M., 1982 Semiquatitative for 2-20 microns 09 76- 84 E. Pacific X X X X X M2 Basov et al., 1979 As Leg 8 10 85- 97 Gulf Mexico X X X X X M2 Beiersdorf et al., 1983 As Leg 8; lists revised peak intensity vs. conc. factors 11 98-108 E N.Atlantic X X X X X M2 Zemmels, 1972 As Leg 8; no data site 107; no methods for Hathaway samps (bulk & <2) * 12 109-119 N N.Atlantic X X X X X M5 Fan and Zemmels, 1972 no data sites 109-110; quant. all fractions 13 120-134 Mediterranean X X X X X M5 Zemmels and Cook, 1973 Site 121 only** 14 135-144 N. Atlantic X X X X X M5 Fan and Rex, 1972 No data Site143 new chl factor; no data 139, 142, 143. Table 1. Summary of X-ray Mineralogical Studies Reported in DSDP Volumes 1 to 9 (continued) FRACT (MICRONS) DATA FORMAT IN IR LEG (SITES) LOCATION BULK <2 2-20 TABLE BARLOG COLLOG METH REFERENCES DEVICE SITES NOTES =================================================================================================================================== 60 452-461 W. Pacific X M39 Desprairies, 1982 453-454 456,460-461 X X M37 Balshaw, 1982 452-454 61 462 W.Eq.Pacific X X X X M32 Nagel & Muller, 1981 462 X X X X M40 Kurnosov&Shevchenko,1981 462 62 463-466 N.Ce.Pacific X X X X M40 Nagel & Schumann, 1981 463-466 Dev XRD-DRON-1. <1 <10 M41 Rateev et al., 1981 XRD-DRON-1 463-466 CuK alpha rad. @2deg/min scan speed. Verbal list relative dominance. X X,<1 X M32,42 Hein & Vanek, 1981 XRD-NORELCO 463-466 ditto except verbal list. 63 467-473 <1 X X M41 Rateev et al., 1981 XRD-DRON-1 467-473 ditto including verbal list. 64 474-481 E. Pacific X X X M40 Schumann&Nagel, 1982 477,481, 477-479 65 482-485 E. Pacific/ ?X --- Timofeev et al., 1983 482-485 Verbal list rel. Gulf of dominance. California X X,<0.5,<1 X M43 Rangin et al., 1983 483,485 X X X X X M32 Schumann, 1983 482-485 >20 X X M32 Kurnosov et al., 1983 482-485 66 486-493 E. Pacific X X X M32 Schumann&Nagel, 1982 486-493 67 494-500 E. Pacific/ X X M32 Heinemann & Fuchtbauer, 494-496, Trench off 1982 499-500 Guatemala X X X X M40 Kurnosov et al., 1982 494-496, 499-500 X X X M38 Latouche & Maillet, XRD-Philips 494-500 Verbal list rel. 1310 dominance. X <1 1-10 X --- Kurnosov&Shevchenko, 495,499- CuK alpha rad. 1982 500 Table 1. Summary of X-ray Mineralogical Studies Reported in DSDP Volumes 1 to 9 (continued) FRACT (MICRONS) DATA FORMAT IN IR LEG (SITES) LOCATION BULK <2 2-20 TABLE BARLOG COLLOG METH REFERENCES DEVICE SITES NOTES =================================================================================================================================== 68 502-503 E. Eq. X 2-37 X M44 Zimmermann, 1982 XRD-7 G.E. 502 CuK alpha rad. Pacific @2 deg/min scan speed X X X X M32 Schumann&Nagel, 1982 502,503 CuK alpha rad. @1.8deg/min scan speed 69 501, E. Eq. >20 X X X X M45 Beirsdorf&Rosch,1983 XRD-Philips 504,505 504-505 Pacific/ ADP 10 Panama Basin 70 506-510 E. Eq. X X X M46 Honnorez et al.,1983 XRD-Philips 506,507 Verbal list rel. Pacific Norelco abundance CuK alpha rad. 1deg 2theta/min scan speed X,>20 X X X M47 Kurnosov et al.,1983 XRD-DRON- 506,507, CuK alpha rad. 1,5 509 71 511-514 S W Atlantic X X X X M48 Robert&Maillet, 1983 XRD-CGR 327,329, CuK alpha rad. theta60 330,511, @1deg 2theta/ 512,513, min scan speed 514 <1 X M49 Varentsov et al,1983 XRD-DRON-2 511,513, CuK alpha rad. 514 @2deg/min & @1deg/min scan speed Verbal list rel. dominance <1 <10 X M49 Timofeev et al.,1983 XRD-DRON-1 511,513 CuK alpha rad. @2deg/min & @1deg/min scan speed Verbal list rel. dominance 72 515-518 S W Atlantic X 2-37 M44 Zimmermann, 1983 XRD-7 G.E. 515,516, CuK alpha rad. 355,357 @2deg/min scan speed X X M50 Coulbourn, 1983 XRD-RIGAKu 515,516, CuK alpha rad. Miniflex 517 @2.4deg 2theta/ 2005 scan speed Verbal list rel. dominance 73 519-524 Ce. S. X X M33 Karpoff, 1984 519,520, CuK alpha rad. Atlantic 521,522, @1deg/min 523 scan speed 74 525 S E Atlantic X X M48 Maillet&Robert,1984 XRD-CGR 525,526, CuK alpha rad. theta60 527,528, @1deg 2theta/ 529 min scan speed Table 1. Summary of X-ray Mineralogical Studies Reported in DSDP Volumes 1 to 9 (continued) FRACT (MICRONS) DATA FORMAT IN IR LEG (SITES) LOCATION BULK <2 2-20 TABLE BARLOG COLLOG METH REFERENCES DEVICE SITES NOTES =================================================================================================================================== 75 530-532 S E Atlantic X X M48 Maillot&Robert, 1984 XRD-CGR 530,532 CuK alpha rad. theta60 @1deg 2theta/ min scan speed X X M48 Chamley et al., 1984 525,527, 528,523 X X M51 Stow & Miller, 1984 530 CuK alpha rad. @1deg 2theta/ min scan speed 76 533-534 Western N X X M52 Kagami et al., 1983 534 Only Cretaceous Atlantic/ sections Blake Bahama Outer Ridge X X X M48 Chamley et al.,1983 XRD-Philips 534 CuK alpha rad. 1730 @2deg 2theata/ min scan speed 77 535-543 Gulf of X X X M48 Debrabant et al,1984 XRD-Philips 535,536, CuK alpha rad. Mexico 1730 537,538, @2deg 2theta/ 540 min scan speed 78 541-543 E Caribbean/ X M53 Wright, 1984 XRD-Norelco --- CuK alpha rad. Lesser Only surface Antilles sed. samples intraoceanic from piston island arc cores X X X X M54 Pudsey, 1984 541,542, CuK alpha rad. 543 @2deg theta/ min scan speed X X <5 X X M38 Latouche&Maillet, XRD-Philips 541,542, CuK alpha rad. 1984 1130 543 79 544-547 E N Atlantic/ X X M51 Stein&Sarnthein, XRD-Philips 544 N W African 1984 1050 Margin X X X M32 Schumann, 1984 544,545, 546,547 X X X M48 Chamley&Debrabant, XRD-Philips 544,546, 1984 1730 547 80 548-551 E N Atlantic X X X X M38 Chennaux et al.,1985 XRD-Philips 548,549, CuK alpha rad. 1130 550 X X X X M55 Thiry & Pascal, 1985 548,549, 550 81 552-555 E N Atlantic/ X X X X M38 Latouche & Maillet, XRD-Philips 552,553, CuK alpha rad. Rockall 1984 1310 554,555 Plateau X X M44 Zimmerman, 1984 XRD-7 G.E. 552,553, CuK alpha rad. 554,555 @2deg 2theata/ min scan speed Table 1. Summary of X-ray Mineralogical Studies Reported in DSDP Volumes 1 to 9 (continued) FRACT (MICRONS) DATA FORMAT IN IR LEG (SITES) LOCATION BULK <2 2-20 TABLE BARLOG COLLOG METH REFERENCES DEVICE SITES NOTES =================================================================================================================================== 82 556-564 Ce. N X X X X M38 Latouche & Maillet, XRD-Philips 558,563 CuK alpha rad. Atlantic 1985 83 504B E Eq. X X --- Alt et al., 1985 XRD-Philips 504 CuK alpha rad. Pacific/ Panama Basin 84 565-570 E Eq. X X M56 Helm, 1985 565,567, CuK alpha rad. Pacific/off 568,569, Guatemala 570 85 571-575 Ce. Eq. NO MINERALOGY! Pacific 86 576-581 N W Pacific X X X X X M57 Schoonmaker et al., 576,578, CuK alpha rad. 1985 581 @2deg 2theata/ min scan speed Device XRD- Philips Norelco 87 582-584 N W Pacific X X M28,M48 Chamley et al., 1986 582,583, 584 89 585- W Eq. Pacific X X X X M48 Chamley et al., 1986 585 90 587-594 S W Pacific <63 X X M53 Gardner et al., 1986 591 X X M48 Robert et al., 1986 XRD-CGR 592,593, CuK alpha rad. theta60 594 @1deg 2theta/ min scan speed X X M48 Stein & Robert, 1986 XRD-CGR 588,590, theta60 591 91 ? 92 597-602 S E Pacific X X M58 Kastner, 1986 597 Verbal list rel. dominance Table 1. Summary of X-ray Mineralogical Studies Reported in DSDP Volumes 1 to 9 (continued) FRACT (MICRONS) DATA FORMAT IN IR LEG (SITES) LOCATION BULK <2 2-20 TABLE BARLOG COLLOG METH REFERENCES DEVICE SITES NOTES =================================================================================================================================== 96 614-624 Gulf of <4 X M59 Stow et al., 1986 615,620, CuK alpha rad. Mexico 621,622 @1deg 2theta/ min scan speed X X X M60 Thayer et al., 1986 618,619 Verbal list rel. dominance X X M52 Ishizuka et al.,1986 615,617, 618,619 <4 X M59 Pickering et al.,1986 614,619 CuK alpha rad. @1deg 2theta/ min scan speed ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Stoffers and Muller, 1978, Zemmels et al., 1972. the Hathaway samples were analyzed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. There is no information on sample preparation. Layer silicates are not differentiated in the bulk analyses. Clays (<2um) treated with ethylene glycol. Intensity vs. abundance factors not stated. B Nesteroff (1972) refers to X-ray mineralogy done at the University of Paris, but includes no methology or data plots or listings. Composition ranges are reported in the text, but their origin (Riverside of Paris) is unclear. C Connelly and Nalli, 1973. No methology or data listings given. Qualitative results discussed in text. D Emelyanov et al., 1979. Carbonates, quartz, and feldspars determined for bulk sediment (using CaF2 interal standard?). E Kossovakaya and Drits, 1978, Rateev et al., 1979, Renngarten et al., 1979, Timofeev et al., 1979, Varentsov, 1979. None of Leg 38 Russian mineralogy includes adequate methodology. All sites are assumed to have used M16 treatments. Table 2. X-ray mineralogy: Synopsis of treatments for Legs 1-96 (refers to Table 1) M1 - Rex, 1969. Rex's initial paper summarizes the sample treatment, intensity to concentration conversion factors, and concept of data reduction used at Riverside. The Appendix (M5) is a direct descendent of M1. M2 - Rex reviews the data-processing scheme at Riverside. Includes filter description, intensity to concentration conversion factors, and interference corrections. The Appendix (M5) describes the Riverside procedure that eventually evolved from M2. M3 - Lisitzin et al., 1971. Grind to <1 micron (sic), add CaF2 standard. Compare to standards for quartz and carbonate estimates. Stokes-separate < 1 micron fraction, remove carbonate with 0.1N HCl, remove oxyhydroxides with dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB), saturate with 1N MgCl2, expand with glycerine. Also use Li saturation (Greene-Kelly, 1953). Use Biscaye (1965) peak-area ratios (M11). M4 - Drever, 1971. No information on sample treatment. M1 factors used for abundance estimates. M5 - Cook et al., 1974. This is the "polished" Riverside Lab methodology (see Appendix). M6 - de Segozac, 1973. Remove carbonate by 0.1N HCl, Stokes-separate (settle and centrifuge) <2 micron, Mg-saturate. Ethylene glycol solvate? Plots of peak character and montmorillonite/illite and chlorite/illite (4.7/5A) peak ratios. M7 - von Rad and Rosch, 1972. Bulk samples, formic-acid-treated fractions run if carbonate rich. Abundance estimates as "main", "abundant", "common", and "tract": (>40, 20-50, 10-20, 3-10%). Columnar logs with abundance symbols. M8 - Roberson, 1973. Wash out salt, disaggregate ultrasonically, Stokes-separate <2 micron by centrifuge, pipette on glass. Use "similar to" Johns, et al. (1954) abundance estimates. M9 - Hayes, 1973. Stokes-separate <2 microns (centrifuge), Mg-saturate, ethylene glycol solvate. Intensity to conversion ratios - mica/ montmorillonite:illite:chlorite = 1:3:3. Separate chlorite from vermiculite by 7A/14A ratio (2 to 0.2, respectively). M10- Okada and Tomita, 1973. Air-dry aggregates on glass, expand with ethylene glycol. Intensity to conversion factors for montmorillonite:- illite:kaolinite = 1/2.6:1:1/1.2 (based on matching standards to unknowns). Size fraction not stated, probably bulk. M11- Venkatarathnam, 1974. Biscaye (1965) methodology and intensity to abundance factors. Sodium acetate (pH=5) carbonate removal, DCB oxyhydroxide removal, sodium carbonate disaggregation, then size separate. Paste smear <2 micron fraction on glass, ethylene glycol solvate. Conversion factors - montmorillonite:illite:kaolinite: chlorite = 1:4:2:2. Gerbuneva, 1976. Uses < 1 micron, no DCB. Zimmerman, 1977. Uses <4 micron. M12- Gostin and Moriarity, 1975. Carbonate removal by glacial acetic acid, Stokes-separate < 2 micron fraction, NaOH remove opal, DCB remove oxyhydroxides, Mg saturate, glycerine solvate. Conversion factors - montmorillonite:illite:kaolinite:chlorite = 1:4:2:4. Also uses CEC (Ba) to cross check montmorillonite. M13- Perry et al., 1976. Stokes-separate < 1 micron, < 1 micron, pipette on glass. Ethylene glycol solvate? Use relative peak intensities (no abundance conversion). M14- Eslinger and Savin, 1976. Stokes-separate <0.3, 0.3-0.7, and >0.7 microns. Ethylene glycol solvate. Illite/smectite:illite:kaolinite:- chlorite abundances given by I/S 003/005-1/2 I 001:I 001:K 002:C 004. M15- Kastner, 1976. Stokes-separate <2 micron, >2 micron. Use Drever's (1973) technique. Data shown as relative peak intensities (illite 10A:chlorite 7A:illite/smectite 17A). M16- Kessovskaya and Drits, 1978. Stokes-separate <1 and 1-10 micron. Other methodology not stated. Mentions glycerine saturation. Description and rough estimates of clay mineralogy. (Method is also described in Rateev et al., 1979, McCoy et al., 1977, Timofeev et al., 1979, and Varentsov, 1979). M17- Perry et al., 1979. Stokes-separate <1 micron, pipette on glass, ethylene glycol solvate. Use Biscaye (1965) intensity to concentration factors (M11). M18- White, 1976. Grind dry, then wet. Stokes-separate <5 micron. Ethylene glycol solvate. Use Biscaye (1965) factors (M11). Sites 338, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345. M19- White, 1976. Bulk: wash, dry crush, report as "present", "abundant", "major". Clays: Stokes-separate <2 micron, vacuum mount on tile, ethylene glycol solvate. Use Biscaye (1965) factors (M11). Sites 346 to 349. M20- Matsumoto, 1978. Bulk: dry grind. No intensity to concentration conversion factors. Clays: <2 micron, ethylene glycol solvate, hydrazine hydrate expand kaolinite. Intensity to abundance conversion factors - smectite:mica:kaolinite:chlorite + 1:1.7:1:1.5. M21- Siesser and Bremner, 1978. Dialyse 24 hr. Bulk: dry, crush, press, tabulate peak intensities above background. Clays: remove carbonate with 25% acetic acid, Mg-saturate, pipette on glass (warm to dry), ethylene glycol solvate. Use Johns, et al. (1954) factors (kaolinite and chlorite undifferentiated). M22- Couture, 1978. Glass mount. Remove carbonate by pH=5 acetate buffer, ethylene glycol solvate. Data listed as "present", "abundant", "dominant". M23- Melieres, 1978. Bulk samples. Use NaF internal standard, ethylene glycol solvate. Abundances estimated by comparison with standards. For clays, remove carbonte with 10% HCl, pipette on glass, ethylene glycol solvate. Montmorillonite:illite:kaolinite:chlorite = 1 (14A):1(10A):1:1 (7A divided by 003:006 ratio). M24- Trimonis et al., 1978. For clays, Stokes-separate <2 micron, remove carbonate with 1N HCl, Mg-saturate, glycerine solvate. Abundance from Biscaye (1965) factors (M11). M25- Koch and Rothe, 1979. Bulk plus <2 micron. Carbonate removed from clays with 10% HCl, pipette on glass (checked against smear mount). Clay ratios from Biscaye (1965) factors (M11). Bulk results comparable to Hathaway's (see footnote a, Table 1). M26- Pastouret et al., 1978. No methodology or accessible reference. Qualitative data (abundant, common, present?) for 20-63 microns. Percentages (conversion factors not stated) for clay minerals. M27- Timofeev et al., 1979. Carbonate removal by acetic acid. Clay minerals were studied in the fraction <10 microns. Treatment with glycerine solvate. Verbal listing of clay minerals. M28- Chamley and d'Argoud, 1979. Carbonate removal by 5N hydrochloric acid. Decantation of <2 micron fraction by using Stokes law. Semiquantitative evaluations are based on the peak heights and areas (after Chamley, 1971). Relative error +/- 5%. Heights of 001 illite and chlorite peaks are taken as references. M29- Latouche, G. and Maillet, 1979. Carbonate removal by N/10 hydrochloric acid. Ethylene glycol treatment before analysis. Semiquantitative estimates from the height (? and areas) in the diagrams of glycolated slides. The height of 001 peaks was used to determine the percentage of smectite (17A), illite (10A), and kaolinite + chlorite (7.1A). M30- Timofeev et al., 1979. Carbonate removal by N/10 hydrochloric acid. Samples were measured natural, saturated with glycerine, and heated at 550 degrees C for identifying mixed-layer minerals of the Ch-M type. M31- CEPM Laboratory, 1980. Carbonate-free fraction of < (?) 5mm. The 1 day mineral content were estimated in relative percentages from the heights and the areas of the x-ray diffraction peaks. No further details. M32- Mann and Muller, 1980. Clay minerals in the <2 micron fraction were x-rayed in an untreated state, glycolated state, and when necessary, after heating. Biscaye's method (1965) was used to determine the clay minerals by multiplying the peak (peak 2 ?? (in degrees):smectite + 5.2 (17A), chlorite = 12.3 (7.2A), illite = 8.8 (10A) kaolinite + 12.3 (7.2A), polygorskite = 8.4 (10.5A), talc = 3.4 (9.3A), sepiolite = 7.4 (12.0A) area by factors (smectite = 1, chlorite = 2, illite = 4, kaolinite = 2, polygorskite = 1, talc = 1, sepiolite = 1). The sum of the clay minerals was 100 percent. The kaolinite/chlorite peak at 2 ?? = 12.3 degrees was divided by peak splitting. For the bulk mineralogy the peak heights are multiplied by factors (REF.101). When multiplied they add up to 100%. However, if the amount of amorphous material, i.e., volcanic glass, opal, and amorphous clay minerals, vary, the factors have to be redetermined. These factors apply only for minerals which are very similar to those from Site 502 and 503. M33- Karpoff et al., 1980. Identification of clay minerals was made on three types of oriented aggregates: untreated, ethylene-glycol-treated, and heated (Mise au point collective, 1975). M34- Mann and Muller, 1980c. Method of M11 slightly modified because of the high amount of amorphous constituents in the sediments. The amorphous constituents influence the (020) peak in such a way that its base line cannot be exactly traced. Thus, it is impossible to quatify the percentage of clay minerals by direct peak measurements. The method applied is to subtract all other consituents that can be determined by x-ray methods. The margin of the error of this method is all the larger the greater the amount of amorphous constituents. M35- Kurnosov et al., 1980. Carbonate removal by N/10 hydrochloric acid. Decantation of <1 micron and 1-10 micron fraction. Samples were dried, treated with ethylene glycol, and heated at 500 to 550 degrees C. Some samples were K-saturated to test the nature of expanding minerals (Weaver, 1968). Relative proportions of clay minerals were analyzed by using Biscaye's method (1965). Ref. 125, 126, 127, 129. M36- Aoyagi and Kazama, 1980. Method of analysis is explained in detail by Oinuma and Kobayashi (1966) and Aoyagi (1967). X-ray diffraction peaks of each mineral of powdered sample measured are 001 for montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite, 002 for chlorite and plagioclase, 020 for clinoptilolite and gypsum, 101 for quartz, 104 for calcite, dolomite, and siderite, 110 for hornblende, and 200 for pyrite and halite. Existence of illite-montmorillonite mixed-layer minerals is inferred from the width of the 17A peak of glycolated samples. M37- Balshaw, 1981. Carbonate removal by 0.1N (pH 5) sodium acetate and acetic acid. 0.2M ammonium oxalate and 0.2M oxalic acid were used to dissolve amorphous Fe-hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. The <2 micron fraction was separated by settling using Stoke's law. Deionized water and Calgon were used to minimize flocculation of the clay particles. The resulting clay was treated with a 1.0M solution of Mg Cl to saturate the clay exchanges with Mg ions and finally washed. The slides were x-rayed after air drying and again after treatment with ethylene glycol. The glycolation caused a shift of the smectite peak from 12-14.0A to 18.0A. The illite peak at 10.0A, and the chlorite and kaolinite peaks which are coincident at 7.0A are not affected by glycolation. The relative percentages of the clay minerals were calculated by using techniques outlined by Biscaye (1965). M38- Latouche et al., 1982. Pulverized sediments of bulk samples were analyzed according to the powder diffractogram method. Semiquantitative analysis of the content of quartz, calcite, and feldspars is based on their diffraction peak height which is compared with peaks of mixed synthetic reference samples. Carbonate removal of the clay fraction (<2 micron) by N/10 HCl. The <2 micron fractions were separated by gravity settling. The slides were x-rayed after air drying and then after heating at 550 degrees C for one hour. The second was scanned after treatment with ethylene glycol. Identification of clay minerals after Brown (1961) and Thores (1975). Ref. 167 slightly changed method by: (A) using 10N HCl. The clay fraction abundance, evaluated on the basis of peak heights, has an estimated experimental error of +/- 10%. M39- Desprairies, 1982. Clay minerals in the carbonate free <2 micron fraction were determined by various treatments (heating, glycol, hydrazine). The relative abundances of the principal clay minerals were estimated by the percentage of the basal peak intensities rather than by the percentage of the basal peak areas. M40- Kurnosov and Shevchenko, 1981. Identification of clay minerals in the wire fraction <2 micron and 2-20 micron using the method of Biscaye (1964) (see also M11). Conversion factors montmorillonite:illite: kaolinite:chlorite = 1:4:2:2. M41- Rateev et al., 1981. Samples (? carbonate free) were prepared for the <1 micron and partly for the <10 micron fraction in three states: air dried, ethylene-glycol-treated, and heated at 550 degrees C. Kaolinite is identified by standard peaks at 7.15 and 3.57A, which are disappearing after heating at 550 degrees C and preserved after treatment with 10% HCl. Montmorillonite has peaks from 14.1 to 14.7A in an air dried state which expand to 17.9A after saturation with glycerine. Montmorillonite-illite mineral mixed layer clay is characterized by an asymmetrical peak at 14.7A in an air dried state, and at 18.8 to 19.6A after saturation with glycerine. M42- Hein and Vanek, 1981. Carbonate and organic matter removal by sodium acetate and acetic acid. The <2 micron fraction was separated by centrifugation. The fraction was x-rayed after Mg saturation and glycolation. Peak areas were used to calculate relative amounts of clay minerals (after Biscaye, 1965). M43- Rangin et al., 1983. The <2 micron, <0.5 micron, and <0.1 micron fractions were separated by centrifugation. The ratio of the areas under the main phyllosilicate peaks indicate the clay mineralogy (? no abundance conversion). M44- Zimmerman, 1982. Carbonate removal by 0.6N acetic acid. Separation of the 2-37 micron and <2 micron by calculated settling times. Slides were x-rayed before and after glycol solvation. Chlorite and kaolinite abundance is indicated by the area under the 7.1A peak. The separation of these two minerals is based on the slow-scan method of Biscaye (1964). Illite has a well defined peak at 10A that was unaffected by ethylene glycol solvation. A broad peak at 17A after solvation is assigned to smectite (montmorillonite). The conversion factors of Biscaye (1965) (see M11) are used: montmorillonite:illite:kaolinite: chlorite = 1:4:2:2. M45- Beiersdorf and Rosch, 1983. Clay minerals of the non-CaCO3 components in the grain size fraction <2 microns, 2 to 20 microns, and >20 microns were determined qualitatively from glycolated powder samples. The concentration was estimated from peak height measurements which were compared with those of pure standards. The concentration of all other components - especially feldspar and smectite, together with the amorphous scatter - were empirically estimated and balanced to 100%. M46- Honnorez et al., 1983. Samples of air dried, ethylene-glycol treated, and heated smear slides of the <2 micron and bulk sediment fraction were x-rayed. Some samples were analyzed by subdividing the <2 micron fraction in arbitrary fractions between 2 and 0.4 microns. The XRD measurements did not indicate any difference and their clay mineralogies were similar to that of the bulk sample. M47- Kurnosov et al., 1983. Samples of air dried, ethylene-glycol treated, and heated (500 to 550 degrees C for 1 hour) smear slides of the <2 micron, 2-20 micron, and bulk sediment fraction were x-rayed. M48- Robert and Maillot, 1983. Carbonate removal by 0.2N hydrochloric acid in the <63 micron sediment fraction. The <2 micron fraction was separated by settling using Stoke's law. Oriented aggregates were made on glass slides. The untreated sample, the glycolated sample, and the sample heated for 2 hours at 490 degrees C were x-rayed. Semiquantitative evaluations were based on the peak heights and areas (after Chamley, 1971). The height of the 001 illite peak of the glycolated sample was taken as a reference. Compared to this value, smectite, attapulgite, and irregular mixed-layer clays were corrected by multiplying their peak height by a factor of 1.5 to 2.5. Well-crystallized kaolinite was corrected using a factor of 0.5. The relative error is +/- 5%. (comparable to M28). M49- Varentsov et al., 1983. The fraction < ? 1 micron had been air dried, treated with glycerine, and heated at 550 degrees C. The interpretation of these x-rayed samples are based on comparison of the experimental data with corresponding models of Drits and Sakharov (1976). M50- Coulbourn, 1983. Bulk samples have been x-rayed. Diffractograms of standards were compared with diffractograms of core samples. Samples were not treated with ethylene-glycol and run a second time to distinguish chlorite from montmorillonite. The quantification of diffractograms attempted is an approximate version of a method of mutual standards (Rex, 1970). M51- Stow and Miller, 1984. The <2 micron fraction was separated by ultrasonic treatment and settling and x-rayed for untreated and glycolated samples. Semiquantitative analysis of the clay mineral diffractograms are based on the peak areas of glycolated samples (after Biscaye, 1965). The weighting factors are: 2 (kaolinite-chlorite), 4 (illite), 1 (smectite), and 1 (mixed layers). REF. 168: Carbonate free <2 micron fraction was analyzed (Lenge, 1982). M52- Kagami et al., 1983. The <2 micron fraction was collected by sedimentation (no further details) and x-rayed. Quantitative and qualitative estimations are based on the method by Sudo et al. (1961) and Oinuma (1968). M53- Chamley et al., 1983. Preparation and analysis of the samples after the method by Hein et al. (1976). Clay percentages were determined on the diffractogram of the glycolated samples by the peak area method and weighted by the conversion factors after Biscaye (1965). M54- Pudsey, 1984. Bulk samples and the <2 micron sediment fraction have been x-rayed. The <2 micron fraction was settled in sodium hexametaphosphate suspension to prevent flocculation of sediments. Each sample of the <2 micron fraction was x-rayed after (1) saturation with ethylene glycol and (2) after heating to 500 degrees C. Peak heights and areas are measured in diffractograms and are used to obtain a semiquantitative estimate of the mineralogy. The estimation of the mineralogy in percent is based on the measured peak heights and areas times a combination of weighting factors given by Rex and Murray (1970), Biscaye (1965), and Mann and Muller (1980). M55- Thiry and Pascal, 1985. Bulk samples were treated with 1/10N HCl. The <2 micron fraction was separated by settling, dried, saturated with ethylene glycol and hydrazine hydrate, and later heated at 490 degrees C. Clay minerals and mixed layers (%) were determined by their peak areas in the diffractogram of the samples treated with ethylene glycol. M56- Helin, 1985. No carbonate removal. The fraction <63 microns was washed several times using 0.01N NH4OH. The fractions <2 microns, 2 to 6.3 microns, 6.3 to 20 microns, and 20 to 63 microns were collected by Atterberg separation after Stoke's law (Muller, 1964). The <2 micron fraction of the air dried samples, the heated samples at 500 degrees C, and the glycolated samples were analyzed. The clay mineral distribution in percent (<2 micron) was determined by using Biscaye's method (1965). The percentages of nonexpandable layers in smectites were calculated by using Reynolds and Hower (1970) and Brindley and Brown's (1980) methods. The partial destruction of the 7-A peak after heating was interpreted as indicating the presence of chlorite. The crystallinity of smectites was investigated in untreated and glycolated samples by measuring the peak height/width at half height ratio. M57- Schoonmaker et al., 1985. Organic matter was removed by treatement of bulk samples with 5% sodium hypochlorite buffered to pH 9.5 with HCl (after Anderson, 1963). The <2 micron fraction was then separated by centrifugation. Samples were dried at room temperature, treated with ethylene glycol, and an additional aliquot of the <2 micron fraction was treated with Na citrate-Na dithionite to remove amorphous Fe-oxyhdroxides (after Mehra and Jackson, 1960). Clay-mineral abundances were calculated from peak areas by using the "triangle method" (Mann and Fischer, 1982). The percentages of the clay minerals were determined by using weighting factors (Biscaye, 1965), Mann and Muller (1980) for the peak areas. In contrast, the abundance of mixed layers is determined by using peak heights instead of areas (after Hoffman, 1976). M58- Kastner, 1986. The <2 micron fraction of the bulk sample and that of the >2 micron fraction of the insoluble residue were determined by the Stoke's law settling method. XRD analyses were used to establish a crystallinity index for goethite. M59- Stow, 1986. The <4 micron fraction was separated by settling. Peak heights were measured for all minerals and normalized to 100% without any application of weighting factors. M60- Thayer et al., 1986. The bulk sample and the <2 micron fraction were x-rayed. XRD measurements for bulk sediments utilized the technique of Roberts (1982), while the <2 micron fraction was analyzed in a commercial laboratory (without further details). REFERENCES FOR TABLE 1 Alt, J.C., Laverne, C., and Muehlenbach, K., 1985. Alteration of the upper oceanic crust: mineralogy and processes in Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B. Leg 83. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 83, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 217-417. Anderson, J.V., 1963. An improved pretreatment for the mineralogical analysis samples containing organic matter. Clays Clay Mineral., 10: 380-388. Aoyagi, K., 1967. Mineralogical study of sedimentary rocks in the oil fields of Japan by the x-ray diffraction method, and its application to petroleum geology, pt. 1. Clay Sci., 3: 37-54. Aoyagi, K. and Kaxama, T., 1980. Sedimentary mineralogy of argillaceous sedi- ments from Deep Sea Drilling Project Holes 436, 438A, and 439, Japan Trench. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 56-57, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1011-1017. Balshaw, K.M., 1981. Cenozoic clay-mineral stratigraphy in the south Philippine Sea. Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 59: Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 59, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 597-602. Balshaw, K.M., 1982. Clay mineral stratigraphy and related diagenesis in the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 60 sediments. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 60, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 467-472. Basov, V.A., Lopatin, B.G., Gramberg, I.S., Danyushevbskaya, A.I., Kahan'kov, V. Ya., Lazurkin, V.M., and Patrunov, D.K., 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy of the continental rise off the Western Sahara. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 47, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 579-584. Beiersdorf, H. and Rosch, H., 1983. Mineralogy of sediments encountered during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63 (Costa Rica Rift, Panama Basin), as determined by x-ray diffraction. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 69, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 385-393. Biscaye, P.E., 1964. Distinction between kaolinite and chlorite in recent sediments by x-ray diffraction. Am. Mineral., 49: 1281-1289. Biscaye, P.E., 1965. Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans. Geol. Sox. Am. Buoll., 76: 803-832. Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., 1980. Crystal structures of clay minerals and their x-ray identification: London (Mineralogical Society). Brown, G., 1961. The x-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals: London (Mineralogical Society), p. 544. Chamley, H., Maillot, H., Duee, G., and Robert, C., 1984. Paleoenvironmental history of the Walvis Ridge at the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition, from mineralogical and geochemical investigations. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 74, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 685-695. Chamley, H., Cadet, J.-P., and Charvet, J., 1986. Nankai Trough and Japan Trench late Cenozoic paleoenvironments deduced from clay mineralogic data. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 87, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 633-642. Chamley, H., Coulon, H., Debrabant, P., and Holtzapffle, T., 1986. Cretaceous interactions between volcanism and sedimentation in the east Mariana basin from mineralogical, micromorphological, and geochemical investiga- tions (Site 585, Deep Sea Drilling Project ). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 89, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 412-423. Chennaux, G., Esquerin, J., Jourdan, P.A., Latouche, C., and Maillet, N., 1985. X-ray mineralogy and mineral geochemistry of Cenozoic strata (Leg 80) and petrographic study of associated pebbles. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 80, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1019-1046. Coulbourn, W.T., 1983. Summary lithology and shipboard x-ray mineralogy of Brazil and Rio Grande Rise, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 515 to 518. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 72, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 335-1024. Connelly, T.W., and Nalli, G., 1973. Mineralogy and chemistry of Caribbean sediments. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 15, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 929-961. Cook, H.E., Johnson, P.D., Matti, J.C., and Zemmels, I., 1975. Methods of sample preparation and x-ray diffraction data analysis, x-ray mineralogy laboratory, Deep Sea Drilling Project, University of California, Riverside. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 28, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 999-1007. Cook, H.E., Rex, R.W., Eklund, W.A., and Murray, B., 1971. X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 7. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 7(2), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 913-963. Cook, H.E., and Zemmels, I., 1971. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Leg 8. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 8, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 901-950. ___________________, 1972. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Leg 9. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 9, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 707-777. ___________________, 1973. X-ray mineralogy studies of Leg 10 cores in the Gulf of Mexico. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 10, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 337-373. ___________________, 1976. X-ray mineralogy data from the central Pacific, Leg 33 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 33, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 539-555. Cook, H.E., Zemmels, I., and Matti, J.C., 1974. X-ray mineralogy data, southern Indian Ocean -- Leg 26 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 26, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 573-592. _______________, 1974. X-ray mineralogy data, eastern Indian Ocean -- Leg 27, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 27, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 535-548. _______________, 1975. X-ray mineralogy data, Austral-Antarctic region, Leg 28, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 28, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 981-998. _______________, 1975. X-ray mineralogy data, Campbell Plateau and South Tasman Sea: Leg 29, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 29, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1173-1186. _______________, 1975. X-ray mineralogy data, far western Pacific, Leg 31, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 31, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 883-895. Couture, R., Miller, R.S., and Gieskes, J.M., 1978. Interstitial water and mineralogical studies, Leg 41. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 41, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 907-914. Debrabant, P., Chamley, H., Foulon, J., and Maillet, H., 1979. Mineralogy and geochemistry of upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments from north Biscay Bay and Rockall Plateau (eastern North Atlantic). Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 48. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 48, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 703-725. Debrabant, P., Chamley, H., and Foulon, J., 1984. Paleoenvironmental impli- cations of mineralogic and geochemical data in the western Florida Straits (Leg 77, Deep Sea Drilling Project). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 77, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 336-377. de Segozac, G.D., and Hoffert, M., 1973. A preliminary investigation of the clay minerals in the Western Alboran Basin, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Site 121. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 13(2), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 670-672. Desprairies, A., 1982. Authigenic minerals in volcanogenic sediments cored during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 60. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 60, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 455-466. Drever, J.I., 1971. Chemical and mineralogical studies, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Site 66. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 7(2), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 965-975. _______________, 1973. The preparation of oriented clay mineral specimens for x-ray diffraction analysis by a filter-membrane peel technique. Am. Mineralog., 58:553-554. Drits, V.A. and Sakharov, B.A., 1976. X-ray structural analysis of mixed layer minerals. Trans. Geol. Inst. ANSSSR, 235:325. Einsele, G., and von Rad, V., 1979. Facies and paleoenvironment of lower Creta- ceous sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Project, Site 397 in the Aaiun Basin (Northwest Africa). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 47, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 559-578. Emelyanov, E.M., Blazchishin, A.I., Kharin, G.S., Lozovaya, N.G., and Zangalis, K.P., 1979. Mineral and chemical composition of sediments of the Voring Plateau, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 38. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 31-44. Eslinger, E.V., and Savin, S.M., 1976. Mineralogy and 018/016 ratios of fine-grained quartz and clay from Site 323. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 35, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 489-496. Fan, P.-F., and Rex, R.W., 1972. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 14. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 14, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 677-725. Fan, P.-F., Rex, R.W., Cook, H.E., and Zemmels, I., 1973. X-ray mineralogy of the Caribbean Sea -- Leg 15. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 15, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 847-921. Fan, P.-F., and Zemmels, I., 1972. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Leg 12. Ini- tial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 12, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1127-1154. Flood, R.D., 1978. X-ray mineralogy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Legs 44 and 44A, western North Atlantic: lower continental rise hills, Blake Nose, and Blake-Bahama Basin. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 44, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 515-521. Gardner, J.V., Nelson, C.S., and Baker, P.A., 1986. Distribution and charac- ter of pale green laminae in sediment from Lord Howe Rise: A probable late Neogene and Quaternary Tephrostratigraphic record. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 90, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1145-1159. Gorbunova, Z.N., 1976. Clay-sized minerals from cores of the southwest Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 35. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 35, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 479-488. Gostin, V.A., and Moriarity, K.C., 1975. Investigations of tertiary clay mineral distributions around Tasmania, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 29. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 29, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1077-1082. Greene, Kelly, R., 1953. Identification of montmorillonids. Soil Sci. 4: 233-237. Hayes, J.B., 1973. Clay petrology of mudstones, Leg 18 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 18, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 903-914. Hein, J.R., Scholl, D.W., and Gutmacher, C.E., 1976. Neogene clay minerals of the far Northwest Pacific and southern Bering Sea - sedimentation and diagenesis. In Bailey, S.W. (ed.), Proc. Internat. Clay Confer. (Mexico City, Mexico, 1975). Assoc. International poru l'etude des argiles: Wilamette, Illinois (Applied Publishers Ltd.), pp. 71-80. Hein, J.R. and Vanek, E., 1981. Origin and alteration of volcanic ash and pelagic brown clay, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 62, North Central Pacific. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 62, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 559-569. Heinemann, C. and Fuchtbauer, H., 1982. Insoluble residues of the fine-grained sediments from the Trench Transect south of Guatemala, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 67. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 67, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 487-506. Helm, R., 1985. Mineralogy and diagenesis of slope sediments offshore Guate- mala and Costa Rica, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 84. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 84, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 571-594. Hoffmann, J., 1976. Regional metamorphism and K-Ar dating of clay minerals in Cretaeous sediments of the disturbed belt of Montant (Ph.D. dissert.). Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. Honnorez, J., Karpoff, A.M., and Badart-Trauth, D., 1983. Sedimentology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of green clay samples from the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds, holes 506, 506C, and 507D, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 70 (preliminary data). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 70, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 211-224. Ishizuka, T., Kawahata, H., Aoki, S., 1986. Interstitial water geochemistry and clay mineralogy of the Mississippi Fan and Orea and Pigmy Basins, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 96. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 96, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 711-728. Jenkyns, H.C., and Hardy, R.G., 1976. Basal iron-titanium-rich sediments from Hole 315A (Line Islands, central Pacific). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 33, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 833-836. Johns, W.D., Grim, R.E., and Bradley, W.F., 1954. Quantative estimations of clay minerals by diffraction methods. J. Sediment. Petrol., 124:242-251. Kagami, H., Ishizuka, T., and Aoki, S., 1983. Geochemistry and mineralogy of selected carbonaceous claystones in the lower Cretaceous from the Blake-Bahama Basin, North Atlantic. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 76, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 429-436. Karpoff, A.M., Peterschmitt, I., and Hoffert, M., 1980. Mineralogy and geo- chemistry of sedimentary deposits on Emperor Seamounts, Sites 430, 431, and 432: Authigenesis of silicates, phosphates and ferromanganese oxides. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 55, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 463-483. Karpoff, A.M., 1984. Miocene and clays of the South Atlantic: Dissolution facies of calcareous oozes at Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 519 to 523, Leg 73. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 73, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 515-535. Kastner, M., 1976. Diagenesis of basal sediments and basalts of Sites 332 and 323, Leg 35, Bellingshausen Abyssal PLain. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 35, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1019-1041. Kastner, M., 1986. Mineralogy and diagenesis of sediments at Site 537: Preli- minary results. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 92, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 345-349. Koch, R., and Rothe, P., 1979. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Leg 43. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 43, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1019-1041. Kossovskaya, A.G., and Drits, V.A., 1978. Mineralogy, geochemistry and petro- graphy of sediments recovered at Site 345, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 38. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 45-54. Kurnosov, V., Tseitlin, and Narnov, G., 1980. Clay minerals: Paleographic and diagenetic aspects. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 56-57, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 979-1009. Kurnosov, V.B., and Shevchenko, A.Y., 1981. Clay and associated minerals in sediments from the Nauru Basin, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 61. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 61, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 587-600. Kurnosov, V.B., and Shevchenko, A.Y., 1982. Secondary minerals in basalts from the middle America Trench, Leg 67. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 67, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 515-528. Kurnosov, V.B., Murdmaa, I.O., Kazakova, V., Mikhina, V., and Sherchenko, A., 1982. Mineralogy of sediments from the middle America Trench (Guatemala Transect). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 67, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 515-528. Kurnosov, V.B., Chudaev, O.V., and Shevchenko, A.Y., 1983. Mineralogy and geochemistry of sediments from Galapagos hydrothermal mounds, Leg 70, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 70, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 225-233. Kurnosov, V.B., Murdmaa, I.O., Kazakova, V., and Shevchenko, A., 1983. Mineralogy and inorganic geochemistry of sediments from the mouth of the Gulf of California. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 65, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 333-424. Lange, H., 1982. Distribution of chlorite and kaolinite in eastern Atlantic sediments off North Africa. Sedimentology, 29:427-431. Latouche, C., Maillet, N., 1979. X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 48 - Rockall region (Sites 403, 404, 405, and 406). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 48, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 665-676. Latouche, C., Maillet, N., and Blanchet, R., 1982. X-ray mineralogy studies, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 60. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 60, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 437-453. Latouche, C., and Maillet, N., 1982. X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 67 (Sites 434-500): The middle America Trench Transect off Guatemala. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 67, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 529-535. Latouche, C. and Maillet, N., 1984. X-ray mineralogy study of Tertiary deposits, Leg 81, Sites 552-555. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 81, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 669-682. Latouche, C. and Maillet, N., 1985. X-ray mineralogy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 558 and 563. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 82, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 531-537. Latouche, C. and Maillet, N., 1984. Evolution of Cenozoic clay assemblages in the Barbados Ridge (Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 541, 542, 543). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 78, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 343-356. Lisitzin, A.P., et al., 1971. Geochemical, mineralogical and paleontological studies. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 6, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 829-960. Maillot, H. and Robert, C., 1984. Paleoenvironmental evolution of the Walvis Ridge deduced from inorganic geochemical and clay mineralogical data, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 74, southeast Atlantic. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 74, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 663-683. Maillot, H. and Robert, C., 1984. Significance of clay mineralogical and geochemical data, Walvis Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 75, southeast Atlantic. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 75, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 845-856. Mann, V. and Miller, G., 1980a. X-ray mineralogy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 51 through 53, Western North Atlantic. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 51-53, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 721-723. Mann, V., and Muller, G., 1980b. Mineralogy of the sedimentary sections encountered on Leg 55 (Sites 430 through 433), based on x-ray diffractometry. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 430-433, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 857-859. Mann, V., and Muller, G., 1980c. Composition of sediments of the Japan Trench transect, Deep Sea Drilling Project Legs 56 and 57. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 56-57, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 933-977. Mann, V. and Fischer, K., 1982. The triangle method-semiquantitative determination of clay minerals. J. Sedimentol. Petrol., 52: 654-657. Marchig, V., and Vallier, T.L., 1974. Geochemical studies of sediment and interstitial water, Sites 248 and 249, Leg 25, deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 25. Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 405-415. Matsumoto, R., Utada, M., and Kagami, H., 1978. Sedimentary petrology of Deep Sea Drilling Project cores from Sites 362 and 363, the Walvis Ridge and Site 364, the Angola Basin, drilled on Leg 40. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 40, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 469-485. Matti, J.C., Zemmels, I., and Cook, H.E., 1973. X-ray mineralogy of sediments from the far western Pacific, Leg 20, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 20, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 323-334. __________________, 1973. Mineralogy and mineralogic trends in sediments from the Tasman and Coral Seas, Leg 21 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 21, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 723-750. _______________, 1974. Appendix III. X-ray mineralogy data, Arabian and Red Seas -- Leg 23 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 24, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 811-825. McCoy, F., Zimmerman, H., and Krinsley, D., 1977. Zeolites in South Atlantic deep-sea sediments. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 34, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 423-443. Mehra, O.P., and Jackson, M.L., 1960. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays Clay Miner., 17: 317-327. Melieres, F., 1978. X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 41 Deep Sea Drilling Project, eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 41, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1065-1086. _________________, 1978. Detailed x-ray mineralogy of Core 9, Sections 1 and 2, Hole 372 (Balearic Rise), Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 42A. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 42A, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 385-387. ________________, 1978. Bulk x-ray mineralogy data. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 42A, Wahsington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1157-1169. __________________, 1973. Mineralogy and geochemistry of selected Albian sediments from the Bay of Biscay, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 48. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 48, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 855-875. Melieres, F., Chamley, H., Coumes, F., and Rouge, P., 1978. X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 42A Deep Sea Drilling Project, Mediterranean Sea. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 42A, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 361-383. Mise au Point Collective 1975. Techniques de preparation des minerause argileuse en vue de l'analyse par diffraction des Rayons-X, Notes Tech. Inst. Geol., U.L.P., Strasbourg, v. 1, p. 21. Muller, G., 1964. Sediment-Petrologie, I: Methoden der Sediment Unterachung: Stuttgart (Schweiserbart). Nagel, V. and Muller, G., 1981. Mineralogy of sediments encountered during Leg 61, as determined by x-ray diffraction. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 61, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 563-566. Nagel, V., and Schumann, D., 1981. X-ray mineralogy of sediments, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 62. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 62, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 529-535. Nagel, V., Muller, G., and Schumann, D., 1982. Mineralogy of sediments cored during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 58-60 in the North and South Philippine Sea: results of x-ray diffraction analysis. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 60, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 415-435. Nesteroff, W.D., 1972. Distribution of the fine-grained sediment component in the Mediterranean. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 12, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 666-670. Oinuma, k., and Kobayashi, K., 1966. Quantitative study of clay minerals in some recent marine sediments and sedimentary rocks from Japan. Clays Clay Mineral., 14: 209-219. Oinuma, K., 1968. Method of quantitative estimation of clay minerals in the sediments by x-ray diffraction analysis. J. Tokyo Univ., General Education Nat. Ser., 10: 1-15. Okada, H., and Tomita, K., 1973. Clay mineralogy of deep-sea sediments in the northwestern Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 20. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 20, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 335-343. Pastouret, L., Auffret, G.-A., and Chamley, H., 1978. Microfacies of some sediments from the western North Atlantic: paleoceanographic implications, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 44. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 44, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 477-501. Perry, E.A., Beckles, E.C., and Newton, R.M., 1976. Chemical and mineralogical studies, Sites 322 and 325. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 35, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 465-469. Perry, E.A., Grady, S.J., and Kelly, W.M., 1979. Mineralogic studies of sediments from the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (Sites 336, 343, 344, 345, 348). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 135-139. Pickering, K.T. and Stow, D.A.V., 1986. Inorganic major, minor, and trace element geochemistry and clay mineralogy of sediments from the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 36, Gulf of Mexico. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 36, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 733-745. Pudsey, C.J., 1984. X-ray mineralogy of Miocene and older sediments from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 78A. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 78A, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 325-342. Rangin, C., Fontes, J.C., Jehanno, C., and Vernhet, S., 1983. Metamorphic processes in sediments in contact with young oceanic crust - East Pacific Rise, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 65. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 65, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 375-385. Rateev, M.A., Renngarten, N.V., Shutov, V.D., and Drits, V.A., 1979. Lithology and clay mineralogy of sediments from Hole 346. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 55-65. Rateev, M.A., Timofeev, P.P, and Renngarten, N.V., 1980. Minerals of the clay fraction in Pliocene-Quarternary sediments of the east equatorial Pacific. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 54, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 307-318. Rateev, M.A., Timofeev, P.P, and Koporulin, V.I., 1981. Clay minerals in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 62. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 62, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 537-544. Rateev, M.A., Timofeev, P.P., and Grechin, V.I., 1981. Distribution of clay fraction minerals in Miocene through Pleistocene terrigenous deposits off southern Califormia and Baja California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 63, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 611-621. Renngarten, N.V., Rateev, M.A., Shutov, V.D., and Drits, V.A., 1979. Lithology and clay mineralogy of sediments from Site 337, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 38. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 21-29. Reynolds, R.C. and Hower, J., 1970. The nature of interlayering in mixed layer illite-montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner., 18: 25-36. Rex, R.W., 1969. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 1. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 1, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 354-367. ____________, 1970. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 2. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 2, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 329-346. ___________, 1970. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 3. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 3, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 509-581. Rex, R.W., and Murray, B., 1970. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 4. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 4, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 325-369. _________________, 1970. X-ray mineralogy studies. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 5, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 441-483. Rex, R.W., Eklund, W.A., and Jamieson, I.M., 1971. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 6. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 6, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 753-810. Roberson, H.E., 1973. Mixed-layer illite/montmorillonite clays from Sites 146 and 149. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 15, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 923-927. Robert, C., and Maillot, H., 1983. Paleoenvironmental significance of clay mineralogical and geochemical data, southwest Atlantic, Deep Sea Drilling Project Legs 36 and 71. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 71, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 317-343. Robert, C., Stein, R., and Acquaviva, M., 1986. Cenozoic evolution and significance of clay associations in the New Zealand region of the South Pacific, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 90. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 90, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1225-1238. Roberts, H.H., 1985. Clay mineralogy of contrasting mudflow and distal shelf deposits on the Mississsippi River delta front. Geo. Mar. Lett., 5: 185-181. Rusimov, V., and Kelts, K., 1980. X-ray diffraction of some samples for clay mineralogy from Site 417, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 51, Western North Atlantic. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 51, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 731-736. Sartori, R. and Tomadin, L., 1981. Mineralogy of altered basal volcaniclastic sediments at Sites 447 (West Philippine Basin) and 450 (Parece Veta Basin), Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 59. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 59, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 615-620. Scheidegger, K.F. and Stakes, D.S., 1980. X-ray diffraction and chemical study of secondary minerals from Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 51 Holes 417A and 417D. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 51-53, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1253-1263. Schumann, D., 1983. X-ray mineralogy of sediments recovered during Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 65. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 65, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 391-397. Schumann, D., 1984. Mineralogy of Cenozoic sediments cored during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 73 as determined by x-ray diffraction. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 79, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 395-338. Schumann, D. and Nagel, V., 1982. Appendix I. X-ray mineralogical analysis. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 66, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 853-857. Schumann, D. and Nagel, V., 1982. Leg 68: Shroe based X-ray mineralogy. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 68, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 337-402. Schumann, D. and Nagel, V., 1982. Appendix I. Sediment XRD data, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 69. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 64, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1297-1301. Schoonmaker, J., Mackenzie, F.F., Manghnani, M., Schnieder, R.C., Kim, D., Weiner, A., and To, J., 1985. Mineralogy and diagenesis: Their effect on acoustic and electrical properties of pelagic clays, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 86. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 86, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 549-570. Siesser, W.G., and Bremner, J.M., 1978. X-ray mineralogy of cores from Leg 40 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Report Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 40, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 541-548. Stoffers, P., and Muller, G., 1978. Mineralogy and lithofacies of Black Sea sediments, Leg 42B Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 42B, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 373-411. Stein, R. and Sarnthein, M., 1984. Late Neogene oxygen-isotope stratigraphy and flux rates of terrigenous sediments at Hole 544B off Morocco. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 79, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 385-394. Stein, R. and Robert, C., 1986. Siliciclastic sediments at Sites 588, 590, and 591: Neogene and Paleogene evolution in the southwest Pacific and Australian climate. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 30, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1437-1455. Stow, D.A., Cremer, M., Droz, L., Meyer, A.W., Normark, W.R., O'Connell, S., Pickering, K.T., Steiting, C.E., Angell, S.A., and Chaplin, C., 1986. Facies, composition, and texture of Mississippi Fan sediments, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 96, Gulf of Mexico. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 96, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 475-487. Stow, D.A.V., and Miller, J., 1984. Mineralogy, petrology, and diagenesis of sediments at Site 530, southeast Angola Basin. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 75, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 857-873. Sudo, T., Oinuma, K., and Kobayashi, K., 1961. Mineralogical problems concerning rapid clay mineral analysis of sedimentary rocks. Acta Univ. Carol. Geol. Suppl., 1: 189-219. Supko, P.R., Stoffers, P., and Coplen, T.B., 1974. Petrography and geochemistry of Red Sea dolomite. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 23, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 867-878. Thayer, P.A., Roberts, H.H., Bouma, A.H., and Coleman, J.M., 1986. Sedimentology and petrology of Mississippi fan depositional environments, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 96. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 96, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 483-503. Thiry, M. and Pascal, A., 1985. Appendix II. X-ray mineralogical analysis of Crecatceous sequences, Leg 80 (Goban Spur. Sites 548, 549, 550,551). Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 80, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1243-1248. Thorez, J., 1975. Phyllosilicates and clay minerals: Digon (lelotte Ed.), p. 582. Timofeev, P.P., Eremeev, V.V., and Rateev, M.A., 1978. Polygorskite, sepiolite and other clay minerals in Leg 41 oceanic sediments: mineralogy, facies and genesis. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 41, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1087-1011. Timofeev, P.P, Renngarten, N.V., and Bogolyubova, L.J., 1979. Lithology and clay mineralogy of the sediments from Site 336, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 38. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 9-19. Timofeev, P.P., Varentsov, I.M., Rateev, M.A.,and Renngarten, N.V., 1979. Lithology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of upper Cenozoic sediments at 23N near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, drilled on Leg 45. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 45, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 323-347. Timofeev, P.P., Rateev, M.A., and Reengarten, N.V., 1979. Mineralogy of the clay fraction of the Atlantic Ocean sediments, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 48. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 48, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 1091-1098. Timofeev, P.P.,Renngarten, N.V., Rateev, M.A., and Eremeev, V.V., 1979. Clay minerals of sediments from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 49. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 49, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 443-445. Timofeev, P.P., Renngarten, N.V., Rateev, M.A., 1983. Lithologic facies and clay mineral assemblages in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments recovered by Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71 in the South Atlantic. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 71, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 377-388. Trimonis, E.S., Gorbunova, Z.N., Koshevnikov, A.S., Serova, V.V., and Shevchenko, A.Y., 1978. X-ray mineralogy studies, Leg 42B. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 42B, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 451-468. Varentsov, I.M., 1979. Lithologic-mineralogic studies of the sedimentary deposits from Hole 350, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 38. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 111-120. Varentsov, M., Sakharov, B.A., Drits, V.A., Tsipursky, S.I., Choporov, D.Y., and Aleksandrokva, V.A., 1983. Hydrothermal deposits of the Galapagos Rift Zone, Leg 70: Mineralogy and geochemistry of major components. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 70, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 235-268. Varentsov, I.M., Sakharov, B.A., and Eliseeva, T.G., 1983. Clay components of post-middle Jurassic sediments of the southwest Atlantic, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 71: Depositional history and authigenic transformations. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 71, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 351-359. Venkatarathnam, K., 1974. Mineralogical data from Sites 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215 of Deep-Sea Drilling Project Leg 22 and origin of noncarbonate sediments in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Inital Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 22, Washington, D.C (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 489-501. von der Borch, C.C., and Trueman, N.A., 1974. Dolomitic basal sediments from northern end of Ninetyeast Ridge. Inital Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 22, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 477-483. von Rad, U., and Rosch, H., 1972. Mineralogy and origin of clay minerals, silica and authigenic silicates in Leg 14 sediments. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 14, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), P. 727-751. Weaver, C.E., 1968. The effects of geologic significance of potassium "fixation" by expandable clay minerals derived from muscovite, biotite, chlorite and volcanic materials. Am. Mineralogist, 43 (No. 9-10), 839. White, S.M., 1976. X-ray mineralogy of sediments, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 38. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 38(Suppl.), Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 437-441. Wright, A., 1984. Sediment distribution and depositional processes operating in the Lesser Antilles intraoceanic island arc, eastern Caribbean. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 78A, Washington, D.C (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 301-324. Zemmels, I., 1973. X-ray mineralogy studies -- Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 16. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 16, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 529-571. _________________, 1977. X-ray mineralogy from the FAMOUS area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge -- Leg 37 Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 37, Washington, D.C (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 895-905. Zimmerman, H.B., 1977. Clay mineral stratigraphy and distribution in the Southe Atlantic Ocean. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 39, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 395-405. Zimmerman, H.B., 1982. Lithologic statigraphy and clay mineralogy of the western Caribbean and eastern Equatorial Pacific, Leg 68, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 68, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 383-395. Zimmerman, H.B., 1983. Clay mineral stratigraphy of the Rio Grande Rise and southern Brazil Basin, western south Altantic Ocean. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 72, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 383-389. Zimmerman, H.B., 1984. Lithostratigraphy and clay mineralogy of the western margin of the Rockall Plateau and the Hatton Sediment Drift. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 81, Washington, D.C. (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 683-693. NGDC Notes: This data set was received from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution combined with a copy of the x-ray mineralogy data set compiled by the DSDP for Legs 1-37. The two sets of data contained too many differences to be left as a combined set, and so were split into the original DSDP files and into the new WHOI files. Some differences included: 1) Original DSDP data contain relative terms rather than percentages in some cases (trace, abundant, etc.), 2) The fields giving depth to sample, section, or BSF did not overlap between the two data sets, 3) The DSDP data were generated under fairly uniform conditions, all by the University of California at Riverside X-Ray Mineralogy Laboratory, and retain more of their uniform value when separable from the additional analyses (Note that some data prior to Leg 38 were encoded by WHOI). Some modifications were made to the WHOI data by NGDC: 1) Leg ID was shortened from 3 to 2 digits to provide uniformity with all of the other DSDP sediment and hardrock data sets. 2) Duplicate 4-digit site and hole fields were reduced to a single 3-digit site and 1-digit hole (blank, A, B, etc.) to provide uniformity with all of the other DSDP sediment and hardrock data sets. 3) An alpha 7-digit Section Depth was justified into 2 separate depth fields separated by a "-" to allow numeric searching on the field. 4) When "CC" was found in the Section Depth field sporadically, it was moved to the section field to be consistent with labelling in other parts of the WHOI data set and with other DSDP data sets. 5) Hole assignments conflicting with the DSDP Coredepths file were checked against the Initial Reports and changed where neccessary. We advise caution, however, in assuming that all holes cited are now correct, because only those conditions (i.e. out of range core # for a hole) which caused a mis-match with the Coredepths file were corrected. Other errors which did not cause a mis-match may still exist. These data have not undergone the thorough quality control that data sets compiled by the DSDP data group have been through.