NOAA / NESDIS / National Geophysical Data Center / WDC for SEG, Boulder, Colorado USA

Description of programs in excercises

The software described here will be updated occasionally. For the description of the program you have, type:

% program_name -h

for a help message.

Here follows hints for the use of all the programs referred to in the excercises in this book as well as some supplemental programs that are helpful.

The programs described here are part of the package pmag1.0. They are designed to take advantage of the power of UNIX in that they all take command line arguments. The common features are:

1) All programs repond with a help message if the [-h] switch is used:

% program_name -h

2) Programs that produce pictures use the freeware program plotxy (see section on getting and installing plotxy. Pmag1.0 programs output plotxy commands which can be piped directly to plotxy:

% program_name | plotxy

This causes plotxy to create a postscript file, which can be viewed with a postscript viewer such as pageview, ghostscript or ghostview, or it can be printed to a postscript compatible printer. The plotxy commands generated by the pmag1.0 programs can also be saved to a file and modified as needed:

% program_name > myfile.com

A text editor can be used to modify the commands to taste (see also plotxy documentation plotxy.doc in the Plotxy directory:

/usr/local/pmag1.0/Plotxy).

3) Programs read from standard input and write to standard output unless otherwise noted. This means that the typical syntax will be:

% program_name < input_file > output_file

The output from one program can be piped as input to another program.

Here follows a brief manual for using the programs in the pmag1.0 package. Refer to the examples in the book for further hints about how to use them.

arai

Usage: arai [-sf][min max field][Standard I/O]

Description: makes an Arai plot from input data.

Example 3.5

Options:
-s sets fit from [min] to [max]
-f sets lab field to [field] (in Tesla)
-d uses .dat file as input if [ta] = 0 (default) uses geographic (D_g,I_g) if [ta] = 1 uses tilt adjusted ( D_ta,I_ta)

-m uses .mag file as input

 Defaults:
finds optimum interval - beware

uses lab field of 40 microT

 Input options:

Default input:
Sample_name  treatment intensity D   I
[-m] option: .mag file
Sample_name treatment CSD intensity D I
.dat file
[-d] option:
Sample_name position treatment CSD intensity D_g I_g D_ta I_ta

treatment steps are coded as follows:
XXX.YY where XXX is the temperature and YY is as follows:
NRM data: .00
pTRM: .11
pTRM check: .12

Output: plotxy commands.

bootams

Usage: bootams [-pP] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates bootstrap eigenparameters from input file.

Example: 5.9

Options:

-p option specifies parametric (by sample) bootstrap
-P option specifies parametric (by site) bootstrap

s_1 s_2 s_3 s_4 s_5 s_6 sigma

Output: bootstrap error statistics:
tau_1 sigma D I eta D I zeta D I
tau_2 sigma D I eta D I zeta D I
tau_3 sigma D I eta D I zeta D I

bootdi

Usage: bootdi [-pPv] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates bootstrap statistics for input file.

Example: 4.9

Options:
-p option selects parametric bootstrap
-P works on principal eigenvectors
-v spits out bootstrapped eigenvectors

Defaults:
simple bootstrap works on Fisher meansInput:D I [kappa N]

Output:

Fisher statistics if Fisherian, otherwise bootstrap ellipses:
tau_1 D I eta D I zeta D I
tau_2 D I eta D I zeta D I
tau_3 D I eta D I zeta D I
or if -v selected, bootstrapped eigenvectors D I

bootstrap

Usage: bootstrap [-pb] [Nb] [Standard I/O]

Description: calcluates bootstrap statistics from input data.

Example: 4.8

Options:
-p plot a histogram
-b sets number of bootstraps [Nb](<10000)
Input: single column of numbers

Output:
if no plot, then: N, Nb, mean, bounds containing 95% of means if plot, then output is series of plotxy commands

Defaults:
no plot and nb=1000

cart_dir

Usage: cart_dir [Standard I/O]

Description: converts cartesian data to geomagnetic elements

Example: 1.2

Input: x₁ x₂ x₃

Output: D I magnitude

cart_hist

Usage: cart_hist [-dcbpr][dec inc][file1 file2][Standard I/O]

Description: makes histograms of cartesian coordinates of input.

Example: 4.11

Options:
-d compares with direction [dec inc]
-c compares two files [file1 file2]
-b plots confidence bounds
-p specifies parametric bootstrap
-r flips second mode for reversals test

 Input:D I [\kappa N]

Output is plotxy command file

Defaults:
standard input of single file no confidence bounds simple bootstrap no reversals test

curie

Usage: curie -[lspt] [smooth] [low hi step] [Tmin Tmax] [Standard I/O]

Description: analyzes curie temperature data.

Example: 2.2

Options:
-l smooth over [smooth] data points
NB: [smooth] must be an odd number
-s scan range of smoothing intervals [low] to [hi] using a spacing of [step] [low],[hi] and [step] must be odd
-p plot option on to generate Plotxy command file can be piped directly to plotxy and viewed:
curie -p < filename | plotxy; ghostview mypost
printed:
curie -p < filename | plotxy; lpr mypost
or saved to a file for modification:
curie -p < filename > eqarea.com

-t truncates to interval between [Tmin] and [Tmax] input: temperature,magnetization
Defaults: no smoothing plot option off uses entire record

di_geo

Usage: di_geo [Standard I/O]

Description: rotates directions from specimen to geographic coordinates.

Example: 3.2

Input: D I azimuth plunge

Output: D I (in geographic coordinates)

Notes: the azimuth and plunge are the declination and inclination of the arrow used for reference during the measurements.

dir_cart

Usage: dir_cart [-m] [Standard I/O]

Description: converts geomagnetic elements to cartesian coordinates.

Example 1.1

Option: -m read magnitude field

Input: D I [ magnitude]

Output:x₁ x₂,x₃

Notes: longitude, latitude can be substituted for D,I.

di_tilt

Usage: di_tilt [Standard I/O]

Description: rotates directions from geographic to tilt adjusted coordinates.

Example 3.2

Input: D I strike dip

Output: D I (in adjusted coordinates)

Notes: convention is that dip is to the ``right'' of strike.

di_vgp

Usage: di_vgp [Standard I/O]

Description: transforms declination/inclination to VGP.

Example 1.5

Input: D I site latitude (N), longitude (E)

Output: Pole Longitude Latitude

Notes: convention is positive: North, negative: South and positive: East, negative: West

eigs_s

Usage: eigs_s [Standard I/O]

Description: converts eigenparameters to .s format.

Example 5.2

Input:
tau₁ D_V1 I_V1
tau₂ D_V2 I_V2
tau₃ D_V3 I_V3

Output:I>s₁ s₂ s₃ s₄ s₅ s₆

Notes: tau₁ is the largest eigenvalue and V₁ is the associated eigenvector

eqarea

Usage: eqarea [Standard I/O]

Description: makes an equal area projection of input data.

Example 1.3

Input: D I

Output: plotxy commands

fishdmag

Usage: fishdmag [-f] [beg end ta] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates Fisher mean from specified portion of demagnetization data.

Example 4.3

Options:
-f Fisher mean from [beg] to [end] steps
-d uses .dat file as input

if [ta] = 0 (default), uses geographic (D_g I_g)

if [ta] = 1 uses tilt adjusted ( D_ta I_ta)

-m uses .mag file as input where [beg] and [end] are the number of the treatment (i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd).

Input:

default:
sample_name treatment intensity D I
-m .mag file option:
sample_name treatment CSD intensity D I
-d dat file option:
sample_name treatment CSD intensity D_g I_g D_ta I_ta)

Output: sample_name f n beg end a95 D I

fisher

Usage: fisher -kns [kappa] [N] [seed] [Standard I/O]

Description: generates set of Fisher distribed data from specified distribution.

Example 4.1

Options:
-k specifies \kappa as [kappa]
-n specifies number as [N]
-s specifies random seed (non-zero integer) as [seed]

Defaults:
k = 30
N = 100
seed = 1200

fishqq

Usage: fishqq [Standard I/O]

Description: plots Q-Q diagram for input against Fisher distribution.

Example 4.5

Input: D I

Output: plotxy commands

fishrot

Usage: fishrot -kndis [kappa] [N][dec][inc][seed] [Standard I/O]

Description: draws a Fisher distribution with mean of [dec] [inc] and [kappa], [N], using random seed [seed].

Example 4.4

Options:
-k specifies kappa as [kappa]
-n specifies number as [N]
-d specifies D as [dec]
-i specifies I as [inc]
-s specifies [seed] for random number generator (non-zero)

 Defaults:
kappa= 30
N = 100
D = 0
I = 90

foldtest

Usage: foldtest [-p] [Standard I/O]

Description: performs bootstrap fold test.

Example 4.13

Options:
-p option selects parametric bootstrap

 Input: D I strike dip [kappa N]

Output: plotxy commands

Notes: unfolding curve of data is solid line, pseudo samples are dashed histogram is fraction of \tau maxima. Also, dip is to the ``right'' of strike.

gauss

Usage: gauss -msni [mean] [sigma] [N] [seed] [Standard I/O]

Description: draws a set of Gaussian distributed data from specified distribution.

Example 4.6

Options:
-m sets the mean to [mean]
-s sets the standard deviation to [sigma]
-n sets the number of points to [N]
-i sets integer random seed to [seed]

 Defaults:
[mean] is 1
[sigma] is .5
[N] is 100

gofish

Usage: gofish [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates Fisher statistics from input file.

Example 4.2
Input: D I

Output:
mean D mean I N R k a95

goprinc

Usage: goprinc [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates principal component from input data.

Example: 4.2

Example 4.2

Input: D I

Output: D I N tau_1 of the principal component

gtcirc
Usage gtcirc [-g] [beg end ta] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates best-fit plane through specified input data.

Example 3.3

Options:
-g best-fit great circle (plane) from [beg] to [end] steps [beg] and [end] are the numbers of the treatment step. For example the NRM step is [1], the second step is [2], etc.
-d uses .dat file as input if [ta]=0 (default), uses geographic (D_g, I_g) if [ta] = 1 uses tilt adjusted ( D_ta, I_ta)
-m uses .mag file as input

Input options:
Default input: Sample_name treatment intensity D I
-m .mag file option:
Sample_name treatment CSD intensity D I
-d .dat file option:
Sample_name treatment CSD intensity D_g, I_g, D_ta, I_ta
Default is to do whole file
Output:
sample_name g N beg end MAD D I

where D and I are for the pole to the best-fit plane and [beg] and [end] are the numbers of the treatment step.

histplot

Usage: histplot [-lb] [bin] [Standard I/O]

Description: creates a histogram of input data.

Example 4.6
Options:
-l plots the distributions of logs
-b sets bin size to [bin]
Input: single column of data

Output: Plotxy commands

Defaults:
not logs auto binning

hystcrunch
Usage: hystcrunch -[mptl] [trunc_deg] [label] [Standard I/O]

Description: plots hysteresis loop data and massages them.

Example 2.3

Options:
-m Micromag data file
-p do not plot
-a do not adjust slope
-t truncate to trunc_deg harmonics
-l label plot with label

Defaults:
- xy data file
- retain 99 terms of FFT
- adjust for high field slope
- no plot label
- generate plotxy commands

igrf

Usage: igrf [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates reference field vector at specified location and time uses appropriate IGRF or DGRF for date > 1945.

Example: 1.4

Example 1.4

Input: decimal year, altitude (km), latitude (13 N), longitude (13 E)

Output: D I B (nT)

incfish

Usage: incfish [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates an estimated inclination, assuming a Fisher distribution, for data with only inclinations. Uses the method of McFadden and Reid [1982].

Example 4.4

Input: inclinations

Output: <I>, upper and lower bounds, N, estimated and a95.

jackstrat

Usage: jackstrat Standard I/O
Description: calculates magnetostratigraphic jackknife parameter J.

Example 6.1
Input: VGP latitudes or inclinations in stratigraphic order
Output: plotxy commands

k15_hext

Usage: k15_hext [-tga] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates Hext statistics from 15 measurements uses Jelinek's 15 measurement scheme.

Example 5.5 and Example 5.6
-a average whole file
-g geographic coordinates
-t geographic tilt coordinates

Default: average by sample

Input: 1 line with sample_name [azimuth plunge strike dip] followed by 3 rows of 5 measurements for each specimen in the following order (see Chapter 5):
 K₁,K₂,K₃,K₄,K₅ K₆,K₇,K₈,K₉,K₁₀ K₁₁,K₁₂,K₁₃,K₁₄,K₁₅

Output: Hext statistics
[if individual samples, id and bulk chi]
 F, F₁₂, F₂₃
tau₁ D I epsilon₁₂ D I epsilon₁₃ D I
tau₂ D I epsilon₂₁ D I epsilon₂₃ D I
tau₃ D I epsilon₃₂ D I epsilon₃₁ D I

k15_s

Usage: k15_s [-gt] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates s from 15 measurements scheme (K_i) (see Chapter 5).

Example 5.4

Options:
-g geographic rotation
-t geographic AND tectonic rotation

Input: (see k15_hext)

Output:
s₁ s₂ s₃ s₄ s₅ s₆

lnp

Usage: lnp [-f] [infile] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates Fisher mean from combined directed lines and great circles using the method of McFadden and McElhinny [1988].

Example 4.3
Options:
-f calculates mean from data in [infile], one site at a time

Input: output file from pca, gtcirc, fishdmag programs, i.e.
sample_name [fpg] n beg end [a95 mad] dec inc
sample_ name convention:
ABC123D[1] where ABC is a study designator of letters (any length) 123 is the site number (any length) D is a (single) letter for each separately oriented sample [1] is an optional (single digit) specimen number

Default: assumes whole file is one site.

Output:
site NL NG a95 D I
where NL is the number of directed lines where NG is the number of great circles

mag_dat

Usage: mag_dat -n nfofile [Standard I/O]

Description: converts magnetometer data file to format with geographic and tilt adjusted coordinates. Also pastes in stratigraphic position data. Uses .nfo files made by mk_nfo.

Example 6.4

Input:

magnetometer data (.mag file format):

sample[optional specimen_number] treatment CSD intensity D I

(.nfofile format):

sample_name position sampling_convention NBaz NBpl LABaz LABpl NBstr strike dip
Output:

(.dat file foramt)

sample_name position treatment CSD intensity D_g, I_g, D_ta, I_ta

where D_g and I_g are D,I in geographic coordinates and D_ta and I_ta are D,I in tilt adjusted coordinates.

mk_nfo

Usage: mk_nfo [-HbBDstfk][strike dip][magdec][lat. long. delta T][cpsdu][az_add az_mult pl_add pl_mult][basename][keyboard input]

Description: makes a information file(s) for conversion of data into geographic, tectonic and stratigraphic references.

Example 6.3

Options:
-H stratigraphic position data
-b structural strike/dip for each sample
-B structural for entire suite read as [strike dip]
-D add [magdec] to all declination/strike info
-s sun compass data using [lat. long. dT] lat/long of study area and dT is time difference from GMT
-t type of conversion from notebook azimuth (= NBaz)/ notebook plunge (= NBpl) to lab azimuth (= LABaz)/ lab plunge (= LABpl) [c]ube: NBaz/NBpl are strike and dip on face perpendicular to face with lab arrow LABaz=NBaz-90, LABpl=NBpl-90 [p]omeroy orientation device: NBaz/NBpl are direction of drill and angle from vertical LABaz=NBaz, LABpl=-NBpl [s]trike/dip: NBaz/NBpl are strike and dip on face with lab arrow LABaz=NBaz+90, LABpl=NBpl [d]rill direction/dip: NBaz/NBpl are direction of drill (az/pl) in plane perpendicular to face with lab arrow LABaz=NBaz, LABpl=NBpl-90 [u]ser defined conversion input [az_add az_mult pl_add pl_mult] to specify affine for NBaz/NBpl to LABaz/LABpl e.g. for [p] above, az_add=0, az_mult=1 pl_add=-90, az_mult=-1
-f output file specified as [basename] ouput file will be appended to basename.nfo and if sun compass data calculated, basename.snfo too
-k input from keyboard with prompts <cntl-D>. to quit. Input: sample,NBaz,NBpl [pos][strike dip][yyyymmdd hhmm shadow] Output: sample, pos, type, NBaz,NBpl,LABaz,LABpl,NBstr,strike,dip

Defaults: read/write from Standard I/O input only: sample, NBaz,NBpl no declination adjustment LABaz=NBaz; LABpl=NBpl

pca

Usage: pca [-pmd] [beg end][ta] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates best-fit line through specified input data.

Example 3.3

Options:
-p PCA from [beg] to [end] steps [beg] and [end] are the numbers of the treatment step. For example the NRM step is [1], the second step is [2], etc.
-d uses .dat file as input if[ta]=0 (default), uses geographic (D_g, I_g) if [ta] = 1 uses tilt adjusted ( D_ta, I_ta)
-m uses .mag file as input:

Input options:
Default: Sample_name treatment D I
-m .mag file option:
Sample_name treatment CSD D I
-d .dat file option:
Sample_name position treatment CSD, D_g, I_g, D_ta, I_ta

Output:
sample_name p N beg end MAD D I
where D and I are for the princinpal component.

plotams

Usage: plotams [-BpPvxjn] [name] [Standard I/O]

Description: plots AMS data from s data

Example 5.10

Options:
-B do not plot simple bootstrap ellipses
-p plot parametric (sample) bootstrap ellipses
-P plot parametric (site) bootstrap ellipses
-v plot bootstrap eigenvectors - not ellipses
-x plot Hext [1963] ellipses
-j plot Jelinek [1978] ellipses
-n use [name] as plot label

Default: plot only the simple bootstrap

Input: s₁ s₂s₃s₄s₅s₆ [sigma]

Output: plotxy commands

plotdi

Usage: plotdi [-pPv] [Standard I/O]

Description: makes equal area plot of input data, with uncertainties.

Example 4.10

Options:
-p parametric bootstrap
-P works on principal eigenvector
-v plots bootstrapped eigenvectors

Defaults: simple bootstrap works on Fisher means plots estimated 95% conf. ellipses

Input: D,I, [,k, N]

Output: plotxy commands

plotdike

Usage: plotdike [-BpPvn] [name] [Standard I/O]

Description: plots AMS data in a sepate directory for a particular dike.

Example 6.5

-B DONT plot simple bootstrap ellipses
-p plot parametric (sample) ellipses
-P plot parametric (site) ellipses
-v plot bootstrap eigenvectors
-n use [name] as plot label

Input: -one or both files called: e.s and w.s containing:
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 [ sigma] for the nominal east and west margins respectively
- a file called dike.dd containing one or more measurements of the dip direction and dip of the dike

-optional files:
struct.dat: contains first and second tectonic corrections as strike and dips
lin.di: contains dec,inc of lineation data

Output:
plotxy commands and a files:
fort.20 is summary file

Default: plot only the simple bootstrap confidence ellipses

plotdmag

Usage: plotdmag [-pgfrmd] [beg end][D][ta][Standard I/O]

Description: makes orthogonal and equal area projections of input demagnetization data.

Example 3.3

Options:
-p PCA from [beg] to [end] steps
-g gtcirc from [beg] to [end] steps
-f fisher mean from [beg] to [end] steps
-r plot horizontal axis = [D] degrees

 Defaults:
North on horizontal ([D] = 0) no PCA, gtcircle, or fisher calculations

Input options:

Default:
Sample_name treatment D I
-m .mag file option:
Sample_name treatment CSD D I
-d dat file option:
Sample_name position treatment CSD D_g I_g D_ta I_ta

Output: plotxy commands

Notes: select either p, f OR g

qqplot

Usage: qqplot [Standard I/O]

Description: plots data against Normal Quantile

Example 4.7

Input: single column of data

Output: plotxy commands

Notes: On the plot, there are these parameters:
N: the number of data points mean: the Gaussian mean sigma: the standard deviation D: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov D-statistic D_c: the critical value given N at 95% confidence (if D>D_c, distribution not Gaussian at 95% confidence)

s_eigs

Usage: s_eigs [Standard I/O]

Description: converts s format data to eigenparameters.

Example 5.1

Input: s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆

Output:
tau₁ D_V1 I_V1
tau₂ D_V2 I_V2
tau₃ D_V3 I_V3
Notes:D_V, I_V are the directions of the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues, tau.

s_flinn

Usage: s_flinn [-pl] [Standard I/O]

Description: plots Flinn diagram of input s data.

Example 5.13

Options:
-p parametric bootstrap
-l plots L' versus F'

 Input: s₁ s₂ s₃ s₄ s₅ s₆ [sigma]

Output: plotxy commands

s_geo

Usage: s_geo [Standard I/O]

Description: rotates s data to geographic coordinates

Example 5.3

Input: s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆, azimuth, plunge

Output: s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆ rotated to geographic coordinates

s_hext

Usage: s_hext [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates Hext statistics from input s data.

Example 5.7

Input: s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆

Output: Hext statistics
F F₁₂ F₂₃, sigma
tau₁ D I epsilon₁₂ D I epsilon₁₃ D I
tau₂ D I epsilon₂₂ D I epsilon₂₃ D I
tau₃ D I epsilon₃₂ D I epsilon₃₃ D I

s_hist

Usage: s_hist [-cbpP123t][file1 file2][standard I/O]

Description: plots histograms of bootstrapped eigenparameters of s data.

Example 5.11

Options:
-c compares [file1] and [file2]
-b plot 95% confidence bounds
-p sample parametric bootstrap
-P Site parametric bootstrap
-1 plots principal eigenvector
-2 plots major eigenvector
-3 plots minor eigenvector
-t plots eigenvalues

 Defaults:
simple bootstrap all eigenparameters no confidence limits

 Input: s₁ s₂ s₃ s₄ s₅ s₆ [sigma]

Output: plotxy command for histograms of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of bootstrap samples

s_jel78

Usage: s_jel78 [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates Jelinek (1978) statistics from s data.

Example 5.8

Input: s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆

Output: Jelinek statistics
tau₁ D I epsilon₁₂ D I epsilon₁₃ D I
tau₂ D I epsilon₂₂ D I epsilon₂₃ D I
tau₃ D I epsilon₃₂ D I epsilon₃₃ D I

s_pt

Usage: s_pt [-p] [Standard I/O]

Description: makes a Jelinek plot of input s data.

Example 5.13

Options: -p parametric bootstrap

Input: s₁ s₂ s₃ s₄ s₅ s₆ [sigma]

Output: plotxy commands for P' versus T diagram

s_tern

Usage: s_tern [-p][Standard I/O]

Description: makes a Ternary projection of input s data.

Example: See Chapter 5

Options: -p parametric bootstrap

Input: s₁ s₂ s₃ s₄ s₅ s₆

Output: plotxy command file of ternary diagram

Notes: triangles are data, dots are bootstrapped means

s_tilt

Usage: s_tilt [Standard I/O]

Description: rotates s data into tilt adjusted coordinates

Example 5.3

Input:

 s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆, strike, dip

Output:

 s₁,s₂,s₃,s₄,s₅,s₆ [in tilt adjusted coordinates]

splint

Usage: splint [-i] [interval] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates spline interpolation of input.

Option: -i uses interpolation interval [interval]

Default: [interval] = 1

Input: x,y, data with monotonic increasing x

Output: interpolated x,y

stats

Usage: stats [standard I/O]

Description: calculates Gauss statistics for input data

Example 4.6

Input: single column of numbers

Output: N, mean, sum, sigma, (%) , stderr, 95% conf.

Notes: sigma is the standard deviation % is sigma as percentage of the mean stderr is the standard error and 95% conf.= 1.96 43#43

sundec

Usage: sundec [-u] [delta T] [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates declination from sun compass measurements.

Example 3.1

Options: -u sets the time difference [delta T] in hours from universal time (e.g. -5 for EST)

Input: latitude, longitude, year, month, day, hours, minutes, shadow angle

Output: D

Notes: positive: North, East; negative: South, West

vgp_di

Usage: vgp_di [Standard I/O]

Description: transforms VGP to equivalent D, I

Example 1.6

Input: pole latitude, longitude, site latitude, longitude.

Output: D, I

Notes: convention is positive: North, negative: South and positive: East, negative: West

vspec

Usage: vspec [Standard I/O]

Description: calculates a vector average for multiple measurements of a single specimen at a single treatment step.

Example 6.2

Input: (.mag file format)
sample_name treatment CSD intensity D I

Output: sample_name treatment CSD/R* intensity D I

Unique specimen/treatment data are simply copied. R* is the vector resultant (including intensity) over the sum of all intensities and ranges from 0 to 1.