*BAILEY ECOREGIONS OF THE CONTINENTS (REPROJECTED)_help Global Ecosystems Database Disc B (Beta Version): Chapter 4 Bailey Ecoregions of the Continents (reprojected) Boundaries Province Domain Division DATA-SET DESCRIPTION Data-Set Name: Bailey Ecoregions of the Continents Principal Investigator: Dr. Robert G. Bailey USDA Forest Service Scientific Reference: Bailey, R.G. 1989. Explanatory supplement to Ecoregions Map of the Continents. Environmental Conservation, vol. 16, no. 4, pp 307-309. Bailey, R.G., 1986. A world ecoregions map for resource reporting. Environmental Conservation, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 195-202. SOURCE Source Data Citation: Bailey, R.G. 1989/1993. Bailey Ecoregions Map of the Continents. Digital vector data on a Geographic (lat/long) global polygon network in ARC/INFO format. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Monitoring Center. 623 KB in 1 compressed file on floppy disk. Contributor: Dr. Mark Collins World Conservation Monitoring Center Cambridge, U.K. Distributor: World Conservation Monitoring Center Cambridge, U.K. Tel: 44 223 277314 Vintage: 1989 Lineage: (1)Original paper map in an undocumented Russian projection: Dr. Robert G. Bailey USDA Forest Service 3825 east Mulberry St. Ft. Collins, CO 80524, USA (2)Digitized by: Robert Waltermire National Ecology Research Center 4512 McMurry Ave. Ft. Collins, CO 80525-3400 (3)Resampled to Geographic (lat/long) projection by: Richard Luxmoore World Conservation Monitoring Center Cambridge, U.K. ORIGINAL DESIGN Variables: Bailey's Ecoregions, classed by Domain, Division, and Province. Origin: Multiple paper map sources integrated and modified by Robert Bailey. Geographic Reference: Undocumented Russian projection based on Gerasimov, I.P. (Ed.) 1964. Types of natural landscapes of the Earth's land areas. Plate 75, In Fiziko-geograficheskii Atlas Mira [Physico-geographic Atlas of the World]. USSR Acad. Sci. and Main Administration of Geodesy and Cartography. Moscow, USSR, scale = 1:80,000,000. Geographic Coverage: Global Geographic Sampling: Vector boundary data from original 1:80,000,000 scale, represented at 1:30,000,000. Time Period: Composite of most recent information ca 1960-1980. Temporal Sampling: Composite of most recent information ca 1960-1980. INTEGRATED DATA-SET Data-Set Citation: Bailey, R.G. 1989/1993. Bailey Ecoregions of the Continents from the World Conservation Monitoring Center. Digital vector data on a .3 minute resolution Geographic (lat/long) global polygon network and derived raster data on a 10-minute Geographic (lat/long) 1080x2160 grid. In: Global Ecosystems Database Version 1.0: Disc B. Boulder, CO: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center. 1 independent spatial layer with 3 attributes on CD-ROM. 800 KB in 9 files. Analyst: John J. Kineman Global Ecosystems Database Project National Geophysical Data Center 3100 Marine St. (Mail Code E/GC1, 325 Broadway) Boulder, CO 80303 Projection: Geographic (lat/long) Spatial Representation: (1)Vector polygonal classed units at a claimed scale of 1:30,000,000. (2)10-minute global 1080x2160 grids rasterized from the vector data. Temporal Representation: Static modern composite. Data Representation: Classes represented in an attribute values file, linked to areas by numerical code. Layers and Attributes: One vector layer with three attributes; with the same data represented in three dependent single-attribute raster layers. Compressed Data Volume: Approximately 800 KB ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Bailey, R.G. 1991. Design of ecological networks for monitoring global change. Environmental Conservation, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 173-176. Bailey, R.G. 1985. The factor of scale in ecosystem mapping. Environmental Management Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 271-276. Bailey, R.G. 1987. Suggested hierarchy of criteria for multi- scale ecosystem mapping. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 14, pp. 313-319. Bailey, R.G. 1984. Testing an ecosystem regionalization. Journal of environmental Management, Vol. 19, pp. 239-248. Bailey, R.G. 1983. Delineation of ecosystem regions. Environmental Management, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 365-373. Gerasimov, I.P. (Ed.) 1964. Types of natural landscapes of the Earth's land areas. Plate 75. In Fiziko- geograficheskii Atlas Mira [Physical-geographic Atlas of the World]. USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Moscow. Scale = 1:80,000,000. DATA FILE DESCRIPTION DATA ELEMENT: Ecoregion Province STRUCTURE Raster data file: 10-min GED 1080x2160 grid (see User's Guide) SERIES NONE SPATIAL META-DATA: BEC.DOC file title : Bailey Ecoregions of the World data type : byte file type : binary columns : 2160 rows : 1080 ref. system : lat/long ref. units : deg unit dist. : 1.0000000 min. X : -180.0000000 max. X : 180.0000000 min. Y : -90.0000000 max. Y : 90.0000000 pos'n error : 0.5000000 resolution : 0.5000000 min. value : 0 max. value : 100 value units : classes value error : unknown flag value : none flag def'n : none legend cats : 101 category 0 : background category 1 : 1 POLAR DOMAIN: ICECAP DIVISION: category 2 : 2 POLAR DOMAIN: ICECAP REGIME MOUNTAINS: category 3 : 3 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: CONTINENTAL DARK EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF OPEN FOREST category 4 : 4 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: CONTINENTAL LIGHT DECIDUOUS NEEDLELEAF OPEN FOREST category 5 : 5 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: EASTERN OCEANIC TAYGA category 6 : 6 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: MODERATE CONTINENTAL DARK EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF TAYGA category 7 : 7 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: CONTINENTAL DARK EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF TAYGA category 8 : 8 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: CONTINENTAL AND EXTREME CONTINENTAL LIGHT DECIDUOUS TAYGA category 9 : 9 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: MODERATE CONTINENTAL SMALL-LEAFED FOREST category 10 : 10 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC DIVISION: CONTINENTAL MIXED CONIFEROUS AND SMALL-LEAFED FOREST category 11 : 11 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC REGIME MOUNTAINS: OPEN WOODLAND-TUNDRA category 12 : 12 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC REGIME MOUNTAINS: OPEN WOODLAND-CREEPING TREES-TUNDRA category 13 : 13 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-TUNDRA OF MODERATELY AND CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 14 : 14 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC REGIME MOUNTAINS:FOREST- CREEPING TREES-TUNDRA OF EXTREME CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 15 : 15 POLAR DOMAIN: SUBARCTIC REGIME MOUNTAINS: OCEANIC FOREST-TUNDRA category 16 : 16 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA DIVISION: POLAR DESERTS category 17 : 17 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA DIVISION: ARCTIC TUNDRAS category 18 : 18 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA DIVISION: OCEANIC MOSS-AND-GRASS TUNDRA category 19 : 19 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA DIVISION: CONTINENTAL MOSS-AND-LICHEN (TYPICAL) TUNDRA category 20 : 20 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA DIVISION: CONTINENTAL BUSH-AND-SHRUB TUNDRA category 21 : 21 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA REGIME MOUNTAINS: TUNDRA-POLAR DESERT category 22 : 22 POLAR DOMAIN: TUNDRA REGIME MOUNTAINS: POLAR DESERT category 23 : 23 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: HOT CONTINENTAL DIVISION: PERMANENTLY HUMID EASTERN OCEANIC BROADLEAF FORESTS category 24 : 24 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: HOT CONTINENTAL DIVISION: MODERATELY HUMID BROADLEAF FOREST IN MODERATELY CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 25 : 25 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: HOT CONTINENTAL REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-ALPINE MEADOWS category 26 : 26 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE DIVISION: OCEANIC MEADOW category 27 : 27 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE DIVISION: WESTERN OCEANIC CONIFEROUS AND MIXED FORESTS category 28 : 28 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE DIVISION: PERMANENTLY HUMID WEST OCEANIC BROADLEAF FORESTS category 29 : 29 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE DIVISION: WESTERN OCEANIC TAYGA category 30 : 30 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE REGIME MOUNTAINS: OCEANIC MEADOW-TUNDRA category 31 : 31 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE REGIME MOUNTAINS: OCEANIC FOREST-TUNDRA category 32 : 32 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MARINE REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-ALPINE MEADOWS category 33 : 33 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MEDITERRANEAN DIVISION: WESTERN OCEANIC MIXED SCLEROPHYLL FORESTS AND SHRUB category 34 : 34 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MEDITERRANEAN DIVISION: DRY STEPPES AND SHRUB OF MODERATE CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 35 : 35 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MEDITERRANEAN REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-ALPINE MEADOWS OF WESTERN OCEANIC (MEDITERRANEAN) CLIMATE category 36 : 36 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: MEDITERRANEAN REGIME MTNS: SHRUB-FOREST-MEADOW OF MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE category 37 : 37 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE DIVISION: TEMPERATE PRAIRIES (HUMID STEPPES AND WOODED STEPPES) OF EASTERN PARTS OF CONTINENTS category 38 : 38 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE DIVISION: BROADLEAF-WOODED STEPPES AND MEADOW STEPPES OF MODERATELY CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 39 : 39 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE DIVISION: SMALL-LEAFED AND CONIFEROUS WOODED STEPPES OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 40 : 40 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE DIVISION: OPEN WOODLAND, SAVANNAS, AND SHRUB OF EASTERN PARTS OF CONTINENTS category 41 : 41 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE DIVISION: SUBTROPICAL PRAIRIES (HUMID STEPPES AND WOODED STEPPES) OF EASTERN PARTS OF CONTINENTS category 42 : 42 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE REGIME MOUNTAINS: CONTINENTAL STEPPE-FOREST-TUNDRA AND STEPPE-FOREST-MEADOW category 43 : 43 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: PRAIRIE REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-ALPINE MEADOWS category 44 : 44 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: SUBTROPICAL DIVISION: OCEANIC MIXED CONSTANTLY HUMID FORESTS category 45 : 45 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: SUBTROPICAL REGIME MTNS: FOREST-MEADOW OF EASTERN OCEANIC (MONSOON CLIMATE) category 46 : 46 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: SUBTROPICAL REGIME MTNS: OCEANIC CONSTANTLY HUMID FOREST-ALPINE MEADOWS category 47 : 47 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: WARM CONTINENTAL DIVISION: EASTERN OCEANIC MIXED MONSOON FOREST category 48 : 48 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: WARM CONTINENTAL DIVISION: MODERATE CONTINENTAL MIXED FORESTS category 49 : 49 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: WARM CONTINENTAL REGIME MOUNTAINS: OCEANIC FOREST-TUNDRA category 50 : 50 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: WARM CONTINENTAL REGIME MOUNTAINS: OCEANIC FOREST-CREEPING TREES category 51 : 51 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN: WARM CONTINENTAL REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-TUNDRA OF MODERATELY CONTINENTAL AND CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 52 : 52 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE DESERT DIVISION: SEMI-DESERTS AND DESERTS OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 53 : 53 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE DESERT DIVISION: SEMI-DESERTS OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 54 : 54 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE DESERT DIVISION: DESERTS OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 55 : 55 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE DESERT DIVISION: SEMI-DESERTS OF EXTREME CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 56 : 56 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE DESERT DIVISION: DESERTS OF EXTREME CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 57 : 57 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS: EXTREME CONTINENTAL DESERT-STEPPE category 58 : 58 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE STEPPE DIVISION: DRY STEPPES OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 59 : 59 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE STEPPE DIVISION: STEPPES OF MODERATELY CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 60 : 60 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE STEPPE DIVISION: DRY STEPPES OF EXTREME CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 61 : 61 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-ALPINE MEADOWS category 62 : 62 DRY DOMAIN: TEMPERATE STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS: CONTINENTAL OPEN WOODLAND-STEPPE category 63 : 63 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION: SHRUB AND SEMI-SHRUB SEMI-DESERTS AND DESERTS OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 64 : 64 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION: SEMI-DESERTS AND DESERTS category 65 : 65 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION: INNER CONTINENTAL SHRUB SEMI-DESERT category 66 : 66 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION: INNER CONTINENTAL DESERTS OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 67 : 67 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION: WESTERN OCEANIC SEMI-DESERTS AND DESERTS WITH HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITY category 68 : 68 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION: INNER CONTINENTAL SEMI-DESERTS AND DESERTS OF EXTREME CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 69 : 69 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS: DESERT-STEPPE AND DESERT-STEPPE-DESERT OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 70 : 70 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS: EXTREME CONTINENTAL DESERT category 71 : 71 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS: DESERT-STEPPE category 72 : 72 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS: DESERT category 73 : 73 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE DIVSION: STEPPES & SHRUB OF MODERATE CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 74 : 74 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE DIVISION: DRY STEPPES OPEN WOODLAND & SHRUB OF CONT. CLIMATE category 75 : 75 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE DIVISION: SHRUB AND SEMI-SHRUB SEMI-DESERTS OF CONT. CLIMATE category 76 : 76 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE DIVISION: DESERT-LIKE SAVANNAS, OPEN WOODLAND, AND SHRUB category 77 : 77 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE DIVISION: DRY STEPPES AND SHRUB OF MODERATE CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 78 : 78 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-MEADOW-STEPPE OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 79 : 79 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS: OPEN WOODLAND-STEPPE OF CONTINENTAL CLIMATE category 80 : 80 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS: OPEN WOODLAND-SHRUB-DESERT category 81 : 81 DRY DOMAIN: TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS: OPEN WOODLAND-STEPPE category 82 : 82 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST DIVISION: EASTERN OCEANIC CONSTANTLY HUMID FORESTS category 83 : 83 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST DIVISION: MIXED FORESTS WITH SHORT DRY SEASON category 84 : 84 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST DIVISION: CONSTANTLY HUMID EVERGREEN FORESTS category 85 : 85 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST DIVISION: HUMID FORESTS WITH SHORT DRY SEASON category 86 : 86 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST REGIME MTNS: FOREST-MEADOW OF CONSTANTLY HUMID ETRN OCEANIC TYPE category 87 : 87 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-PARAMO AND FOREST-MEADOW OF CONSTANTLY HUMID OCEANIC (AND WINDWARD-SLOPE) TYPE category 88 : 88 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: RAINFOREST REGIME MOUNTAINS: FOREST-PARAMO AND FOREST-MEADOW category 89 : 89 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA DIVISION: SEASONALLY HUMID MIXED (DECIDUOUS & EVERGREEN) FORESTS category 90 : 90 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA DIVISION: SAVANNAS, OPEN WOODLAND AND SHRUB WITH SEASONAL MOISTURE SUPPLY category 91 : 91 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA DIVISION: SEASONALLY HUMID, PREDOMINANTLY DECIDUOUS FORESTS category 92 : 92 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA DIVISION: HUMID TALL-GRASS SAVANNAS AND SAVANNA FORESTS category 93 : 93 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA DIVISION: MODERATELY HUMID GRASSY SAVANNAS category 94 : 94 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA DIVISION: DRY SAVANNAS AND OPEN WOODLAND category 95 : 95 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA REGIME DIVISION: FOREST-STEPPE AND FOREST-MEADOW OF SEASONALLY HUMID TYPE category 96 : 96 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA REGIME DIVISION: FOREST-MEADOW, SEASONALLY HUMID category 97 : 97 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN: SAVANNA REGIME DIVISION: FOREST-STEPPE, INNER CONTINENTAL AND LEEWARD SLOPES category 98 : not used category 99 : not used category100 : 100 LAKES comment : classes are unique occurances from the original Arc/Info polygon attribute table (PAT) lineage : Projection corrected at the World Conservation Monitoring Center lineage : Converted from Arc/Info coverage at the National Geophysical Data lineage : Rasterized at 10-minute grid at the National Geophysical Data Center ATTRIBUTE META-DATA: NONE NOTES: (1) Units are identical to those in the vector file (2) Legend includes Domain and Division names DATA ELEMENT: Ecoregion Domain STRUCTURE: Raster data file:10-minute GED 1080x2160 grid (see User's Guide) SERIES: NONE SPATIAL META-DATA: BECDOM.DOC file title : Bailey's Ecoregions of the World - Domain data type : byte file type : binary columns : 2160 rows : 1080 ref. system : lat/long ref. units : deg unit dist. : 1.0000000 min. X : -180.0000000 max. X : 180.0000000 min. Y : -90.0000000 max. Y : 90.0000000 pos'n error : unknown resolution : 0.5000000 min. value : 0 max. value : 5 value units : classes value error : unknown flag value : 0 flag def'n : no data legend cats : 6 category 0 : 0 background category 1 : 1 100 POLAR DOMAIN category 2 : 2 200 HUMID TEMPERATE DOMAIN category 3 : 3 300 DRY DOMAIN category 4 : 4 400 HUMID TROPICAL DOMAIN category 5 : 5 Lakes ATTRIBUTE META-DATA: NONE NOTES: (1) Units are reclassed from BEC.IMG DATA ELEMENT: Ecoregion Division STRUCTURE: Raster data file:10-min GED 1080x2160 grid (see User's Guide) SERIES: NONE SPATIAL DATA FILES: BECDIV.DOC file title : Bailey's Ecoregions of the Continents -- Division data type : byte file type : binary columns : 2160 rows : 1080 ref. system : lat/long ref. units : deg unit dist. : 1.0000000 min. X : -180.0000000 max. X : 180.0000000 min. Y : -90.0000000 max. Y : 90.0000000 pos'n error : unknown resolution : 0.5000000 min. value : 0 max. value : 31 value units : classes value error : unknown flag value : 0 flag def'n : no data [and background] legend cats : 32 category 0 : 0 no data category 1 : 1 110 ICECAP DIVISION category 2 : 2 M110 SUBARCTIC DIVISION category 3 : 3 130 SUBARCTIC DIVISION category 4 : 4 M130 SUBARCTIC REGIME MOUNTAINS category 5 : 5 120 TUNDRA DIVISION category 6 : 6 M120 TUNDRA REGIME MOUNTAINS category 7 : 7 220 HOT CONTINENTAL DIVISION category 8 : 8 M220 HOT CONTINENTAL REGIME MOUNTAINS category 9 : 9 240 MARINE DIVISION category 10 : 10 M240 MARINE REGIME MOUNTAINS category 11 : 11 260 MEDITERRANEAN DIVISION category 12 : 12 M260 MEDITERRANEAN REGIME MOUNTAINS category 13 : 13 250 PRAIRIE DIVISION category 14 : 14 M250 PRAIRIE REGIME MOUNTAINS category 15 : 15 230 SUBTROPICAL DIVISION category 16 : 16 M230 SUBTROPICAL REGIME MOUNTAINS category 17 : 17 210 WARM CONTINENTAL DIVISION category 18 : 18 M210 WARM CONTINENTAL REGIME MOUNTAINS category 19 : 19 340 TEMPERATE DESERT DIVISION category 20 : 20 M340 TEMPERATE DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS category 21 : 21 330 TEMPERATE STEPPE DIVISION category 22 : 22 M330 TEMPERATE STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS category 23 : 23 320 TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT DIVISION category 24 : 24 M320 TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL DESERT REGIME MOUNTAINS category 25 : 25 310 TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE DIVISION category 26 : 26 M310 TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL STEPPE REGIME MOUNTAINS category 27 : 27 420 RAINFOREST DIVISION category 28 : 28 M420 RAINFOREST REGIME MOUNTAINS category 29 : 29 410 SAVANNA DIVISION category 30 : 30 M410 SAVANNA REGIME DIVISION category 31 : 31 Lakes ATTRIBUTE META-DATA: NONE NOTES (1)Units are reclassed from BEC.IMG TECHNICAL REPORT John J. Kineman National Geophysical Data Center 3100 Marine St. (Mail Code E/GC1, 325 Broadway) Boulder, CO 80303 Source Data: The source dataset was obtained through Mark Collins of the World Conservation Monitoring Center in U.K. following various unsuccessful attempts to unproject the original digital version provided to us by the National Ecology Research Laboratory (Digitized by Robert Waltermire from Robert Bailey's original map). The original map was thought to conform to an unknown Ginsberg modified Polyconic projection, but we were only able to confirm that it is based on a Russian projection used in the Gerasimov atlas (see Additional References, above). A copy of the Gerasimov atlas resides at NGDC in Boulder, and NGDC has close contacts with the cartographic institute which produced the atlas (part of the former USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow). These contacts provided the following information about the projection used for Plate 75 of the atlas (which was apparently the base map for Bailey's work): 1. The projection is a modified polyconic projection of the USSR Geodetic and Cartographic Institute (Academy of Sciences). 2. In 1971 the projection was approximated at the institute by computer analysis using 9th order polynomials in latitude and longitude, with control points on a 5 degree grid. Otherwise, there is no known mathematical transformation. The polynomial approximation techniques developed in Moscow for reprojection are similar to most rubber-sheeting methods (which also use polynomial approximation). Since the WCMC version was already done, and was kindly made available for the project, we decided to use that version. Original Documentation: The following information is extracted from documentation of November 27, 1990 for the "ECOREGIONS OF THE CONTINENTS DATA BASE" distributed with the original version of the dataset by the National Ecology Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4512 McMurray Avenue, Ft. Collins, CO 80525-3400: The National Ecology Research Center digitized the Ecoregions of the Continents map (Robert G. Bailey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, 1989) at a scale of 1:30,000,000 from a paper source. Arc/Info Version 5.01 software was used to digitize the map in table inches using an Altek Model 34.3 tablet with a resolution of .001" (.0254 mm) and an accuracy of +/- .003" (+/- .08 mm). The center was unable to determine which [projection] was used. Since the projection and specific parameters of the source map are unknown, it is not possible to accurately transform the ECOWRLD coverage to projected units. USERS OF THE ECOWRLD COVERAGE (in table inches) ARE ADVISED THAT THE NATIONAL ECOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR A TRANSFORMATION OF THE EXISTING COVERAGE OR FOR RESULTS OBTAINED FROM A RUBBER SHEETING PROCESS. Rubber sheeting can be applied if a generous number of control points are used. The accuracy of the final product, however, may still be in question depending on the number and accuracy of the links used (Andrew Duff, ESRI, personal communication). WCMC Documentation: The data were provided to us from WCMC on floppy disk as an Arc/Info Export file in compressed format. Documentation supplied with the WCMC version provides the following information: Information Content: Digital data obtained from the Ecology Research Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service. The data has been digitized in table inches using an Altek Model 34-3 tablet with a resolution of 0.254 mm and an accuracy of +/- .003 inches (+/-) .08 mm) in ARC/INFO v.5.01. The projection of the map was unknown, although tic locations were provided. The transformation of the tic points was unsuccessful so the data [were] transformed up to World Data[bank] II and then rubber sheeted using over 7000 links. Rubber Sheeting was applied at WCMC. The (polygon) data is presented with a single polygon attribute file for each coverage. Description of coverage Bailey [from ARC/INFO]: Precision single ARCS POLYGONS Arcs = 1574 Polygons = 633 Segments = 40213 Polygon Topology is present 0 bytes of Arc Attribute Data 186 bytes of Polygon Attribute Data NODES POINTS Nodes = 1599 Label Points = 632 0 bytes of Node Attribute Data TOLERANCES SECONDARY FEATURES Fuzzy = 0.006 V Tics = 288 Dangle = 0.000 N Links = 0 COVERAGE BOUNDARY Xmin = -180.000 Ymin = -90.000 Xmax = 180.000 Ymax = 90.000 COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Projection GEOGRAPHIC Units DD Spheroid CLARK1866 The following table lists the original control points from NERC and those provided in the WCMC reprojected coverage: IDTIC XTIC(Orig) YTIC(Orig) XTIC(WCMC) YTIC(WCMC) 1 -180 60 -.1799959E+03 0.5999799E+02 2 0 80 0.0000000E+00 0.7999663E+02 3 80 80 0.7999514E+02 0.7999663E+02 4 180 60 0.1799959E+03 0.5999799E+02 5 160 20 0.1599998E+03 0.1999937E+02 6 160 -20 0.1599998E+03 -19.999370 7 180 -60 0.1799959E+03 -59.997990 8 120 -80 0.1199927E+03 -79.996630 9 -20 -80 -19.998790 -79.996630 10 -180 -60 -179.995900 -59.997990 11 -140 -20 -139.999800 -19.999370 12 -140 20 -.1399998E+03 0.1999937E+02 13 -40 20 -.3999995E+02 0.1999937E+02 14 80 20 0.7999991E+02 0.1999937E+02 15 80 -20 0.7999991E+02 -19.999370 16 -40 -20 -39.999950 -19.999370 This suggests agreement to about three decimal places, however it is uncertain if the WCMC tic coordinates are those reprojected from original table inches after determining the rubber sheeting parameters, or if they were used as part of the control point array (in which case the agreement could not be taken as a general result for the overall map). Data Integration: The WCMC version of the Bailey's Ecoregions dataset was exported from PC Arc/Info v.3.4D Plus to Idrisi 4.0 preserving coordinate precision to three decimal places and using region codes created from unique combinations of fields in the attribute table. Thus BEC.VEC is a vector data file with polygon IDs corresponding to codes that were assigned for each of the Bailey Ecoregion classes. The codes were created by numbering the unique occurrences of Domain, Division, and Province in the dataset. The resulting vector polygon file was also rasterized into a 10- minute global image file (BEC.IMG) in the GED format (see User's Guide). The attributes Domain and Division were similarly coded from the Polygon Attribute Table and assigned to the Ecoregions map to produce derived raster layers. Both BECDOM and BECDIV are thus simple reclassifications of BEC. Since the Province attribute is essentially the same as the BEC classes, a separate image/map was not created for it. The descriptive legend for the numerically coded classes in BEC was created by combining the information for Domain, Division, & Province from attribute table. Quality Control and Testing: Various quality checks were performed during and after the integration process. First, visual comparisons were made with Micro World Data Bank II in Arc/Info and Idrisi. Micro World Databank II is the standard georeference adopted by the GED Project, and is considered acceptable to 2 minute resolution (.033 deg.). Distance measurements were made in random areas appearing to have the greatest and/or characteristic disagreement. On this subjective basis, disagreements along the coast approaching 1-degree were found. This, however, does not appear to be an error in the re-projection process, since the MWDBII vectors are far more detailed than the Bailey polygon boundaries and no systematic or regional patterns of disagreement (i.e., consistent displacements in one direction or another over a significant region) were noticeable. Projection errors would be especially evident in the polar regions in such a visual comparison, but again, the general agreement between MWDBII coasts and the BEC coasts seemed consistent. Overall registration differences between the two data sets appeared to be considerably less than the mean difference between the coastlines, again supporting the hypothesis that discrepancies were primarily due to the resolution of the Bailey Ecoregion data, rather than projection or registration errors. More rigorous statistical comparisons were performed to test the registration and general agreement with MWDBII coastlines. Accuracy of Coastline compared to Micro World Data Bank II: Mean distance between coastlines between the Bailey dataset and MWDBII Coasts were calculated on a 10-minute raster grid by first producing a distance map from the land/water boundary in the Bailey dataset, then extracting statistics using the MWDBII coastline as the extraction feature. The results of this test were: Mean coastline offset: .22 deg. Maximum offset: 3.5 deg. standard deviation of offset: .32 deg. This indicates that about 90% of the coastal points are within .5 deg. Registration: Next, registration was tested by perturbing the origin in the above analysis, so that comparisons were made with a one pixel offset in four orthogonal directions. The results of this test were: perturbation mean coastal offset (x+1, y+1) : .25 (x-1, y-1): .24 (x+1,y-1): .25 (x-1,y+1): .25 Mean coastal offset will increase with increasing mis- registration, and as expected increased mis-registration occurred in all four directions. This indicates that no registration error is detectable at 10-minute resolution. Distance between points along a polygon boundary: As a final check, statistics were produced (using a program developed by Mark Ohrenschall of NGDC) on the point spacing within the Bailey vector data. The results of this test were: all points weighted equally means by polygon s.d. by polygon Mean point spacing: .33 .33 .2 standard deviation: .5 .1 --- maximum: *8 .9 2.8 + excluding straight lines, which can have point spreads up to 58 degrees. This indicates about 20 minute resolution at 70% confidence, 30 minute resolution at 80%, and about 50 minute resolution at 99%. Also, the polygon resolutions are evenly distributed (mean = mean of polygon means), and fairly consistent (s.d. of the polygon mean point spacing = .1); although point spacings approaching 1 deg. were common among polygons. The average (across polygons) of standard deviations of spacings within polygons was .2. The maximum s.d. of spacings within a polygon was 2.8. Conclusion: One must remember that grid resolution, i.e., the spacing or size of raster cells, is not the same as feature resolution. For a raster representation of this dataset that does not loose information, a 10-minute grid was necessary, although the spatial resolution of the data is no better than .5 degree and may approach 1 degree. This is because resolution of vector data varies between features, and is different for relative locations of polygon boundaries than it is for absolute locations or information internal to those boundaries. A feature resolution of between .3 and .8 deg seems like a good estimate overall. This is supported by the mean point spacing along lines as well as the mean locational error of the coastlines. It is interesting how well this corresponds (assuming a digitizing accuracy of 1 mm) to the mixed scales, 1:30,000,000 for the original Bailey map and USDA Forest Service digitized version, and 1:80,000,000 for the Russian data published in the Gerasimov atlas, which was used as a major source. For the raster images, representation at 10-minutes was chosen to preserve boundary relationships and relative detail. A general rule of thumb in remote sensing is that ground resolution is generally limited to about 2-3 pixels. The same ratio thus exists for a 10-minute raster version of this dataset (resolvable to only .5 degree information). The difference between representation and resolution is thus apparent and unavoidable. The comparisons performed to test resolution and registration show that the rubber sheeting process performed by WCMC was successful and probably an order of magnitude more accurate than the data in both projection and registration. Nevertheless, this was tested only along the coastlines (unless the tic points were preserved for testing and not used as control points in the rubber sheeting process - this would have to be confirmed with WCMC). Position error of the coastline was consistent with the point spacing. *BAILEY ECOREGIONS OF THE CONTINENTS (REPROJECTED) ANCILLARY ENVIRONMENTAL DATA Bailey Ecoregions of the Continents #\data\ncillary\bec.img Bailey Ecoregions of the Continents - Domain #\data\ncillary\becdom.img Bailey Ecoregions of the Continents - Division #\data\ncillary\becdiv.img