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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4010 828-271-4876 ncdc.orders@noaa.gov 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/about/ncdccontacts.html Unknown tabular digital data http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov U.S. Stations Monthly Normals for the Atypical Climate Elements is digital data set DS-9641J, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). This data set contains 1961-90 climate normals for 290 National Weather Service (NWS) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airport weather stations from the United States of America, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Pacific islands. From this data set, the U.S. station contribution to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1961-90 global standard normals project was selected. The global standard normals are prepared worldwide every 30 years. The major parameters that make up this data set are elements for which normals are not routinely computed. They include daily temperatures, precipitation, snow, snow depth, hourly dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, sea level pressure, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, sunshine duration, number of days with various weather elements (occurrence/nonoccurrence), and number of days with weather parameters beyond various threshold values. The statistics include mean, median, quartiles, extremes, frequency distribution, standard deviation of monthly and of hourly values, and number of years with non-missing data. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. data set C00395 ANEMOMETERS CEILOMETERS DEWPOINT HYDROMETERS DRY BULB THERMOMETERS HYGROMETERS PRESSURE GAUGES PRESSURE SENSORS RAIN GAUGES SNOW MEASURING ROD THERMOMETERS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WIND VANES DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC B. Sevruk B.: Methods of Correction for Systematic Error in Point Precipitation Measurement for Operational Use, WMO Publication No. 589, Operational Hydrology Report No. 21, World Meteorological Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1982 19610101 19901231 Ground Condition Complete As Needed 130.0 -60.0 72.0 -15.0 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather ISO 19115 Topic Category ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 Elevation 006 Environment 007 GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > SUNSHINE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > DEW POINT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD AMOUNT/FREQUENCY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > SNOW EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW DEPTH GCMD Location Valids Puerto Rico United States Of America Virgin Islands American Samoa Guam Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau GCMD Location Valids Troposphere Land surface None None Not provided Unknown Completeness information not available. The source data from this data set was derived from the Summary of the Day, First Order, DS-3210 (C00215) and Surface Airways Hourly, DS-3280 (C00314) Unknown DATA RECORD FORMATFIELD: 01 POSITION: 001-005 WIDTH: 5 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENT: station I.D. (WBAN number)FIELD: 02 POSITION: 006-009 WIDTH: 4 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: first year of input dataFIELD: 03 POSITION: 010-013 WIDTH: 4 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: last year of input dataFIELD: 04 POSITION: 014-014 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: normals code (standard/provisional indicator) (see Table 01)FIELD: 05 POSITION: 015-016 WIDTH: 2 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENT: statistic code (see Table 02)FIELD: 06 POSITION: 017-018 WIDTH: 2 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: element code (see Table 03)FIELD: 07 POSITION: 019-020 WIDTH: 2 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENT: date indicator code (see Table 04)FIELD: 08 POSITION: 021-024 WIDTH: 4 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENT: threshold/wind direction/weather type indicator code (see Table 05)FIELD: 09 POSITION: 025-026 WIDTH: 2 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: time frame indicator code (see Table 06)FIELD: 10 POSITION: 027-033 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for January (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 11 POSITION: 034-040 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for February (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 12 POSITION: 041-047 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for March (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 13 POSITION: 048-054 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for April (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 14 POSITION: 055-061 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for May (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 15 POSITION: 062-068 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: alue for June (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 6 POSITION: 069-075 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for July (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 17 POSITION: 076-082 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for August (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 18 POSITION: 083-089 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for September (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 19 POSITION: 090-096 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for October (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 20 POSITION: 097-103 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for November (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 21 POSITION: 104-110 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: value for December (real with explicit decimal, or integer)FIELD: 22 POSITION: 111-118 WIDTH: 8 TYPE: numeric CONTENT: annual value, where applicable (real with explicit decimal, or integer)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 01. NORMALS CODE (STANDARD/PROVISIONAL INDICATOR).CODE VALUE 3 standard normal based on data that were not examined for homogeneity 5 provisional normal due to an insufficient period of record (for any of the 12 months: more than 5 years are missing, or 3 or more consecutive year-month values are missing)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 02. STATISTIC CODE.CODE VALUE AV average FR frequency distribution (0.000-1.000) MD median MN extreme minimum MX extreme maximum NY number of years with non-missing data PR prevailing Q1 first quartile Q3 third quartile SH standard deviation of hourly values SM standard deviation of monthly values____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 03. ELEMENT CODE.CODE VALUE 10 maximum temperature 11 daily maximum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 12 number of days with maximum temperature greater than or equal to a threshold (temperature threshold specified in Table 05) 13 number of days with maximum temperature less than or equal to a threshold (temperature threshold specified in Table 05) 14 monthly extreme daily maximum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 20 minimum temperature 21 daily minimum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 22 number of days with minimum temperature less than or equal to a threshold (temperature threshold specified in Table 05) 23 number of days with minimum temperature greater than or equal to a threshold (temperature threshold specified in Table 05) 24 monthly extreme daily minimum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 30 average temperature 31 difference in day-to-day mean temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 40 monthly precipitation 41 daily precipitation (inches) 42 number of days with precipitation equal to a threshold (precipitation threshold specified in Table 05) 43 number of days with precipitation greater than or equal to a threshold (precipitation threshold specified in Table 05) 44 number of days with precipitation greater than a trace but less than 0.10 inches 45 daily precipitation amount for those days having precipitation (inches) 50 snowfall 51 monthly total snowfall (inches) 52 daily snowfall (inches) 53 number of days with snowfall equal to a threshold (snowfall threshold specified in Table 05) 54 number of days with snowfall greater than or equal to a threshold (snowfall threshold specified in Table 05) 55 median daily snowfall amount for all days (with or without snowfall) (inches) 56 median daily snowfall amount for those days having snowfall (inches) 60 depth of snow on the ground (snow depth) 61 daily snow depth amount (inches) 62 number of days with snow on the ground of depth equal to a threshold (snow depth threshold specified in Table 05) 63 number of days with snow on the ground of depth greater than or equal to a threshold (snow depth threshold specified in Table 05) 64 mean daily snow depth for those days having snow on the ground (inches) 65 median daily snow depth for those days having snow on the ground (inches) 71 hourly dry bulb temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 72 monthly wet bulb temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 73 hourly wet bulb temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 74 monthly dew point temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 75 hourly dew point temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) 80 monthly relative humidity (percent) 81 hourly relative humidity (percent) 82 monthly atmospheric pressure at sea level (millibars [hectoPascals]) 83 hourly atmospheric pressure at sea level (millibars [hectoPascals]) 84 number of days with weather (weather code specified in Table 05) 85 wind 86 wind speed (knots) 87 wind direction (wind direction codes defined in Table 07) 90 number of hours of sunshine 91 percent of maximum possible hours of sunshine (0.-100.) 92 maximum possible number of hours of sunshine 95 cloud cover 96 cloud cover (value is tenths of sky covered, 0.00-10.00) 97 cloud cover (value is oktas of sky covered, 0.0-8.0)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 04. DATE INDICATOR CODE.CODE VALUE blanks indicate the value is a data value DA value is a date (day of the month) YR value is a year____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 05. THRESHOLD/WIND DIRECTION/WEATHER TYPE INDICATOR CODE.CODE VALUE all blanks indicate this field is not applicableF### ### is a temperature threshold value in whole degrees FahrenheitH### ### is a precipitation threshold value in inches and hundredthsM### ### is a precipitation threshold value in whole millimetersR001 a trace value for precipitation (a trace here is a value greater than 0.0 inches and less than 0.005 inches)R010 a trace value for snowfall (a trace here is a value greater than 0.0 inches and less than 0.05 inches)R100 a trace value for snow depth (a trace here is a value greater than 0.0 inches and less than 0.5 inches)T### ### is a snowfall or snow depth threshold value in inches and tenthsWddd ddd is a wind direction code defined in Table 07X### ### is a weather type code defined in Table 08____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 06. TIME FRAME INDICATOR CODE.CODE VALUE ## a value for ## of 00-23 indicates the hour (LST) of the day for the observation, based on a 24-hour clock 25 a monthly value that is based on all eight 3-hourly observations 26 a value based on daily data 30 a value based on monthly data____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 07. WIND DIRECTION CODE.CODE VALUEW001 NW002 NNEW003 NEW004 ENEW005 EW006 ESEW007 SEW008 SSEW009 SW010 SWW011 SWW012 WSWW013 WW014 WNWW015 NWW016 NNWW017 variable directionW018 calm (no direction)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 08. WEATHER TYPE CODES.CODE VALUEX001 thunderstormsX002 rain/drizzleX003 freezing rain/freezing drizzleX004 snow/hailX005 hail/sleetX006 precipitationX007 fog/mistX008 smoke/hazeX009 blowing snowX010 dust/sandX011 obstructions to vision____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________METADATA (STATION NAME AND LIMITED INVENTORY) RECORD FORMATFIELD: 01 POSITION: 001-005 WIDTH: 5 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: station I.D. (WBAN number)FIELD: 02 POSITION: 006-006 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 03 POSITION: 007-021 WIDTH: 15 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: inventory indicator codes- = element not presena letter code = statistics are present for the indicated elementPOSITION: 007 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: A = maximum temperature (based on daily data)POSITION: 008 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: I = minimum temperature (based on daily data)POSITION: 009 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: M = mean temperature (based on daily maximum and minimum temperature data)POSITION: 010 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: P = precipitation (based on daily data)POSITION: 011 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: F = snowfall (based on daily data)POSITION: 012 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: D = snow depth (based on daily data)POSITION: 013 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: X = days with weather occurrences (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 014 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: W = wind (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 015 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: Y = dry bulb temperature (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 016 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: T = wet bulb temperature (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 017 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: E = dew point temperature (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 018 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: R = relative humidity (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 019 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: S = sea level atmospheric pressure (based on hourly airways observations)POSITION: 020 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: U = duration of sunshine (based on sunshine recorder data)POSITION: 021 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: C = cloud cover (based on hourly airways observations)FIELD: 04 POSITION: 022-022 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: Not usedFIELD: 05 POSITION: 023-025 WIDTH: 3 TYPE: numeric CONTENTS: number of records in normals file for this stationFIELD: 06 POSITION: 026-026 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 07 POSITION: 027-032 WIDTH: 6 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: corresponding Cooperative (COOP) Network station number (blanks indicate no COOP number assigned to this station)FIELD: 08 POSITION: 033-033 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 09 POSITION: 034-038 WIDTH: 5 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: corresponding World Meteorological Organization (WMO) international index number (blanks indicate no WMO number assigned to this station)FIELD: 10 POSITION: 039-039 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: Not usedFIELD: 11 POSITION: 040-069 WIDTH: 30 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: station nameFIELD: 12 POSITION: 070-070 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 13 POSITION: 071-072 WIDTH: 2 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: state abbreviation code (see Table 09)FIELD: 14 POSITION: 073-073 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 15 POSITION: 074-079 WIDTH: 6 TYPE: numeric CONTENTS: latitude (to hundredths of degrees, where positive values designate Northern Hemisphere, negative values designate Southern Hemisphere)FIELD: 16 POSITION: 080-080 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 17 POSITION: 081-087 WIDTH: 7 TYPE: numeric CONTENTS: longitude (to hundredths of degrees, where positive values designate longitudes east of the prime meridian, negative values designate longitudes west of the prime meridian)FIELD: 18 POSITION: 088-088 WIDTH: 1 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not usedFIELD: 19 POSITION: 089-096 WIDTH: 8 TYPE: numeric CONTENTS: Elevation (meters and tenths)FIELD: 20 POSITION: 097-118 WIDTH: 22 TYPE: alphanumeric CONTENTS: not used____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TABLE 09. STATE ABBREVIATION CODES (includes states, territories, and regions)CODE VALUE CODE VALUE CODE VALUE---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- AK Alaska MA Massachusetts OR Oregon AL Alabama MD Maryland PA Pennsylvania AR Arkansas ME Maine PI Pacific Islands AZ Arizona MI Michigan PR Puerto Rico CA California MN Minnesota RI Rhode Island CO Colorado MO Missouri SC South Carolina CT Connecticut MS Mississippi SD South Dakota DE Delaware MT Montana TN Tennessee FL Florida NC North Carolina TX Texas GA Georgia ND North Dakota UT Utah HI Hawaii NE Nebraska VA Virginia IA Iowa NH New Hampshire VT Vermont ID Idaho NJ New Jersey WA Washington IL Illinois NM New Mexico WI Wisconsin IN Indiana NV Nevada WV West Virginia KS Kansas NY New York WY Wyoming KY Kentucky OH Ohio XX Antarctica LA Louisiana OK Oklahoma ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SOURCE OF THE INPUT DATA:The source data for this data set originated from the Summary of Day First Order (DSI-3210), Surface Airways Hourly (DSI-3280), and NCDC/CDIAC ORNL/CDIAC-43 data sets. The data from 1961-1990 were extracted and processed separately by element category. Element categories extracted from DSI-3210 include:maximum temperature,minimum temperature,precipitation,snowfall,snow depth, anddays with weather occurrences.The element categories extracted from DSI-3280 include:wind,dry bulb temperature,wet bulb temperature,dew point temperature,relative humidity, andatmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level.For sunshine duration and cloud cover, the source for the 1961-87 data was the NCDC/CDIAC data set ORNL/CDIAC-43: Historical Sunshine and Cloud Data in the United States, Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 3689. From this data set were obtained sequential year-month monthly and annual totals of observed sunshine duration and sunrise-sunset cloud cover from 1961-87 and total monthly and annual maximum possible sunshine duration. The source for the 1988-90 data was NCDC data set DSI-3210.The quality assurance process consisted of both manual and automated steps and was applied to the data from both sources, TD-3210 and TD-3280. The data were displayed by means of an array which showed the frequency of occurrences along the entire range of observed values. This array was manually examined, with outliers being identified and flagged. If an outlier was determined to be questionable, then it was deleted from the analysis. A general knowledge of potential extremes as well as the individual station's climatology provided guidance in this process. A Hi-Lo file (a list of threshold values at both the upper and lower extremes revealed by the visual array process) was used in the automated step to filter the hourly or daily data, with values beyond the Hi-Lo thresholds being deleted.The quality assurance process for sunshine duration consisted of the following steps. In the NCDC/CDIAC data set ORNL/CDIAC-43, missing monthly sunshine duration values were estimated from the available corresponding sunrise-sunset mean cloud amount data using seasonal and annual resistant regression equations. When this data set was originally created by NCDC and CDIAC, QC of the data included erroneous value checks, temporal consistency checks, sunshine-cloud cover consistency checks, and examination of outliers. QC of the 1988-90 data from TD-3210 included checking the daily observed sunshine duration for erroneous values (values less than zero or greater than 1440 minutes). The total daily minutes of sunshine duration were converted to monthly totals in hours. If a month had any missing days, the month was treated as missing.The quality assurance process for cloud cover consisted of the following steps. In the NCDC/CDIAC data set ORNL/CDIAC-43, missing monthly cloud cover values were estimated from the available corresponding sunshine duration data using seasonal and annual resistant regression equations. When this data set was originally created by NCDC and CDIAC, QC of the data included erroneous value checks, temporal consistency checks, cloud cover-sunshine consistency checks, and examination of outliers. QC of the 1988-90 data from DSI-3210 included checking the daily mean sunrise-sunset cloud cover for erroneous values (values less than zero or greater than 1.0). The daily mean cloud cover values were averaged to compute a monthly mean cloud cover value. Unless otherwise stated, the monthly normal mean values were computed by summing the corresponding monthly values from all years in the normals period, then dividing by the number of years of data.A value of -99, -99.9, -99.99, -9.99, or -9.999 indicates a missing value (i.e., normal not computed due to insufficient data).Unless otherwise stated, a value of -8.8 indicates a computed normal value greater than 0.0 but less than 0.05. In the number of days with computations, if a month had a few missing days but still had sufficient days to be included in the analysis, then the number of days tallies were pro-rated by a factor consisting of (pos/obs For any given year and month, the monthly value was not computed from the daily values (the month was considered missing) if (1) five or more consecutive daily values were missing or (2) eleven or more daily values in total in the month were missing. None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov DS-9641J Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. 20041229 20040729 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998