Metadata Identifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.hazards:18830827marigram

Aggregation Info | Bands | Citations | Constraints | Coverage Descriptions | Dimensions | Extents | Formats | Geographic Bounding Box
Georectified Information | Georeferenceable Information | Identifiers | Instruments | Mediums | OnlineResources | Operations
Platforms | Process Steps | Range Elements | Reference Systems | Responsible Parties | Series | Sources | Spatial Grids | Temporal Extents

MD_DataIdentification

Count Component Title Abstract
1 Archival and Discovery of August 27, 1883 Tsunami Event on Marigrams NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information have more than 3,000 tsunami marigram (tide gauge) records in both image and paper format. The majority of these tsunami marigram records were scanned to high-resolution digital tiff images during the NOAA Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP). There still remain shelves full of deteriorating paper records that are in need of rescue reformatting to scanned images before they are lost. As a follow-up to a successful 2016 BEDI project resulting in the archival and discovery of data held on marigrams during four large tsunamis (1946, 1952, 1960, 1964), marigrams from five additional tsunami events in 1854, 1883, 1896, 1933, and 1968 have been digitized. These additional five tsunami events were generated in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans and are rarely cited in research due to lack of data access. The five tsunami events proposed here for reformat, archive, and discovery in 2017 reside only on these same paper marigram records. Each of these datasets are of great importance as very little digital data exists from tsunamis that occurred during this time period, particularly those prior to the turn of the 20th Century. These events are not only historically important but with new research into tsunami probabilities, are statistically important as well. Similar to seismic hazard analyses, the tsunami community is now focused on tsunami recurrence rates through probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis to support land-use and construction decision-making. As a result, measurements of these tsunamis are not only expected to provide researchers with important information linking earthquake rupture to tsunami generation and propagation characteristics, but will add a significant number of tsunami data points to recurrence rates calculations. All data reformatted as part of this project will be brought into compliance with NOAA Data Directives and meet the requirements for Data Management, Discoverability, Accessibility, Documentation, Readability, and Data Preservation and Stewardship as per the Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI). BEDI is designed to promote interoperability of Earth observation data across Federal agencies, systems and platforms through the improvement of data management practices and increased discoverability, accessibility, and usability of data collections.
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SV_Identification

none found
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CI_Citation

Count Component Title Date Citation Identifier
1 Archival and Discovery of August 27, 1883 Tsunami Event on Marigrams
    2018-03-19
doi:10.7289/V5C827KJ
1 Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI): Archival and Discovery of 1854, 1883, 1896, 1933, and 1968 Tsunami Events on Marigrams
    2018-03-19
1 NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Location Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Platform Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Project Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Science Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 GraphClick

1 Marigrams recording tsunamis generated by the August 27, 1883 eruption and debris avalanche
    2018-03-19

1 NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database
    2017-06-01
5 None
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    CI_Series

    none found
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    CI_ResponsibleParty

    Count Component Individual Organization Position Email Role Linkage
    1 DOC/NOAA > Center for Tsunami Research processor
    3 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact
    1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information originator
    1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information publisher
    1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information author https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml
    1 DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL/NCTR > NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory originator
    6 GCMD Landing Page NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System custodian https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
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    CI_OnlineResource

    Count Component Linkage Name Description Function
    6 https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1142/hono_18830827.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1142/kodi_18830827.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from Kodiak, Alaska, USA Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1142/saus_18830827.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from San Francisco Bay (Sausalito), California, USA Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database Access to historical tsunami source and effects information database on tsunami events from 2000 B.C. to the present in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. search
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/18830827_1142/digitized/hono_18830827.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/18830827_1142/digitized/hono_18830827.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/18830827_1142/digitized/kodi_18830827.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from Kodiak, Alaska, USA Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/18830827_1142/digitized/kodi_18830827.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from Kodiak, Alaska, USA Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/18830827_1142/digitized/saus_18830827.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from San Francisco Bay (Sausalito), California, USA Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/18830827_1142/digitized/saus_18830827.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 27, 1883 marigram from San Francisco Bay (Sausalito), California, USA Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
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    MD_Identifier or RS_Identifier

    Count Component Code
    2
    1 doi:10.7289/V5C827KJ
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    EX_Extent

    Bounding Box Temporal Extent
    Count Component Description West East North South Start End
    1 Coastal Tide Gauge Network of the International Community -157.86444 -122.47833 57.7833 21.30333 1883-08-24T01:52:34Z 1883-09-01T23:57:54Z
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    EX_GeographicBoundingBox

    Count Component West East North South
    1 -157.86444 -122.47833 57.7833 21.30333
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    EX_TemporalExtent

    Count Component Start End
    1 1883-08-24T01:52:34Z 1883-09-01T23:57:54Z
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    MD_Format

    Count Component Name Version specification
    1 TIFF Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
    1 csv Comma Separated Values file (csv)
    1 netCDF 4 Unidata's Network Common Data Form (netCDF)
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    MD_Medium

    none found
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    MD_Constraints

    Count Component Use Limitation
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    MD_ReferenceSystem

    none found
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    MD_GridSpatialRepresentation

    none found
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    MD_Georeferenceable or MI_Georeferenceable

    none found
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    MD_Georectified or MI_Georectified

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    MD_Dimension

    none found
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    MD_CoverageDescription or MI_CoverageDescription

    Count Component Attribute Description Content Type
    1 Instrument Details
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    MD_Band or MI_Band

    Count Component Identifier Descriptor
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    MI_RangeElementDescription

    Count Component Name Definition
    1 Scale Scale is the scale factor from the marigram graphic to the absolute measurement of the sea surface level. It is in the format 1:#.
    1 Station Station is the general-purpose identifier for the station. It can be up to 80 alphanumeric characters.
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    MD_AggregateInformation

    Count Component Title Code Association Type Code
    1 Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI): Archival and Discovery of 1854, 1883, 1896, 1933, and 1968 Tsunami Events on Marigrams largerWorkCitation
    1 Marigrams recording tsunamis generated by the August 27, 1883 eruption and debris avalanche crossReference
    1 NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database
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    LE_Source or LI_Source

    Count Component Title Date Description
    1 Unknown Each original marigram was a scroll of paper from which a segment of several days of time series data were scanned and stored as TIFFs, along with the Station, Scale (not always), Dates/Times of the segment (in UTC or local), and Latitude and Longitude of the Station.
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    LE_ProcessStep or LI_ProcessStep

    Count Component DateTime Description
    1 Marigram TIFF images were loaded into GraphClick and x,y axes were defined for 24 hour periods using the 4 known points option (coordinates at the bottom-left of the graph, bottom-right, top-left and top-right). This option was chosen over other available options to better represent images that may have had a tilted, wrinkled, warped or otherwise damaged paper record. Data points were individually added along the data curves by clicking on the center of the curved line with GraphClick recording x,y values each of those points. These x,y values were exported from GraphClick as a text file and transferred to Microsoft Excel 2016 for formatting of time, units and other general file formatting required for archival. CSV files were converted to netCDF with associated metadata. For records with curved vertical axes, one of the vertical graticules was digitized to create a table of corrections to the x axis as a function of height, and fit with a spline interpolation.
    1 On any records that included periodical height/time information written on the marigram, such values were compared with the numerical values produced by GraphClick for consistency.
    1 Values were compared against digital 1 hour data provided by the station operators where available.
    1 Each station was checked as necessary for observance with Daylight Savings Time.
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    MI_Operation

    none found
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    MI_Platform

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    MI_Instrument

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