gov.noaa.ngdc:G01219 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (comp) 1994 First Boulder, CO National Geophysical Data Center http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=26&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 http://map.ngdc.noaa.gov/website/seg/hazards/viewer.htm http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/hazards.shtml http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=26&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 http Major Tsunamis of 1992 - Nicaragua and Indonesia View all slides in this slide set information http://map.ngdc.noaa.gov/website/seg/hazards/viewer.htm http Natural Hazard Map Viewer Tsunami Events with slide images information http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/hazards.shtml http Natural Hazards Data Home page for NGDC Natural Hazards Data information At 7:16 p.m. on September 1, 1992, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 generated a tsunami with waves between eight and fifteen meters high that struck twenty-six towns along 250 km of Nicaragua's Pacific coast. More than 40,000 people were affected by the loss of their homes or means of income. The waves left 116 dead, 63 missing, and another 489 injured. Tsunami inundation of 1,000 meters was reported at Masachapa, where at least 15 people were killed. The tsunami caused an estimated US $25 million in damage and losses. Fifty-three percent of this damage occurred to housing. Commerce, tourism, fishing, water supplies, waste disposal, electricity, and port infrastructure also were damaged. Low income people suffered the most, incurring the loss of homes, fishing boats, and sources of income. The earthquake epicenter was located at 11.8 deg N and 87.4 deg W, about 120 km west-southwest of the city of Managua. The earthquake was caused by the interaction of the Cocos and Caribbean tectonic plates, and occurred within a seismic gap located along the intersection of those plates. Several aftershocks of decreasing magnitude followed. The unusual wave height and destructiveness of the tsunami resulted from the relatively shallow earthquake depth and a subterranean landslide. The tsunami moved rapidly toward the Nicaragua coast arriving at some coastal locations just twenty minutes after the earthquake. The tsunami occurred in the evening when the fishing boats were docked; many of them were lost or damaged by the waves. Several tourist centers, including hotels and other commercial establishments, were damaged and two schools were destroyed. The ecology of the coastal area was affected as the waves and high salinity sea water destroyed plants, fish, turtles, and fish and turtle eggs. The December 1992 Tsunami in Indonesia On December 12, 1992 at 05:29 UT a 7.8 surface wave magnitude earthquake occurred in the Flores region of Indonesia (8 deg 31' S, 121deg 54' E). Flores Island is located about 1,800 km east of Jakarta. The death toll as a result of the combined earthquake and tsunami effects was more than two thousand. This includes 1,490 at Maumere and 700 on Babi Island. (About one-half of the deaths were attributed to the tsunami.) More than 500 people were seriously injured and 90,000 left homeless. In addition, 28,118 houses, 785 school buildings, 307 mosques, and 493 store and office buildings were destroyed or damaged. Nineteen people were killed and 130 houses were destroyed on Kalaotoa. Severe damage occurred at Maumere with 90 percent of the buildings destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami. Damage also occurred on Sumba and Alor. Tsunami inundation of 300 meters with wave heights of 25 meters were reported on Flores Island along with landslides and ground cracks at several locations around the island. The maximum tsunami runup height of 26.2 m was measured at Riangkroko where 163 people lost their lives. Severe coastal erosion occurred during the tsunami, exposing eroded coral complexes and lowering coastal land surfaces. Coastline areas were characterized by the deposition ofextensive and continuous sediment sheets up to one meter in thickness. Wave reflection off Flores Island may have been partially responsible for the devastation on Babi Island. This Flores event was catastrophic in terms of human casualties and property damage, resulting from the earthquake and the tsunamis. However, the event also provided much information about the geophysical, geological, and engineering aspects of tsunamis and has enhanced our overall knowledge of tsunamis and their effects. To provide hazard information. 19920901 19921231 Publication Date Complete None Planned -88.210 122.900 13.220 -8.550 NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Waves > Tsunamis INFOTERRA Keyword Thesaurus Disasters > Catastrophic Phenomena > Tsunami Disasters > Catastrophic Phenomena > Landslides ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords WDC/SEG, BOULDER > World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names North and Central America > Nicaragua Asia > Indonesia None None DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Joy A. Ikelman Mailing and Physical Address

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-6419 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 Joy.A.Ikelman@noaa.gov 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain Contact Data Center http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/icons/small_res/26/26_540.jpg The effects of the tsunami at Wuhring, Flores Island. Although the tsunami heights at this location were lower than elsewhere (only about 3.5 m) the waves swept entirely over the 400 m by 200 m peninsula inundating the densely populated community of Wuhring and killing 100. Here the damage was not as severe as on Babi Island. The waves left conical sand accumulations inside the houses, and at some locations the depth of the debris was about one meter. JPEG Patricia Lockridge DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce User Services Mailing and Physical Address

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-6826 (303) 497-6513 ngdc.info@noaa.gov 7:30 - 5:00 Mountain Document While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. G01219-SLI-A0001 35 mm slides: Major Tsunamis of 1992 - Nicaragua and Indonesia $25.00 plus handling and shipment outside the USA Product may be ordered from the online store via: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=G01219-SLI-A0001 4 Days TIFF 30502 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=26&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=26&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 http Major Tsunamis of 1992 - Nicaragua and Indonesia View all slides in this slide set information None Product may be downloaded via: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_1=26&t=101634&s=0&d=4&d=44 None G01268-CDR-A0001 TIFF CD-ROM ISO 9660 $195.00/$145.00 plus handling and shipment outside the USA Product may be ordered from the online store via: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=G01268-CDR-A0001 4 Days Contact Data Center Contact Data Center 20080118 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Kelly Stroker Mailing and Physical Address

NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC E/GC1 325 Broadway

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA (303) 497-4603 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 kelly.stroker@noaa.gov 7:30-5:00 Mountain Contact Data Center Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/extensions/local_extensions.html NGDC Extensions to FGDC Metadata