gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.wcd:SH1707_EK80
eng; USA
utf8
series
Water Column Sonar Series-Level Metadata
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
NCEI Contact Information
Information for contacts at NCEI.
information
pointOfContact
2020-05-04
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
curve
39474
World Geodetic System 1984
WGS 84
2007-08-27
revision
https://epsg.org/crs_4326/WGS-84.html
WGS 84
GML of World Geodetic System 1984 coordinate reference system.
information
resourceProvider
European Petroleum Survey Group
https://epsg.org/home.html
European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry
Registry that accesses the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, which is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations.
search
publisher
urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326
Vertical Datum: Unknown
Vertical Datum: Unknown
Water Column Sonar Data Collection (SH1707, EK80)
2017-06-15
creation
2017-12-31
publication
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
SH1707_EK80
International DOI Foundation (IDF)
doi:10.7289/V5DF6PKG
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
NCEI Metadata ID:gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.wcd:SH1707_EK80
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
custodian
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
publisher
Lawrence C. Hufnagle, Jr.
NWFSC
Supervisory Physical Scientist
206-860-3346
2725 Montlake Blvd. E.
Seattle
WA
98112
USA
lawrence.c.hufnagle@noaa.gov
principalInvestigator
Rebecca Thomas
NWFSC
Research Biological Scientist
206-302-2412
2715 Montlake Blvd. E.
Seattle
WA
98112
USA
rebecca.thomas@noaa.gov
principalInvestigator
Julia Getsiv-Clemons
NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC
Oceanographer
541-867-0539
2032 SE OSU Drive
Newport
OR
97365
USA
julia.clemons@noaa.gov
principalInvestigator
DOC/NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC > Northwest Fisheries Science Center
206-860-3200
2725 Montlake Boulevard East
Seattle
WA
98112
USA
author
Our objectives are to:
▪ Conduct acoustic and trawl operations in daytime hours (i.e., between sunrise and sunset) to estimate the distribution and abundance of Pacific hake.
▪ Collect multi-frequency acoustic backscatter data using the ship’s Simrad EK60 scientific echosounders (18, 38, and 120 kHz) system in daytime hours. Collect broadband acoustic data with Simrad EK80 broadband echosounders operating at central frequencies of 70 and 200 kHz. Collectively, the acoustic data will be used to characterize the distributions and abundances of hake, myctophids, gelatinous zooplankton, and krill. The use of the EK80s will require temporary modification to the ship’s EK60 set-up (see section II.C.a.v).
i.Collect acoustic data along pre-planned transects along the coast (hereafter “transects”).
▪ Conduct daytime trawling to classify observed backscatter layers to verify hake aggregations and obtain specimens for biological data (length, sex, maturity, age, ovaries, diet, genetics, etc.). We request to have at least two experienced fishing officers on board at all times for all five legs.
i. Trawling operations will be the primary method for interpreting the acoustic data. We will sample midwater and near-bottom echosign using an Aleutian Wing Trawl 24/20 (AWT). Trawl gear performance will be monitored during sampling for depth, net opening, and other parameters on the AWT with a Simrad ITI Trawl Eye and a Simrad FS-70 third wire Netsounder. We will also deploy temperature-depth recorders on the trawls, which we will supply.
ii. Record data from shipboard net mensuration gear to evaluate trawl performance.
▪ Conduct IVC Transects: Conduct an Inter-Vessel Calibration (IVC) between the NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada and the Canadian’s charter vessel Nordic Pearl to compare acoustic and fishing results of Pacific hake. The IVC is critical to ensure consistent data quality of the ongoing Joint US-Canada Pacific Hake Integrated Acoustic Trawl Survey, as the Canadian vessel W.E. Ricker was decommissioned and the Nordic Pearl will be filling its place this Summer.
▪ Use a portable x-ray system (Appendices 5 and 6) to take radiographic images of fish swimbladders
▪ Optically verify the presence of non-hake scatterers during trawling using a video camera and light(s) attached to the upper panel of the midwater trawl approximately 10-20 meters forward of the codend.
▪ Conduct vertical ring net zooplankton tows at pre-planned stations along transects (Appendix 2, Table 2) during daytime operations on a subset of six transects total for the survey area. These data will be used to describe the summer distribution of zooplankton species.
▪ Conduct vertical casts with the ship’s CTD rosette, outfitted with (2) temperature sensors, (2) conductivity sensors, (2) dissolved oxygen sensors, (1) fluorometer, and (1) altimeter. These casts will be conducted at pre-planned stations along transects (Appendix 2, Table 3) primarily at night. These data will be used in combination with acoustic backscatter data, to describe the vertical and horizontal distributions of hake relative to oceanographic conditions.
▪ Optically sample the watercolumn zooplankton assemblage using a Video Plankton Recorder (VPR). The VPR will be mounted on the CTD rosette in the place of three Niskin bottles, and will be deployed on each CTD cast. The VPR’s data will be used to evaluate the instrument’s sampling effectiveness relative to vertical ring net zooplankton tows, and will also serve as a zooplankton sampler for those CTD casts not matched with vertical zooplankton tows.
▪ Conduct underway CTD (uCTD) casts at pre-planned stations along transects (Appendix 2, Table 4). These data will be used to supplement oceanographic information obtained from the CTD rosettes and will contribute to the description of hake distribution relative to ocean conditions
▪ Continuously collect Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data along transects. These data will be used to describe the distribution of hake relative to currents.
▪ Conduct daytime Methot net tows to verify the identity of acoustic targets suspected to be euphausiids and obtain specimens for species identification and length.
▪ Continuously sample sea-surface temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a using the ship’s thermosalinograph and flow-through fluorometer. These data will be used to estimate the physical oceanographic habitats for hake.
▪ Continuously sample air temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed and direction using the ship’s integrated weather station.
▪ Collect broadband acoustic data with EK80 echosounders operating at central frequencies of 70 and 200 kHz.
▪ All transect waypoints, CTD rosette, underway CTD and Zooplankton station locations will be provided to the navigational officer in Nobeltec format prior to the start of the survey.
The primary goal of the joint survey is to estimate the biomass, distribution, and biological composition of Pacific hake using data from an integrated acoustic and trawl survey off the west coasts of the U.S. and Canada from approximately Point Conception (lat 34.5’N) to Dixon Entrance, Alaska.
completed
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
NCEI Contact Information
Information for contacts at NCEI.
information
pointOfContact
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Water Column Sonar Data Manager
(303) 497-4742
325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42
Boulder
CO
80305-3328
USA
wcd.info@noaa.gov
pointOfContact
notPlanned
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Acoustics > Acoustic Scattering
Earth Science > Oceans > Aquatic Sciences > Fisheries
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Acoustics
Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Pelagic
Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems
Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Benthic
Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Aquatic Ecosystems
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry
Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Seafloor Topography
theme
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
2020-01-09
publication
9.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
information
custodian
North Pacific Ocean
place
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23)
2010-08-24
revision
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23)
https://iho.int/
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Sea Area ("Limits of Oceans and Seas" publication S-23)
Publication of Sea Areas is maintained by IHO.
information
resourceProvider
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
dataCentre
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
2020-01-09
publication
9.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
information
custodian
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC/NOAA/NMFS > National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
dataCenter
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
2020-01-09
publication
9.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
information
custodian
Vertical Location > Water Column
place
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
2020-01-09
publication
9.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
information
custodian
In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Profilers/Sounders > Acoustic Sounders > WCMS > Water Column Mapping System
instrument
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
2020-01-09
publication
9.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords
The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.
information
custodian
otherRestrictions
Cite as: Northwest Fisheries Science Center. 2017. Water Column Sonar Data Collection (SH1707, EK80). National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5DF6PKG [access date]
otherRestrictions
Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
otherRestrictions
Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
These data are considered raw and have not been subjected to the NOAA's quality control or quality assurance procedures. They are released for limited public use as preliminary data to be used only with appropriate caution. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
Not subject to copyright protection within the United States.
otherRestrictions
Resource may not be available for up to one year after initial collection.
SH1707
largerWorkCitation
operation
eng; USA
oceans
geoscientificInformation
-134.51089
0.0
0.0
54.83123
2017-06-15T00:31:35
2017-09-13T18:38:44
Trackline
physicalMeasurement
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
NCEI Contact Information
Information for contacts at NCEI.
information
distributor
Free
Contact the NCEI Water Column Sonar Data Manager to order data.
Simrad EK80 raw (.raw) format
1
Kongsberg/Simrad .raw files are generated by ME70, EK60 or ES60 instruments. They contain power and optionally angular position data with each beam/frequency identified by an independent channel. See the Simrad interface specification manual for further information. The .wcd files are generated by Kongsberg EM302 or EM122 instruments. See Kongsberg documentation for more information.
http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/water_column_sonar/
HTTPS
Water Column Sonar Data Map Viewer
Interactive map viewer to allow discovery and access to water column sonar data
search
https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/wcd/
HTTPS
Water Column Sonar Data Archive Homepage
Web page containing information on the water column sonar data archive.
information
collectionHardware
Off Newport, OR
-124.4344 44.6671
2017-06-19
Instrument calibration information
Calibrated w/ calibration data
series
Horizontal Positional Accuracy
Positional accuracy dependent on navigation GPS, ship motion correction, and sound velocity profile accuracy.
true
Vertical Positional Accuracy
Vertical accuracy is dependent on navigation GPS and ship motion corrections.
true
Raw unprocessed data files
2017-06-15T00:31:35
Lawrence C. Hufnagle, Jr.
NWFSC
Supervisory Physical Scientist
206-860-3346
2725 Montlake Blvd. E.
Seattle
WA
98112
USA
lawrence.c.hufnagle@noaa.gov
principalInvestigator
series
EK60 used three Simrad split-beam transducers, operating at 18, 38, and 120 kHz. The Simrad EK80 broadband echo sounder used 70- and 200-kHz transducers.
Simrad EK80 Echosounder
EK80
Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS
https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/ocean-science/ocean-science/es_scientific/ek80software/
Simrad Ek80 information web page
Page contains general information on the Ek80 and has links to details on operation and file formats
information
resourceProvider
Simrad EK80
echosounder
The Simrad EK80 is the most modern "high end" split beam scientific echo sounder in the fishery scientific market. Based on more than 60 years of research and development in close collaboration with leading marine scientists this wide band echo sounder system has succeeded the famous EK60, which became an international standard for fish stock assessment. The Simrad EK80 can operate a large number of frequencies simultaneously ranging from 10 to 500 kHz. A wide selection of high quality accurate transducers is available.
SH1707_EK80
completed
NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada (R227)
Bell M. Shimada (SH)
The fourth vessel of its kind, Bell M. Shimada offers fisheries scientists the ability to monitor fish populations without altering their behavior, allowing them to collect data with unprecedented accuracy. With better data, biologists and oceanographers can help managers make better management decisions. In the Pacific, Bell M. Shimada will help scientists gain valuable insight into the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, a globallyâÂÂsignificant natural resource that stretches from Baja California to British Columbia. Two scientists at the Center recently described some of the way in which this vessel will enhance existing or open opportunities for new research projects.
DOC/NOAA/OMAO/MOC-A > Marine Operations Center - Atlantic, NOAA Marine Operations, NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
757-441-6495
NOAA/OMAO/MOC-A
439 West York Street
Norfolk
VA
23510-1145
USA
David.A.Score@noaa.gov
http://www.moc.noaa.gov/MOC-A/index.html
Marine Operations Center - Atlantic
NOAA Marine Operations Center-Atlantic (MOC-A) serves as a homeport for one NOAA survey ship and provides administrative, engineering, maintenance and logistical support to NOAA's Atlantic fleet.
information
pointOfContact
NOAA NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center
305-361-4200
75 Virginia Beach Dr.
Miami
FL
33149
USA
pointOfContact
Simrad ME70 Echosounder
ME70
Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS
+47 3303 4000
(Norway)
+47 3304 2987
(Norway)
P.O. Box 111
Strandpromenaden
50
Horten
3191
Norway
contact@simrad.com
http://www.simrad.com/www/01/nokbg0240.nsf/AllWeb/96CD4279D3997892C125719A003A3862?OpenDocument
ME70 documentation
Information on the Simrad ME70 inculding file format information
information
resourceProvider
Simrad ME70
multibeam
The Simrad ME70 is a high resolution scientific multibeam echo sounder
with very low sidelobe levels. It is dedicated for collection of data in the water
column. The multibeam echo sounder combines the large and flexible sampling volume of
the multibeam swath with the accuracy of the quantitative scientific echo sounder. A
bathymetric option is also available to provide a high resolution seabed mapping
capability, and the possibility to study the fish habitat.
Simrad EK60 Echosounder
EK60
Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS
+47 3303 4000 (Norway)
+47 3304 2987 (Norway)
P.O. Box 111
Strandpromenaden 50
Horten
3191
Norway
contact@simrad.com
http://www.simrad.com/www/01/nokbg0240.nsf/AllWeb/A25148D8E9F00D0DC12570DE0050A7CB?OpenDocument
Simrad EK60 Scientific echo sounder
Information on the Simrad EK60 including file format documentation.
information
resourceProvider
Simrad EK60
singlebeam
The Simrad EK60 Scientific Sounder system is a new generation fishery researchtool, based on experience from the EK500. The new electronic hardware is combined with up to date PC processing and Windows operation. The EK60 provides facilities for accurate echo sounding, data storage, data analysis and reporting results. The system communication is through Ethernet, which gives flexibility in the location of the EK60 system units and allows easy access to data from other instruments or stations on a vessel network. A post processing software, BI60, is also included in the EK60 system.
Simrad ES60 Echosounder
ES60
Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS
+47 3303 4000 (Norway)
+47 3304 2987 (Norway)
P.O. Box 111
Strandpromenaden 50
Horten
3191
Norway
contact@simrad.com
https://www.simrad.online/ek60/ref_english/default.htm
Simrad EK60 information
Information on the Simrad ES60 including file format documentation.
information
resourceProvider
Simrad ES60
singlebeam
The Simrad ES60 is an echo sounder capable of single, dual or split beam configurations. It is designed as a professional fish finder for fishing vessels and for fisheries surveys onboard research vessels. It can operate four echo sounder frequencies simultaneously ranging from 12 to 200 kHz, which allows it to both locate and identify separate fish species. Real time echo integration and target strength analysis in an unlimited number of layers is provided as well as storage of raw data for replay or analysis in post-processing software packages.
Furuno FE700 Echosounder
Furuno FE700
Furuno U.S.A., Inc.
360-834-9300
360-834-9400
4400 N.W. Pacific Rim Boulevard
Camas
WA
98607
USA
http://www.furunousa.com/products/productdetail.aspx?product=FE700&category=Products+%3A+Depth+%26+Fish+Finders+%3A+IMO+Echo+Sounders
Furuno FE700 documentation
Information on the Furuno FE700
information
resourceProvider
Furuno FE700
Position
The FE-700 is a result of over 50 years of Furuno's vast range of experience and advanced microelectronics technology fields in developing echo sounders, sonars, and underwater application equipment and systems. This echo sounder is a breakthrough over the conventional paper eating sounders; there are no consumable items. The purpose of the echo sounder is to provide safe navigation by detecting the clearance below the ship (particularly in shallow waters) as required on the SOLAS Convention ships by the new IMO standards.
Sea-Bird SBE 9
Sea-Bird SBE 9
Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
425-643-9866
425-643-9954
13431 NE 20th Street
Bellevue
WA
98005
USA
seabird@seabird.com
http://www.comm-tec.com/prods/mfgs/SBE/manuals_pdf/SBE9PLUS_005.pdf
Sea-Bird SBE 9 documentation
Information on the Sea-Bird SBE 9
information
resourceProvider
Sea-Bird SBE 9
ctd
Applanix POS/MV 320
POS/MV 320
Applanix Corporation
289-695-6000
905-709-6027
85 Leek Crescent
Richmond Hill
Ontario
L4B3B3
Canada
marine@applanix.com
http://www.applanix.com/products/marine.html
POS/MV 320
POS/MV 320 information
information
resourceProvider
POS/MV 320
Attitude, Heading, Heave, Position, Velocity
POS MV 320 is a tightly-coupled systems using Applanix' unique approach to Inertially-Aided Real-Time Kinematic (IARTK) technology. The user-friendly, turnkey system provides accurate attitude, heading, heave, position, and velocity data, representing the latest in state-of-the-art inertial/GPS technology. The system maintains positioning accuracy under the most demanding conditions, regardless of vessel dynamics..
Eppley Precision Infrared Radiometer
Eppley PIR
The Eppley Laboratory, Inc.
401-847-1020
401-847-1031
12 Sheffield Avenue
P.O. Box 419
Newport
RI
02840
USA
info@eppleylab.com
http://www.eppleylab.com/instrumentation/precision_infrared_radiometer.htm
Eppley PIR
Eppley PIR information
information
resourceProvider
Eppley PIR
Terrestrial Radiation
The Precision Infrared Radiometer, Pyrgeometer, is intended for unidirectional operation in the measurement, separately, of incoming or outgoing terrestrial radiation as distinct from net long-wave flux.
Sea-Bird Electronics SeaCat 21 Thermosalinograph Sensor
SBE SeaCat 21
Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.
425-643-9866
425-643-9954
13431 NE 20th Street
Bellevue
WA
98005
USA
seabird@seabird.com
resourceProvider
SBE SeaCat 21
thermosalinograph
The SBE 21 accurately determines sea surface temperature and conductivity from underway vessels. Data is simultaneously stored in memory and transmitted to a computer serial port, allowing independent data logging and real-time data acquisition. Typically mounted near the ship's seawater intake, the SBE 21 is connected to an AC-powered interface box positioned near the computer. The interface box provides power and an isolated data interface, and contains a NMEA 0183 port for appending navigation information to the data stream.
RM Young 61202V
RM Young 61202V
R.M. Young Company
http://www.youngusa.com/products/3/
RM Young 61202V
RM Young 61202V information
information
resourceProvider
RM Young 61202V
Barometric Pressure
The Model 61202V Barometric Pressure Sensor offers unparalleled performance and flexibility for atmospheric pressure measurement.
RM Young 41382VC Relative Humidity/Air Temperature Sensor
RM Young 41382VC
R.M. Young Company
231-946-3980
231-946-4772
2801 Aero Park Drive
Traverse City
MI
49686
USA
met.sales@youngusa.com
http://www.youngusa.com/products/2/15.html
RM Young 41382VC Relative Humidity/Air Temperature Sensor
RM Young 41382VC Relative Humidity/Air Temperature Sensor information
information
resourceProvider
RM Young 41382VC
Air Temperature
The Model 41382 Relative Humidity/Temperature Probe combines a high accuracy, capacitance type humidity sensor and precision Platinum RTD temperature sensor in one probe. This probe offers a choice of 0-1 VDC or 4-20 mA outputs for T and RH.
RM Young 05106 Wind Sensor
RM Young 05106
R.M. Young Company
http://www.youngusa.com/products/11/8.html
RM Young 05106
RM Young 05106 information
information
resourceProvider
RM Young 05106
Wind Speed and Direction
The Wind Monitor MA is an accurate and reliable wind sensor specifically designed for the rigors of the marine environment.The wind speed sensor is a four blade helicoid propeller. Unique transducer produces a pulse signal without electrical contacts or slip rings. The wind direction sensor is a durable molded vane. Vane angle is sensed by a precision potentiometer housed in a sealed chamber. All materials are carefully selected for corrosion resistance and maximum durability in the harsh marine environment. Ceramic bearings are used throughout. The instrument mounts on standard 1 inch pipe. Separate signal conditioning circuits are available to provide voltage or current signals when needed. Each is supplied in a weatherproof junction box with mounting hardware.