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Mapping the spatial distribution of seepage activity in the Coal Oil Point seep field (COP1609, EK80)
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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  Mapping the spatial distribution of seepage activity in the Coal Oil Point seep field (COP1609, EK80)
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                date:  2016-08-31
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                code:  COP1609_EK80
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                  Anchor:  DOI doi:10.25921/3x3w-qf48
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        abstract:  A broad acoustic survey of the Coal Oil Point seep field was conducted using a small dive support vessel (R/V Connell) from the University of California ? Santa Barbara. The survey consisted of acoustically mapping specific seep sites within the Coal Oil Point seep field, commonly known as Platform Holly, Seep Tent, La Goleta, Patch and Trilogy. The survey was conducted with three downward-looking broadband echosounders: an MSI Constant Beamwidth Transducer (CBW) (30-100 kHz), a Simrad ES200-7C split-beam echosounder (150-250 kHz) and a Simrad ES333 split-beam echosounder (290-490 kHz). The echosounders were interfaced with an EK80 Wideband Transceiver and were deployed on a tow sled on the port side of the R/V Connell. A Garmin WAAS-enabled GPS was attached to the tow sled and was integrated into the Simrad EK80 software to record the position of the echosounders. A Seabird 19plus V2 CTD was used to collect profiles of salinity and temperature in the water column after each survey. A 300 kHz RDI ADCP was used for measuring water current profiles. During the last day of survey, 14 September 2016, a low-frequency single-beam transducer (1-10 kHz) was used to map a small subset of the seep field. All surveys were performed at vessel speeds of 4-6 knots depending on the weather conditions of the survey day. On 31 August 2016, the instruments were mounted to the R/V Connell and were tested during an on-shore shake down. On 1 September 2016, the tow sled and instruments were tested at-sea using various configurations in order to determine the optimal configuration to minimize noise interference with the echosounders. On 2 September 2016, an EW 500 m by 500 m survey, with 10 m line spacing, was conducted at Patch. Gas seepage was visible throughout the survey, both in the acoustic data and near the surface of the water column. The sea surface was lightly oiled in some areas of the survey. The survey took four hours to complete and was followed with a CTD cast. Finally, a short (500 m) transect ADCP survey was conducted. On 6 September 2016, a NS 500 m by 500 m survey, with 10 m line spacing, was conducted near Platform Holly. Gas seepage was visible predominantly near the platform, both in the acoustic data and significantly by eye near the platform. The sea surface was heavily oiled, especially near the platform. The survey took a total of four hours to complete and was followed with a CTD cast near the center of the survey area. An initial attempt at calibrating the echosounders was performed south of Platform Holly, however it was decided to move east of Patch for the calibration to avoid seeps during the calibration procedure. The calibration was performed using a 38.1 mm and 25.0 mm Tungsten-Carbide calibration spheres. A 12.67 mm Tungsten-Carbide calibration sphere was also used to attempt to calibrate the echosounders, however it was too small and light to use in the calibration site. On 7 September 2016, an EW 500 m by 500 m survey, with 10 m line spacing, was conducted at Seep Tent. The sea surface was heavily oiled at the site. Gas bubbles were also observed at the sea surface in the site. The survey took four hours to complete and was followed by a second EW 500 m by 500 m survey, with 10 m line spacing, conducted at La Goleta. Oil and gas bubbles were observed at the sea surface throughout the survey area. The survey took approximate four hours and forty minutes to complete and was followed with a CTD cast near the La Goleta survey area. On 8 September 2016, an EW 1000 m (EW) by 600 m (NS) survey, with 20 m line spacing, was conducted at Trilogy, followed by 6 evenly spaced NS lines across the survey area. The sea surface was slightly oiled in some locations in the survey area and three distinct locations within the seep area had significant quantity of gas bubbles at the sea surface. The survey took four and a half hours to complete and was followed with a CTD cast in the survey area. Following the CTD cast, ADCP operations were performed around Platform Holly. A NS line was conducted, once going north and then repeated going south, to the west of Platform Holly. A similar NS line was performed in both directions very close to the platform on the east side of the platform. It appeared that the lines were too close to the platform and the pilings caused issues with the data. Another NS line, heading north then south, was completed farther east from the platform. Another survey was conducted near Platform Holly. Survey lines were conducted as circles around the platform, starting as close as possible to the platform and extending the circle diameter until no seepage activity was observed in the acoustic data. On 9 September 2016, a SE-NW 1300 m by 8500 m survey, with 412.5 m line spacing, was conducted. In addition, three groups of two lines, perpendicular to the broad survey lines, were conducted between seep sites. The broad survey encompassed the Platform Holly, Seep Tent, La Goleta and Patch seep sites. The survey took a total of five hours to complete and was followed with a CTD cast near the Patch survey site. A NS transect line was conducted with the ADCP near Patch after the CTD cast. On 12 September 2016, a SE-NW 600 m by 850 m survey, with 20 m line spacing, was conducted to the northwest of Seep Tent. The survey took approximately one hour to complete. A CTD cast and a NS ADCP survey were performed after the survey near Seep Tent. A transit line was conducted between the ADCP survey site and Platform Holly. Once the vessel reached Platform Holly, another ADCP survey was conducted near the platform. An acoustic survey was conducted, with random lines, near Platform Holly. The survey was conducted with the intent of locating oil surfacing near the gas seep. On 13 September 2016, a broad SE-NW survey with two lines centered between the previous broad survey lines was conducted. Two NS survey lines were conducted near Platform Holly. Two NS survey lines were conducted through the center and west part of La Goleta and then two additional NS lines were conducted near Patch. A CTD cast was performed after the survey, in the vicinity of the Patch seep site. On 14 September 2016, two broad SW-NE survey lines were conducted using the low-frequency (1-10 kHz) single-beam echosounder. One NS survey line was conducted to the west of Platform Holly and then acoustic data was collected while the vessel drifted around the west side of the platform. Additional NS survey lines were conducted at Seep Tents, La Goleta and Patch. Acoustic data while the vessel drifted was also collected at these survey sites. A CTD casts was performed at the end of the acoustic survey.
        purpose:  The cruise was conducted to acoustically map the spatial distribution of gas flux in the Coal Oil Point seep field.
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            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Alexandra Padilla, Scott Loranger, Frank Kinnaman, David Valentine, Tom Weber (2019): Water Column Sonar Data Collection (COP1609, EK80). National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA. doi:10.25921/3x3w-qf48 [access date].
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            otherConstraints:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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            useLimitation:  These data are considered raw and have not been subjected to the NOAA's quality control or quality assurance procedures. They are released for limited public use as preliminary data to be used only with appropriate caution. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
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            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Resource may not be available for up to one year after initial collection.
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetIdentifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  COP1609
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation
            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) operation
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetIdentifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Seepage Activity in the Coal Oil Point seep field
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) largerWorkCitation
            initiativeType:  (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) program
        language:  eng; USA
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -119.91309
                eastBoundLongitude:  -119.82037
                southBoundLatitude:  34.3582
                northBoundLatitude:  34.3995
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  2016-08-31T18:07:00
                    endPosition:  2016-09-14T22:02:39
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    contentInfo:  (MI_CoverageDescription)
        attributeDescription:
          RecordType:  Trackline
        contentType:  (MD_CoverageContentTypeCode) physicalMeasurement
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)
            name:  Simrad EK80 raw (.raw) format
            version:  1
            specification:  Simrad EK80 raw files. See the Simrad EK80 interface specification manual for additional information.
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                positionName:  Water Column Sonar Data Manager
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (303) 497-4742
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42
                        city:  Boulder
                        administrativeArea:  CO
                        postalCode:  80305-3328
                        country:  USA
                        electronicMailAddress:  wcd.info@noaa.gov
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
            distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
                fees:  Free
                orderingInstructions:  Contact the NCEI Water Column Sonar Data Manager to order data
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/water_column_sonar/
                name:  Water Column Sonar Data Map Viewer
                description:  Interactive map viewer to allow discovery and access to water column sonar data
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) search
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/wcd
                name:  Water Column Sonar Data Archive Homepage
                description:  Web page containing information on the water column sonar data archive.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) collectionHardware
            extent:  (EX_Extent)
                description:  East of the Patch seep site in the Coal Oil Point seep field
                geographicElement:  (EX_BoundingPolygon)
                    polygon:
                      Point:
                        pos:  -119.82 34.35
                temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                    extent:
                      TimeInstant:
                        timePosition:  2016-09-06
            levelDescription:  (MD_ScopeDescription)
                other:  Instrument calibration information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  Uncalibrated w/ calibration data
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) series
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            result:  (DQ_ConformanceResult)
                specification: (inapplicable)
                explanation:  Positional accuracy dependent on navigation GPS, ship motion correction, and sound velocity profile accuracy.
                pass:  true
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            result:  (DQ_ConformanceResult)
                specification: (inapplicable)
                explanation:  Vertical accuracy is dependent on navigation GPS and ship motion corrections.
                pass:  true
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Package created using WCSD Packager version 11_28_17. The files are read as part of processing but they are not modified by the packaging process. The archived files are the unaltered raw instrument files
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-08-31T18:07:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  Alexandra Padilla
                    organisationName:  UNH/CCOM
                    positionName:  Graduate Student
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                            voice:
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            deliveryPoint:  24 Colovos Road
                            city:  Durham
                            administrativeArea:  New Hampshire
                            postalCode:  03824
                            country:  USA
                            electronicMailAddress:  apadilla@ccom.unh.edu
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) principalInvestigator
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) series
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  MSI Constant Beamwidth Transducer (30-100 kHz) is a split-beam echosounder that has three sectors. Since this transducer is not developed by Simrad, each MSI sector has its own datagram.
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            citation:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Simrad EK80 Echosounder
                date: (inapplicable)
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                    code:  EK80
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/ocean-science/ocean-science/es_scientific/ek80software/
                            name:  Simrad Ek80 information web page
                            description:  Page contains general information on the Ek80 and has links to details on operation and file formats
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Simrad EK80
            type:  echosounder
            description:  The Simrad EK80 is the most modern "high end" split beam scientific echo sounder in the fishery scientific market. Based on more than 60 years of research and development in close collaboration with leading marine scientists this wide band echo sounder system has succeeded the famous EK60, which became an international standard for fish stock assessment. The Simrad EK80 can operate a large number of frequencies simultaneously ranging from 10 to 500 kHz. A wide selection of high quality accurate transducers is available.
        operation:  (MI_Operation)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  COP1609_EK80
            status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
            parentOperation: (inapplicable)
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            citation:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  R/V Connell
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2019-01-31
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) creation
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Connell
            description:  26-foot Anderson hull with a cabin and twin 150 Hp Evinrude outboard engines. Equipment includes: Furuno GPS and Radar, 2500ft fathometer, VHF marine radio, AIS, EPIRB, compass, deck/running/anchor lighting, 110 VAC x 7A inverter, capstan, and side mounted davit (150 lbs max) with hydraulic pinch wheel. A vertical pole mount is available for mobile sonar and ADCP surveys. The boat can hold up to 30 SCUBA tanks and is capable of cruising at 25 knots with 6 divers and gear. There are two 80 gallon fuel tanks giving the boat an operating range of 320 miles. The dual axle trailer allows the boat to be launched from a range of harbors.
            instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
                citation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Simrad EK80 Echosounder
                    date: (inapplicable)
                    identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                        code:  EK80
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Simrad - Kongsberg Maritime AS
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/products/ocean-science/ocean-science/es_scientific/ek80software/
                                name:  Simrad Ek80 information web page
                                description:  Page contains general information on the Ek80 and has links to details on operation and file formats
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                    code:  Simrad EK80
                type:  echosounder
                description:  The Simrad EK80 is the most modern "high end" split beam scientific echo sounder in the fishery scientific market. Based on more than 60 years of research and development in close collaboration with leading marine scientists this wide band echo sounder system has succeeded the famous EK60, which became an international standard for fish stock assessment. The Simrad EK80 can operate a large number of frequencies simultaneously ranging from 10 to 500 kHz. A wide selection of high quality accurate transducers is available.